The Struggle for democracy in Chile, 1982-1990 PDF
Preview The Struggle for democracy in Chile, 1982-1990
o Latin American Studies Series Series Editors Michael C. Meyer John D. Martz Miguel León-Portilla After a decade of dictatorship, the resurrection of democratic forces in Chile began with the debt crisis and recession of the early 1980s. Mass demonstrations erupted and political parties revived with unexpected vigor despite the repression of General Augusto Pin ochet’s regime. The United States pressed for democratization. In 1988, to the astonishment of the world, Pinochet allowed his op ponents to win an honest plebiscite and accepted the resulting transition to democracy. The Struggle for Democracy in Chile, 1982- 1990 is the first book to discuss in comprehensive detail that un usual transition. Showing the evolution and erosion of the military dictatorship over two decades, it concludes with the installation of Patricio Aylwin as the democratically elected president in 1990. Here, eleven-leading experts examine how the most significant so cial and political sectors reacted to liberalization in the 1980s, and how the opposition took advantage of the dictatorship’s own legality to bring about an end to authoritarian rule. The Struggle for Democracy in Chile, 1982-1990 Edited by Paul W. Drake and Ivan Jaksic University of Nebraska Press Lincoln and London Copyright © 1991 by the Resistance to—Chile—History— University of Nebraska Press 20th century—Congresses. 4. Civil- All rights reserved military relations—Chile— Manufactured in the United History—20th century— States of America Congresses. 5. Representative government and representation— The paper in this book meets the Chile—History—20th century— minimum requirements of Congresses. I. Drake, Paul W., 1944-. American National Standard for II. Jaksic, Ivan, 1954-. III. Information Sciences— University of California, San Diego. Permanence of Paper for Printed Center for Iberian and Latin Library Materials, American Studies. IV. University of ansi z39.48-1984. California, Berkeley. Center for Latin American Studies. V. Institute Library of Congress Cataloging-in- of the Americas. VI. Series. Publication Data F3100.S86 1991 983.06'5—dc20 The Struggle for democracy in 91-7216 Chile, 1982-1990 / edited by Paul CIP W. Drake and Ivan Jaksic. p. cm. — (Latin American studies series) Papers presented at a conference held in March 1989 which was sponsored by the Center for Iberian and Latin American Studies at the University of California-San Diego, the Center for Latin American Studies at the University of California-Berkeley, and the Institute of the Americas in La Jolla. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 0-8032-1691-2 (cloth). — isbn 0-8032-6588-3 (pbk.) 1. Chile—Politics and government—1973---Congresses. 2. Authoritarianism—Chile— History—20th century— Congresses. 3. Government, This book is dedicated to our children: Joshua, Elizabeth, and Katherine Drake, and Ilse Jaksic Contents Preface, ix Part II: The Regime's Opponents List of Abbreviations, xiii MARÍA ELENA VALENZUELA PAUL W. DRAKE and IVÂN JAKSÎC The Evolving Roles of Women Introduction: Transformation under Military Rule, 161 and Transition ALAN ANGELL in Chile, 1982-1990, 1 Unions and Workers in Chile Part I: The Regime's Supporters during the 1980s, 188 ARTURO VALENZUELA MANUEL ANTONIO GARRETON The Military in Power: The Political Opposition The Consolidation and the Party System of One-Man Rule, 21 under the Military Regime, 211 AUGUSTO VARAS CARLOS PORTALES The Crisis of Legitimacy External Factors and of Military Rule in the 1980s, 73 the Authoritarian Regime, 251 EDUARDO SILVA FELIPE LARRAIN B. The Political Economy of The Economic Challenges Chile's Regime Transition: of Democratic Development, 276 From Radical to "Pragmatic" Selected Bibliography, 303 Neo-liberal Policies, 98 The Contributors, 309 GUILLERMO CAMPERO Index, 311 Entrepreneurs under the Military Regime, 128
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