The students companion to social policy PDF
Preview The students companion to social policy
The Student’s Companion to Social Policy The Student’s Companion to Social Policy Fourth Edition Edited by Pete Alcock, Margaret May, and Sharon Wright A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition first published 2012 © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Edition history: Blackwell Publishers Ltd (1e, 1998); Blackwell Publishing Ltd (2e, 2003 and 3e, 2008) Wiley-Blackwell is an imprint of John Wiley & Sons, formed by the merger of Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing. Registered Office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Offices 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www. wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of Pete Alcock, Margaret May, and Sharon Wright to be identified as the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The students companion to social policy / edited by Pete Alcock, Margaret May, and Sharon Wright. – 4th ed. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-0-470-65565-8 (pbk.) 1. Great Britain–Social policy. 2. Public welfare–Great Britain. 3. Social policy–Study and teaching. I. Alcock, Peter, 1951– II. May, Margaret, 1947– III. Wright, Sharon D. IV. Social Policy Association (Great Britain) HN390.S78 2012 361.6'10941–dc23 2011035242 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. This book is published in the following electronic formats: ePDFs 978-1-119-96080-5; ePub 978-1-119-96081-2; Mobi 978-1-119-96082-9 Set in 9.5 / 11.5 pt Minion by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited 1 2012 Contents Contributors viii 10 Social Democracy 70 Robert M. Page Acknowledgements xv 11 Socialist Perspectives 77 Introduction 1 Hartley Dean 12 Feminist Perspectives 83 Part I Concepts and Shona Hunter Approaches 3 13 Green Perspectives 90 1 The Subject of Social Policy 5 Michael Cahill Pete Alcock 14 Postmodernist Perspectives 96 2 Approaches and Methods 12 Tony Fitzpatrick Saul Becker 3 Social Needs, Social Problems, and Part III Historical Context 103 Social Welfare and Well-being 19 15 History and Social Policy 105 Nick Manning David Gladstone 4 Equality, Rights, and Social 16 Nineteenth-Century Justice 26 Beginnings 111 Peter Taylor-Gooby Bernard Harris 5 Equalities and Human Rights 33 17 The Liberal Era and the Growth Suzi Macpherson of State Welfare 117 6 Efficiency, Equity, and Choice 40 Noel Whiteside Carol Propper 18 The Post-war 7 Altruism, Reciprocity, and Welfare State 124 Obligation 48 Robert M. Page Hilary Land 19 Crisis, Retrenchment, and the Impact of Neo-liberalism Part II Key Perspectives 55 (1976–1997) 130 8 Neo-liberalism 57 Howard Glennerster Nick Ellison 20 Modernization and 9 The Conservative Tradition 64 the Third Way 135 Hugh Bochel Martin Powell vi CONTENTS Part IV Contemporary 37 Citizenship and Access Context 143 to Welfare 255 Ruth Lister and Peter Dwyer 21 Demography 145 Jane Falkingham and Athina Vlachantoni Part VI Welfare Governance 263 22 Economic Policy and Social 38 Managing and Delivering Policy 153 Welfare 265 Rob Sykes John Clarke 23 Religion 160 39 Accountability for Welfare 271 Rana Jawad Jackie Gulland 24 Family Policy 166 40 Welfare Users and Jane Millar and Tina Haux Social Policy 278 25 Divisions and Difference 173 Marian Barnes Sharon Wright 41 Local and Regional Government 26 Poverty and Social Exclusion 180 and Governance 284 Pete Alcock Guy Daly and Howard Davis 27 The Distribution of Welfare 187 42 Social Policy and Devolution 291 John Hills Richard Parry 28 The Policy Process 195 43 Social Policy and Hugh Bochel the European Union 298 Linda Hantrais 29 Evaluation and Evidence-based Social Policy 201 44 International Organizations 306 Martin Powell Nicola Yeates Part V Welfare Production and Part VII Welfare Services 315 Provision 207 45 Income Maintenance and Social Security 317 30 State Welfare 209 Stephen McKay and Karen Rowlingson Catherine Bochel 46 Employment 324 31 Commercial Welfare 215 Alan Deacon and Ruth Patrick Chris Holden 47 Health Care 331 32 Occupational Welfare 221 Rob Baggott Edward Brunsdon and Margaret May 48 Education in Schools 338 Anne West 33 Voluntary Welfare 228 Jeremy Kendall 49 Lifelong Learning and Training 345 Claire Callender 34 Informal Welfare 234 Hilary Arksey and 50 Housing 352 Caroline Glendinning David Mullins and Alan Murie 35 Paying for Welfare 241 51 Social Care 359 Howard Glennerster Jon Glasby 36 Taxation and Welfare 248 52 Criminal Justice 366 Fran Bennett Tim Newburn CONTENTS vii Part VIII Services for Particular 60 Social Policy in Europe 428 Groups 375 Jochen Clasen 53 ‘Race’ and Social Welfare 377 61 Social Policy in Liberal Market Lucinda Platt Societies 434 Michael Hill 54 Children 385 Tess Ridge 62 Social Policy in East Asian Societies 440 55 Young People 392 Michael Hill Bob Coles 63 Social Policy in Middle 56 Older People 399 Eastern Societies 447 Kirk Mann and Gabrielle Mastin Rana Jawad 57 Disability 405 64 Social Policy in Developing Mark Priestley Societies 455 58 Migrants and Asylum Seekers 412 Patricia Kennett Alice Bloch Appendix: The Social Policy Part IX International Issues 419 Association (SPA) 462 59 Comparative Analysis 421 Index 464 Margaret May Notes on Contributors Pete Alcock is Professor of Social Policy and Saul Becker is Head of the School of Socio Administration at the University of Birming logy and Social Policy and Professor of Social ham and Director of the ESRC Third Sector Policy and Social Care at The University of Research Centre. He has been teaching and Nottingham. His main research interests researching in social policy for over thirty include informal family care (particularly chil years. He has written widely on social policy, dren who are carers – ‘young carers’), vulner the voluntary sector, social security, poverty able children and their families, and research and social exclusion, and antipoverty policy. methodology in social policy. He has published extensively in these areas.). Hilary Arksey is a consultant and freelance researcher. Her main research interests lie in Fran Bennett is Senior Research Fellow (half the area of community care, particularly infor time) in the Department of Social Policy and mal or family caregiving. She has both pub Intervention at the University of Oxford. Her lished extensively in this area and undertaken interests include social security policy, gender studies for governmental and other agencies. issues, and poverty, income distribution, and participation. She is also an independent con Rob Baggott is Professor of Public Policy and sultant, writing on social policy issues for the Director of the Health Policy Research Unit at UK government, European Commission, De Montfort University, Leicester. He is the NGOs, and others. author of many publications on health policy. His research interests include health care Alice Bloch is Professor of Sociology at City reform, public health, a nd patient and public University London where she teaches in the involvement. areas of migration, forced migration, race and ethnicity, and research methods. Her research Marian Barnes is Professor of Social Policy in interests are in the areas of migration, forced the School of Applied Social Science at the migration, and asylum policy. University of Brighton. Her main areas of research include: user involvement and user Catherine Bochel is a principal lecturer in movements, public participation, citizenship Policy Studies in the School of Social Sciences and new forms of democratic practice, policy at the University of Lincoln. Her research inter and practice interfaces, mental health, older ests include participation, the policy process people, carers, and care ethics. She has written and local government, on which she has pub widely in these areas and has undertaken par lished widely. She teaches on a range of policy ticipative research with service users and carers. related courses.
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