NEW EDITION The Study of Ethnomusicology Thirty-One Issues and Concepts Bruno Nettl The Study of Ethnomusicology The Study of Ethnomusicology Thirty-one Issues and Concepts new edition BRUNO NETTL UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS PRESS Urbana and Chicago © 1983,2005by the Board ofTrustees ofthe University ofIllinois All rights reserved. First edition published 1983 Manufactured in the United States ofAmerica 1 2 3 4 5 c p 5 4 3 2 1 ∞ This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nettl,Bruno,1930– The study ofethnomusicology :thirty-one issues and concepts / Bruno Nettl.— 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. isbn-13:978-0-252-03033-8(cloth :alk.paper) isbn-10:0-252-03033-8(cloth :alk.paper) isbn-13:978-0-252-07278-9(paper :alk.paper) isbn-10:0-252-07278-2(paper :alk.paper) 1.Ethnomusicology.I.Title. ml3798.n47 2005 780′.89—dc22 2005011181 The University ofIllinois Press is a founding member ofthe Association ofAmerican University Presses. University ofIllinois Press 1325South Oak Street Champaign,IL 61820-6903 www.press.uillinois.edu For Wanda Contents Preface xi part 1: The Musicsofthe World 1. The Harmless Drudge:Defining Ethnomusicology 3 2. The Art ofCombining Tones:The Music Concept 16 3. Inspiration and Perspiration:The Creative Process 27 4. The Universal Language:Universals ofMusic 42 5. The Nonuniversal Language:Varieties ofMusic 50 6. Apples and Oranges:Comparative Study 60 7. I Can’t Say a Thing until I’ve Seen the Score: Transcription 74 8. In the Speech Mode:Contemplating Repertories 92 9. The Most Indefatigable Tourists ofthe World:Tunes and Their Relationships 113 part 2: In the Field 10. Come Back and See Me Next Tuesday:Essentials of Fieldwork 133 11. You Will Never Understand This Music:Insiders and Outsiders 149 12. Hanging on for Dear Life:Archives and Preservation 161 13. I Am the Greatest:Ordinary and Exceptional Musicians 172 14. You Call That Fieldwork? Redefining the “Field” 184 15. What Do You Think You’re Doing? The Host’s Perspective 197 part 3: In Human Culture 16. Music and “That Complex Whole”:Music in Culture 215 17. The Meat-and-Potatoes Book:Musical Ethnography 232 18. Music Hath Charms:Uses and Functions 244 19. In the Beginning:On the Origins ofMusic 259 20. The Continuity ofChange:On People Changing Their Music 272 21. Recorded,Printed,Written,Oral:Traditions 291 22. The Basic Unit ofAll Culture and Civilization:Signs and Symbols 302 23. Location,Location,Location! Interpreting Geographic Distribution 320 24. The Whys ofMusical Style:Determinants 339 part 4: In AllVarieties 25. I’ve Never Heard a Horse Sing:Musical Taxonomies 357 26. The Creatures ofJubal:Instruments 376 27. How Do You Get to Carnegie Hall? Teaching and Learning 388 28. I’m a Stranger Here Myself:Women’s Music,Women in Music 404 29. Diversity and Difference:Some Minorities 419 30. A New Era:The 1990s and Beyond 431 31. The Shape ofthe Story:Remarks on History 443 References 455 Index 495