The syntax of roots and the roots of syntax PDF
Preview The syntax of roots and the roots of syntax
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,7/11/2014,SPi The Syntax of Roots and the Roots of Syntax OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,7/11/2014,SPi OXFORD STUDIES IN THEORETICAL LINGUISTICS generaleditors DavidAdgerandHagitBorer,QueenMary,UniversityofLondon advisoryeditors StephenAnderson,YaleUniversity;DanielBüring,UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles;NomiErteschik-Shir, Ben-GurionUniversity;DonkaFarkas,UniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz;AngelikaKratzer,Universityof Massachusetts,Amherst;AndrewNevins,UniversityCollegeLondon;ChristopherPotts,StanfordUni- versity;BarrySchein,UniversityofSouthernCalifornia;PeterSvenonius,UniversityofTromsø;MoiraYip, UniversityCollegeLondon Recenttitles 33Events,Phrases,andQuestions byRobertTruswell 34DissolvingBindingTheory byJohanRooryckandGuidoVandenWyngaerd 35TheLogicofPronominalResumption byAshAsudeh 36ModalsandConditionals byAngelikaKratzer 37TheThetaSystem ArgumentStructureattheInterface editedbyMartinEveraert,MarijanaMarelj,andTalSiloni 38Sluicing Cross-LinguisticPerspectives editedbyJasonMerchantandAndrewSimpson 39Telicity,Change,andState ACross-CategorialViewofEventStructure editedbyVioletaDemonteandLouiseMcNally 40WaysofStructureBuilding editedbyMyriamUribe-EtxebarriaandVidalValmala 41TheMorphologyandPhonologyofExponence editedbyJochenTrommer 42CountandMassAcrossLanguages editedbyDianeMassam 43Genericity editedbyAldaMari,ClaireBeyssade,andFabioDelPrete 44StrategiesofQuantification editedbyKook-HeeGil,SteveHarlow,andGeorgeTsoulas 45NonverbalPredication CopularSentencesattheSyntax-SemanticsInterface byIsabelleRoy 46DiagnosingSyntax editedbyLisaLai-ShenChengandNorbertCorver 47PseudogappingandEllipsis byKirstenGengel 48SyntaxanditsLimits editedbyRaffaellaFolli,ChristinaSevdali,andRobertTruswell 49PhraseStructureandArgumentStructure ACaseStudyoftheSyntax-SemanticsInterface byTerjeLohndal 50EdgesinSyntax ScramblingandCyclicLinearization byHeejeongKo 51TheSyntaxofRootsandtheRootsofSyntax editedbyArtemisAlexiadou,HagitBorer,andFlorianSchäfer Foracompletelistoftitlespublishedandinpreparationfortheseries,seepp334–5. OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,7/11/2014,SPi The Syntax of Roots and the Roots of Syntax Edited by ARTEMIS ALEXIADOU, HAGIT BORER, AND FLORIAN SCHÄFER 1 OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,7/11/2014,SPi 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxford,ox26dp, UnitedKingdom OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwide.Oxfordisaregisteredtrademarkof OxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountries ©editorialmatterandorganizationArtemisAlexiadou,HagitBorer,andFlorianSchäfer2014; ©thechapterstheirseveralauthors2014 Themoralrightsoftheauthorshavebeenasserted FirstEditionpublishedin2014 Impression:1 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthe priorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermitted bylaw,bylicenceorundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographics rightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeofthe aboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,atthe addressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisworkinanyotherform andyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirer PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyOxfordUniversityPress 198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY10016,UnitedStatesofAmerica BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014934898 ISBN978–0–19–966526–6(hbk.) 978–0–19–966527–3(pbk.) Printedandboundby CPIGroup(UK)Ltd,Croydon,cr04yy LinkstothirdpartywebsitesareprovidedbyOxfordingoodfaithand forinformationonly.Oxforddisclaimsanyresponsibilityforthematerials containedinanythirdpartywebsitereferencedinthiswork. OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,7/11/2014,SPi Contents General preface vii Notes oncontributors viii List of abbreviations xi 1. Introduction 1 Artemis Alexiadou, Hagit Borer,andFlorianSchäfer 2. From syntaxto roots:A syntactic approachto root interpretation 14 Víctor Acedo-Matellán andJaumeMateu 3. The roots of nominality,the nominality of roots 33 Paolo Acquaviva 4. Roots in transitivity alternations: Afto-/auto-reflexives 57 Artemis Alexiadou 5. Domains within words and their meanings:A case study 81 Elena Anagnostopoulou andYota Samioti 6. The categoryof roots 112 Hagit Borer 7. On a low and ahighdiminutive: Evidence from Italian and Hebrew 149 Marijke De Belder, Noam Faust, andNicolaLampitelli 8. Theinteraction of adjectival passiveand Voice 164 EditDoron 9. Roots andphases 192 Ángel J. Gallego 10. The ontology of roots and verbs 208 LisaLevinson 11. Derivational affixes as roots:Phasal Spell-out meets English Stress Shift 230 Jean Lowenstamm 12. Building scalar changes 259 Malka Rappaport Hovav OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,7/11/2014,SPi vi Contents 13. Whenroots license andwhen they respectsemantico-syntactic structure in verbs 282 Antje Roßdeutscher References 310 Index 329 OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,7/11/2014,SPi General preface Thetheoreticalfocusofthisseriesisontheinterfacesbetweensubcomponentsofthe humangrammaticalsystemandthecloselyrelatedareaoftheinterfacesbetweenthe different sub-disciplines of linguistics. The notion of ‘interface’ has become central in grammatical theory (for instance, in Chomsky’s Minimalist Program) and in linguisticpractice:workontheinterfacesbetweensyntaxandsemantics,syntaxand morphology, phonology and phonetics, etc. has led to a deeper understanding of particularlinguisticphenomenaandofthearchitectureofthelinguisticcomponent of the mind/brain. Theseriescoversinterfacesbetweencorecomponentsofgrammar,includingsyntax/ morphology, syntax/semantics, syntax/phonology, syntax/pragmatics, morphology/ phonology, phonology/phonetics, phonetics/speech processing, semantics/pragmatics, and intonation/discourse structure, as well as issues in the way that the systems of grammar involving these interface areas are acquired and deployed in use (including languageacquisition,languagedysfunction,andlanguageprocessing).Itdemonstrates, we hope, that proper understandings of particular linguistic phenomena, languages, languagegroups,orinter-languagevariationsallrequirereferencetointerfaces. Theseriesisopentoworkbylinguistsofalltheoreticalpersuasionsandschoolsof thought.Amainrequirementisthatauthorsshouldwritesoastobeunderstoodby colleaguesin relatedsubfields of linguistics and byscholars in cognate disciplines. The term ‘root’ is relatively familiar from morphology and from phonology, but withinthepast15years,anincreasingbodyofworkhasemergedwhichsuggeststhat there are empirical and conceptual advantages to assuming that the most basic syntactic building block is neither a ‘word’ nor a Lexeme, but rather, a root, i.e. a unit that is, in particular, devoid of a syntactic category. From the perspective of suchapproaches,syntacticcategoriesemergesasaresultofthesyntacticconfigura- tion, and are not, as more traditional approaches would have it, a property which terminals bring with them into the syntax. While there is an agreement, in such theoretical quarters, on what roots are not, variousscholarshavepursuedratherdifferentsolutionstothequestionsofwhatroots are. Are they units of phonological representations, andif so,howdelimited? Are they units of meaning, and if so, how delimited? Do they have syntactic properties (e.g. argument selection)? And finally, in the absence of category for roots, how do syntacticconstituentscometohaveacategoriallabel? Thisbookprovidesaninvalu- ableserviceinbringingtogetherdiverseanswerstothesequestions,serving,simulta- neously, as an introduction to the root-based approach, and as a tool to ‘rootists’ seekingtounderstandthediverseramificationsofthetheoreticalapproachasawhole. David Adger Hagit Borer OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,7/11/2014,SPi Notes on contributors Vı´ctorAcedo-Matella´nisapostdoctoralresearcheratUniversidadedoMinho,Portugal. HereceivedhisPh.D.inlinguisticsin2010,atUniversitatdeBarcelona.Hisresearchinterests includeissuesinthesyntax-lexiconinterfaceandthesyntax-morphologyinterface,andhehas workedontheargumentandeventstructureofprefixandparticlepredicates.Amongothers, he has published in Probus and in a volume within the series Syntax and Semantics by Emerald. PaoloAcquavivaisSeniorLecturerinItalianatUniversityCollegeDublin.Heisagraduate oftheUniversityofPisaandoftheScuolaNormaleSuperioreofPisa,whereheobtainedhis Ph.D.in1993.Hisresearchcentresonmorphologyanditsinterfacewithlexicalsemantics,in particularonhowlinguisticcategoriesshapetheconceptualizationofnouns.LexicalPlurals, an extensive study into the varieties of non-canonical plurality, was published in 2008 by OxfordUniversityPress. Artemis Alexiadou is Professor of Theoretical and English Linguistics at the Universität Stuttgart. She receivedherPh.D.inlinguistics in1994fromtheUniversityofPotsdam.Her research interests lie in theoretical and comparative syntax, morphology, and most impor- tantly in the interface between syntax, morphology, the lexicon, and interpretation. She has publishedinjournals,editedvolumes,andconferenceproceedings. ElenaAnagnostopoulouobtainedherPh.D.inlinguisticsfromtheUniversityofSalzburg in 1994. After a post-doc at MIT (1997–1998), where she returned in 2007 as a Visiting Associate Professor, she took a position at the University of Crete in 1998, where she is currently Professor of Theoretical Linguistics. Her research interests lie in theoretical and comparativesyntax,withspecialfocusontheinterfacesbetweensyntax,morphology,andthe lexicon, argument alternations, Case, Agreement, clitics and anaphora. She is the author of The Syntax of Ditransitives: Evidence from Clitics (Mouton de Gruyter 2003), has co-edited four volumes in theoretical linguistics, and has published in journals, edited volumes, and conferenceproceedings. Marijke De Belder is currently an FWO postdoc researcher at the KU Leuven campus Brussel after having been a postdoc lecturer at Utrecht University, where she received her Ph.D.inlinguistics.Herresearchinterestsaremorphosyntaxandthesyntax-lexiconinterface. Morespecifically,shehasstudiedthesyntaxofroots,nominalinflection,vocabularyinsertion, derivationalword-formation,andcompounding.ShepublishedonDutchnominalinflection intheJournalofComparativeGermanicLinguisticsandinLingua. HagitBorerisProfessorandChairofLinguisticsatQueenMary,UniversityofLondon.She receivedherPh.D.inlinguisticsatMIT,andhasheldprofessorialpositionsattheUniversity of Massachusetts at Amherst and at the University of Southern California. Her research interests include syntax, morphosyntax, the syntax-semantics interface, and the acquisition ofsyntaxbychildren. OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,7/11/2014,SPi Notesoncontributors ix EditDoronisProfessorofLinguisticsattheHebrewUniversityofJerusalem.Shereceiveda Ph.D.inlinguisticsfromtheUniversityofTexasatAustinin1983.Hermainresearchareais theinterfaceofsemantics,morphology,andsyntax,particularlyinsuchlanguagesasHebrew, Arabic, Aramaic, English, and French. She has published various articles on the following topics:theSemiticverbalsystem,nominalpredicates,adjectivalpassives,thesubject-predicate relation, resumptive pronouns, bare and mass nouns, ergativity, ellipsis, apposition, free indirect discourse, the semantics of aspect and habituality, the semantics of voice, and referencetokinds. NoamFaustreceivedhisPh.D.fromParisVIIUniversityin2011.Heiscurrentlyworkingat the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He is interested in phonological, morphological, and morpho-syntacticstructures,andhowthesecanbedetectedthroughsoundpatterns.Hehas publishedonthesetopicsintheSemiticlanguagesofHebrew,Neo-Aramaic,andTigre.Heis nowconductingfieldworkonbothTigreandNuer. ÁngelJ.Gallego isaProfessorAgregat attheDepartamentdeFilologiaEspanyolaofthe UniversitatAutònomadeBarcelona,wherehedefendedhisdoctoraldissertationin2007.He isamemberoftheCentredeLingüísticaTeòrica,atheoreticallinguisticresearchgroup.His main interests and publications concern the areas of syntax, comparative grammar, and parametric variation (especially within Romance languages). He has published in journals like Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, Probus, Theoretical Linguistics, or Linguistic Analysis,andheistheauthorofthemonograph PhaseTheory(JohnBenjamins,2010),and hasalsoactedasaneditorinPhases.DevelopingtheFramework(MoutondeGruyter,2012) andElmovimientodeconstituyentes(withJoséM.Brucart,Visor,2012). NicolaLampitelliisalectureratUniversityofTours(France).HereceivedhisPh.D.in2011 fromUniversityParis7.Hisresearchinterestsincludethephonologicalformofmorphemes, the structures of words, and the phonology-syntax interface. He has published mainly on RomanceandAfroasiaticlanguages. LisaLevinsonisanassociateprofessoratOaklandUniversityandreceivedherPh.D.from NYUin2007.Sheworksonmorphosemantics,tryingtobetterunderstandwhattheatomic units of compositional semantics are, and the extent to which those atomic units can be mapped to atomic morphosyntactic constituents. She has recently published articles in the journalsNaturalLanguageandLinguisticTheoryandSyntax. JeanLowenstammisProfessorofLinguisticsatUniversitéParisDiderotinParis,France.He received his Ph.D. from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, in 1979. His research interests include phonology, morphology, syntax, and interface issues. He has published on thosetopicswithspecialattentiontoSemitic,Germanic,andRomancelanguages.Heisoneof thefoureditorsofBrill’sAnnualofAfroasiaticLanguagesandLinguistics. Jaume Mateu is an associate professor of Catalan and current Director of the Center for TheoreticalLinguisticsatUniversitatAutònomadeBarcelona(UAB).HereceivedhisPh.D. in linguistics at UAB (2002). His research interests include the lexicon-syntax interface and argumentstructure.Someofhisrecentpublicationsare “Argumentstructure”,inA.Carnie et al. (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Syntax (2014); “Conflation and incorporation
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