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The Syntax of Volitives in Biblical Hebrew and Amarna Canaanite Prose PDF

264 Pages·2014·5.69 MB·English
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The Syntax of Volitives in Biblical Hebrew and Amarna Canaanite Prose Linguistic Studies in Ancient West Semitic edited by Cynthia L. Miller-Naudé and Jacobus Naudé The series Linguistic Studies in Ancient West Semitic is devoted to the ancient West Semitic languages, including Hebrew, Aramaic, Ugaritic, and their near congeners. It includes monographs, collections of essays, and text editions in- formed by the approaches of linguistic science. The material studied will span from the earliest texts to the rise of Islam. 1. The Verbless Clause in Biblical Hebrew: Linguistic Approaches, edited by Cynthia L. Miller 2. Phonology and Morphology of Biblical Hebrew: An Introduction, by Joshua Blau 3. A Manual of Ugaritic, by Pierre Bordreuil and Dennis Pardee 4. Word Order in the Biblical Hebrew Finite Clause: A Syntactic and Pragmatic Analysis of Preposing, by Adina Moshavi 5. Oath Formulas in Biblical Hebrew, by Blane Conklin 6. Biblical Hebrew Grammar Visualized, by Francis I. Andersen and A. Dean Forbes 7. Time and the Biblical Hebrew Verb: The Expression of Tense, Aspect, and Modality in Biblical Hebrew, by John A. Cook 8. Diachrony in Biblical Hebrew, edited by Cynthia L. Miller-Naudé and Ziony Zevit 9. The Syntax of Volitives in Biblical Hebrew and Amarna Canaanite Prose, by Hélène Dallaire The Syntax of Volitives in Biblical Hebrew and Amarna Canaanite Prose Hélène Dallaire Winona Lake, Indiana Eisenbrauns 2014 Copyright © 2014 Eisenbrauns All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. www.eisenbrauns.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dallaire, Hélène. The syntax of volitives in biblical Hebrew and Amarna Canaanite prose / Hélène Dallaire. pages cm.—(Linguistic studies in Ancient West Semitic ; 9) Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN 978-1-57506-307-2 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Hebrew language—Grammar, Comparative—Canaanite language. 2. Hebrew language—Verb. 3. Canaanite language—Verb. 4. Tell el-Amarna tablets. I. Title. PJ4564.D35 2014 492.45—dc23 2014033733 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. ANSI Z39.48-1984.♾™ Contents Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix General ix Reference Works ix 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Assumptions 3 1.3. Methodology 4 1.4. Corpus of Texts 5 1.5. Definition of Terms 7 1.6. Sociolinguistic Issues 18 1.7. Modality in Sign Language 25 1.8. Three-Person System of Volitives 26 1.9. Modality in Semitic Languages 30 2. Biblical Hebrew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.1. Introduction 36 2.2. The Imperative 43 2.3. The Jussive 91 2.4. The Cohortative 107 2.5. Additional Verbs with Modal Functions 121 2.6. Conclusion 161 3. El Amarna Canaanite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 3.1. Introduction 165 3.2. Proposed Paradigms for the Canaanite Verbal System 168 3.3. The Imperative 171 3.4. The Jussive 184 3.5. The yaqtula 190 3.6. Verbal Sequences with Volitives 201 3.7. Additional Verbs with Modal Functions 208 3.8. Conclusion 213 4. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 4.1. Yaqtul (Jussive) 216 4.2. Yaqtula 217 v vi Contents 4.3. Yaqtulan(na) 218 4.4. Regular Imperative 218 4.5. Imperative with Modal -a Ending 219 4.6. Long Imperative with -n(na) Ending 220 4.7. The Volitives and Social Dynamics 222 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 Index of Authors 240 Index of Scripture 244 Acknowledgments It gives me great pleasure to acknowledge those who have been instrumental in stimulating my interest in the topic of this book and have provided support throughout this academic project. First, I wish to thank my doctoral adviser, Stephen A. Kaufman, who freely shared his expertise in Comparative Semitics and stretched my abilities to comprehend better the peoples and languages of the ancient Near East. I could not have accomplished this task without his con- tinual support and professional guidance. I also thank my second reader, Nili Fox, whose support and rich suggestions contributed to the fine-tuning of this manuscript. I am indebted to the late Anson F. Rainey, whose endless inspira- tion and generous contribution energized me to complete this work. Sincere thanks to Annalisa Azzoni, who spent countless hours reading my drafts, mak- ing recommendations, and proofreading every part of the manuscript. I am deeply grateful to Cynthia L. Miller-Naudé and the late Michael P. O’Connor, who provided invaluable recommendations when I submitted the manuscript for publication in the LSAWS series. Their investment of time and scholarly expertise contributed significantly to the improvement of the original manuscript. To Jim Eisenbraun and the Eisenbrauns staff, especially my editor Beverly McCoy, whose support I value highly, I am extremely thankful. I thank my friends in Canada, the U.S., Israel, the Philippines, and else- where around the world who have been sources of strength along the way. I honor, respect, and thank my family, especially my late mother, who continu- ally provided humorous words of encouragement, inspiration, and faithful sup- port, even in her times of grave illness. And most of all, to my Creator, whose constant presence provided meaning for the entire project: to Him be the glory! vii Abbreviations General asv American Standard Version BH Biblical Hebrew c. common coh. cohortative CS Central Semitic EA El Amarna f. feminine impv(s). imperative(s) jps Jewish Publication Society Version juss. jussive kjv King James Version m. masculine n(n). note(s) niv New International Version njps New Jewish Publication Society Version nrsv New Revised Standard Version p/pl. plural pron. pronoun/pronominal PS Proto-Semitic s/sg. singular WTT William Tyndale Translation of the Bible Reference Works AcOr Acta Orientalia AfO Archiv für Orientforschung ANET Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament. Edited by J. B. Pritchard. 3rd ed. Princeton, 1969 AnOr Analecta Orientalia AO Der Alte Orient AOAT Alter Orient und Altes Testament AOS American Oriental Series ArOr Archiv Orientální AuOr Aula Orientalis BAR Biblical Archaeology Review BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research BASS Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft ix

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During the past century, numerous books and articles have appeared on the verbal system of Semitic languages. Thanks to the discovery of Ugaritic texts, Akkadian tablets, Canaanite letters found at Tell el-Amarna in Egypt, Hebrew and Aramaic inscriptions, and the Dead Sea Scrolls, our understanding
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