THIRD EDITION The Study of Ethnomusicology Thirty-Three Discussions Bruno Nettl The Study of Ethnomusicology third edition The Study of Ethnomusicology Thirty-Three Discussions third edition Bruno nettl UnivErSiTy of illinoiS PrESS Urbana, Chicago, and Springfield © 2015 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 c p 5 4 3 2 1 ∞ This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nettl, Bruno The study of ethnomusicology : thirty-three discussions / Bruno Nettl. — Third edition. Pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-252-03928-7 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-252-08082-1 (pbk. : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-252-09733-1 (e-book) 1. Ethnomusicology. I. Title. ML3798.N47 2015 780.89—dc23 2014043248 edition supported by a grant from Figure Foundation crosswords of music true illumination For Wanda (the lady of my life) Contents Preface xi part i: Contemplating the Musics of the World 1. A Harmless Drudge: Reaching for the Dictionary 3 2. Combining Tones: On the Concept of Music 19 3. Is Music the Universal Language of Mankind? Commonalities and the Origins of Music 31 part ii: As Sounds and Structures 4. Inspiration and Perspiration: Creative Processes 49 5. A Nonuniversal Language: On the Musics of the World 63 6. The Fundamental Skill: Notation and Transcription 72 7. Contemplating Musical Repertories: A Sampling of Descriptive and Analytical Approaches 89 8. The Most Indefatigable Tourists of the World: Units of Musical Thought 108 9. Apples, Oranges, and a Model T: Comparison and Comparative Study 122 part iii: in the field 10. Come Back and See Me Next Tuesday: Essentials of the Fieldwork Tradition 141 11. You Will Never Understand This Music: Insiders and Outsiders 157 12. Citadels of the Profession: Archives, Preservation, and the Study of Recordings 169 13. No One Plays It Like Me: Ordinary and Exceptional Musicians 188 14. You Call That Fieldwork? Redefining the “Field” 199 15. Who Owns This Music? The Host’s Perspective 211 part iv: in Human Culture 16. Music and “That Complex Whole”: Studying Music in or as Culture 231 17. Writing the Meat-and-Potatoes Book: Musical Ethnography 248 18. “If Music Be the Food of Love . . .”: Uses and Functions 260 19. The River of Heraclitus: On People Changing Their Music 272 20. Traditions: Recorded, Printed, Written, Oral, Virtual 294 21. The Basic Unit of All Culture and Civilization: Signs, Symbols, and Meaning 302 22. The Whys of World Music: Determinants of Musical Style 319 part v: in All of its varieties 23. The “Where” of World Music: Interpreting Geographic Distribution 331 24. Never Heard a Horse Sing: Taxonomies and Boundaries 345 25. The Creatures of Jubal: Instruments 364 26. How Do You Get to Carnegie Hall? Teaching and Learning 376 27. I’m a Stranger Here Myself: Women’s Music, Women in Music 390 28. Diversity and Difference: A Variety of Minorities 405 part vi: from a Broad Perspective 29. Are You Doing Anyone Any Good? Thoughts on Applied Ethnomusicology 423 30. Musing about an Interdiscipline: Musicology, Anthropology, and the Study of Dance 439 31. Second Thoughts: Some Personal Disclosures 454 32. On the Shape of the Story: Perspectives on the History of Ideas and Practices 464 33. A Snapshot of the New Century: Notes on Ethnomusicology Today 481 References 491 Index 535