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SEE FOLDOUT NO / BUEEAIJ OF SCIENCE Division OF ETHMOL0GY PUBLICATIONS VOL. VI-PAET I THE SUBANUNS OF SINDANGAN BAY BY EMERSON BREWER CHRISTIE ^ * « *»i * « , ® *»j ^ ® » * ® ® • ® ® ®®#.f®»t#©*Jr®®**®'«®#®9««»®»®»#a#"®®'» ® « » MANILA BUEEAU OF FEINTING S2»7 i^ T!!E ?iir^ TtT.1t public: libi'ary B06204A 1^ R L »« ®li © « f ® ® ® ^ 9 # ® ® #® 9 *®® a ® 9 ® ® ®® ## t ®#« ®#. Part I THE SUBANUNS OF SINDANGAN BAY [3] '-^'i J Mi H., ^ U :,,.r^'"'i ' CONTENTS PART I, Page. Preface 9 .,,,.. , ..,.._...,. _,, ^ Chaiêe I Habitat and history n ,,......,...,.. .,.„...,.... ....; Name ..,.,..,,.,.... .........,„,......,.,,.,..,,, „.......„..,.,... 11 HaWtet ..»..,...- ,.,.,.,...,..,...... .„.,.., ' 11 GeogmpMeal divisions ,,.,.„„.. ,.,.,. „-.....,.....„.,..,...,... , - m History ,._......,,.,.. ....,........,, ,. 17 Early historical refereaecB ..,..,..,.,..,...,....,. .,.,., 17 Early missionary efforts .._.....,......... .»..,...,.......,,„.....,...,.....„..,....... Ill More recent missionary efforts „,.,.. .„....,.. ..: 24 Relations with the Moros ., , , ..,........,,. , „„.,.,.... ... 25 Tribute paid to the Moros ..,....,.,..... ....,..,..., ....... 25 FirKt arrival of the Moros ..,., .,,., 27 C1I4PTEE II Material culture .,,.,.,.. gg Houses ™._...,.........,..,,,..,.... ,...,........:....,.......,. ^........... ;|S CoMstrmctioE ,......,.., : „. 3H Interior fiirnishings ..., , .,...,... S7 Industries .,...,......,..,,......,. , 41, Pottery and basket making ,....,..-.,...,..,............, ,., 41 Weaving ........,..,.......,._.......... .,.....,,. .._.... 42 Metal môrking «_..•..—....__„_...,........................,... 42 Trade ___ .,,.. ....!._. ...,. 4:] Agriculture ,;...., 415 Chaftee III Family life ._,..,......,. .„.....,...,.„ ™........:...,...... 50 Customs relating to birth 50 The eWld ....™..,.........,......_........... ..,,,,..,..,..............._......,...,_..., .„ §2 Marriage customs ^ ^- ....,......;.......:............... ...,._.............. 54 Bivorce ...•...,,..,........._.......,.,......:..„.,.....„ ._„ ,....,.....,.....,. gg Beath and burial ...,............«..,„..,., *..................,.... ._„, 59 Social -control ...._..... .._,........,.....,...,........ gi • The chieftaincy .,._.._........, 01 Administration of juaticei trials .,.*.... 03 . Fines and penalties v..., .._.......,.....,. 04 Moro control of the Snbannns ....>. _^ Og Spanish control of the''Snbannns ...-........•«....„.„ ..,„ ey 5 [5] 6 THB SUBANUNS OP SINDANGAN BAY Cbaftes V Religion -0 , -... _^ The medicine man . ~j ^ Religious ceremonies „.„. _ 73 The hukiug , 73 • Festival to celebrate recovery of the sick 75 Buklvg in memory of the dead 7$ The UmalU' „ gj Functions of the medicine man gg Ceremonies observed in divination and in magic 85 m Ceremonies in connection with agricultural operations.... Ceremonies in connection with house building 87 Ceremonies in connection with hunting j^ Some ^neral conclusions on Subanun religion 90 Ghapteb VI Tale: - *A ; - - «.. 93 story of the widow's son go ^ A , story of PunbEnua, who went to the navel of the sea A . oJt story of the orphan girl ....... loi APPENDIXES Appendix 1.—Word-lists ^0- Appendix II.—The fight between Romiwata and Surandal Lalakon 117 . Appkndix m.—Physical measurements of Subanuns 121 m ILLUSTRATIONS PiAfE I. Suimnun men, Sindang^n River. If. Subanun men, Sindangan River. III. Bubanim men, Sindangan River. IV. Subanun women, Sindangan River. V. 1, 2, and 3. Bubamm women, Sindangan River. 4. Subanun woman, Peyd River. VI. 1 and 2. Subanun man, Sindangan Bay. ' 3 and 4. Subanun man, Pey6 River. -VII. Suimnun men, Peyfi River. VIII. Subanun women, Peyo River. IX. Subanun house on the Pey<^ River. 2. House of Subanun chief, Dumankilas Bay. X. 1. Under the house of Chief Mandf, Sindangan River. 2. Hearth in Chief Mandf.s house, Sindangan River. XI. Interior of Chief Mandfs house, Sindangan River. XII. 1. Jars in Chief aiandf's house, Sindangan River. 2. Imported jars, probably Chinese, Peyo Rl/er. XIII. 1. Subanun woman weaving, Peyd River. 2. Subanun blanket, Si!idangan River, XIV. 1. Subanun mats, Sindangan Bay. 2. Subanun woman weaving a mat, Sindangan River. XV. Typical Subanun clearing ika-hig-in), Sindangan Bay. XVI. Subanuns planting liee, Sindangan River. XVII. Subanun agricultural implements. XVIII. Subanun smithy. XIX. Subamm baskets. XX. Rice granaries. XXI. 1. Trap set for catehing wild cocks, Sindangan Bay. 2. Subanun children at play^ Sindangan River. XXII. 1. Sulwinun with sears, Peyo River. 2. Subanun chief of Dumankilas Bay. XXIII. Subanun weapon?. XXIV. I. Subanun spirit-house, Nueva Reus. 2. Subanun altarj, Sindangan Bay. XXV. I and 2, Subamjin idols, Sindangan Bay. 3. Charm against e^jl spirits, Sindangan River, XXVI. 1. Subanun huklitff or dancing platform. SuMnuBs 2. drinkiii^ rice b«Br. XXVII. Sulwuttuna dancing. XXVin. Subanuns dancing. XXIX. Subanun quarantine in action, Sindangan Bay. ^ [71 '-^'i J Mi H., ^ U :,,.r^'"'i PREFACE The materials for The Subanuns of Sindangan Bay were gathered for the most part during about eleven weeks in the region about the bay, in which five were passed in the months of March and April in 1905, and six in April, May, and June of 1906. The first visit was made in the course of a rapid survey of the Subanun field with a view to selecting some one region for the subject of a monograph. After visiting other districts, I selected the Sindangan Bay region and returned there to pursue my investigations, but found that in the meantime a virulent epidemic of smallpox had broken out. This epidemic, owing to quarantine regulations enforced by the Subanuns thembelves, and to a widespread desertion of the settlements, made the moment inopportune for ethn^raphic work. The attempt was renewed the next year, but it was found that the disease, which according to the natives had in the couê of the past year killed a quarter of the inhabitants of several rmcherias along the coast, was still rife, and that all travel inland was still interdicted. Under the circumstances the best that could donn l>e was to spend a month and a half at one or two rancherias at or itear the mouth of Sindangan River, where the smallpox had already passed. Even here, conditions were adverse in that the people, worn down phys- ically and discouraged, had not yet returned to a normal degree of activity. Owing to these circumstances the following report is not as full as it was intended to be. No one knows better than the writer how far it is from exhausting the subject. In view, however, of the great lack of information regarding the pagan peoples of Mindanao, it seems best to publish it as it stands, as part of a volume to be devoted to those peoples, and with the hope of adding to the information contained in it at some future time. While for the sake of greater clearness and certainty the paper treats mainly of a restricted and definite region, namely, that around Sindangan Bay, ilie writer is led to believe by his observations in other portions of the Subanun habitat that in spite of innumerable small variations in details, the general picture will be found correct for the Subanun culture area in general. Everywhere one finds the same fundamental religious ideas, interpreted by male or female shamans; the same scattering of population and loose' system of social control, ' ' [9]