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The Struggle for Egypt: From Nasser to Tahrir Square PDF

433 Pages·2011·2.8 MB·English
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the struggle for egypt 00-Cook-Prelims.indd i 7/25/2011 5:17:01 PM The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is an independent, nonpartisan member- ship organization, think tank, and publisher dedicated to being a resource for its members, government offi cials, business executives, journalists, educators and stu- dents, civic and religious leaders, and other interested citizens in order to help them better understand the world and the foreign policy choices facing the United States and other countries. Founded in 1921, CFR carries out its mission by maintain- ing a diverse membership, with special programs to promote interest and develop expertise in the next generation of foreign policy leaders; convening meetings at its headquarters in New York and in Washington, DC, and other cities where senior government offi cials, members of Congress, global leaders, and prominent thinkers come together with CFR members to discuss and debate major international issues; supporting a Studies Program that fosters independent research, enabling CFR scholars to produce articles, reports, and books and hold roundtables that analyze foreign policy issues and make concrete policy recommendations; publishing Foreign Affairs, the preeminent journal on international affairs and U.S. foreign policy; sponsoring Independent Task Forces that produce reports with both fi ndings and policy prescriptions on the most important foreign policy topics; and providing up-to-date information and analysis about world events and American foreign policy on its website, www.cfr.org. The Council on Foreign Relations takes no institutional positions on policy issues and has no affi liation with the U.S. government. All views expressed in its publications and on its Web site are the sole responsibility of the author or authors. 00-Cook-Prelims.indd ii 7/25/2011 5:17:01 PM steven a. cook THE STRUGGLE FOR EGYPT From Nasser to Tahrir Square A Council on Foreign Relations Book 1 00-Cook-Prelims.indd iii 7/25/2011 5:17:01 PM 1 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offi ces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cook, Steven A. The struggle for Egypt : from Nasser to Tahrir Square / Steven A. Cook. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–0–19–979526–0 (alk. paper) 1. Egypt—Politics and government—1952–1970. 2. Egypt—Politics and government—1970–1981. 3. Egypt—Politics and government—1981– I. Title. DT107.827.C64 2011 962.05—dc22 2011016635 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 00-Cook-Prelims.indd iv 7/25/2011 5:17:01 PM for mom, mia charlotte, and mia’s namesake, the late michael cook 00-Cook-Prelims.indd v 7/25/2011 5:17:01 PM This page intentionally left blank If the ruling class has lost its consensus, i.e. is no longer leading but only “dominant,” exercising coercive force alone, this means precisely that the great masses have become detached from their traditional ideologies, and no longer believe what they used to believe previously, etc. The crisis consists precisely in the fact that the old is dying and the new cannot be born; in this interregnum a great variety of morbid symptoms appear. Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks 00-Cook-Prelims.indd vii 7/25/2011 5:17:02 PM This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgments xi Maps xiii Introduction 1 one Egypt for the Egyptians 9 two The Rise of the Offi cers 39 three Setback and Revolt 64 four Hero of the Crossing 108 five A Tale of Two Egypts 155 six Radar Contact Lost 210 seven Uprising 272 Notes 308 Bibliography 342 Index 383 00-Cook-Prelims.indd ix 7/25/2011 5:17:02 PM

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The recent revolution in Egypt has shaken the Arab world to its roots. The most populous Arab country and the historical center of Arab intellectual life, Egypt is a linchpin of the US's Middle East strategy, receiving more aid than any nation except Israel. This is not the first time that the world
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