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Story of My Life, by Helen Keller 1
Story of My Life, by Helen Keller
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Story of My Life
by Helen Keller
November, 2000 [Etext #2397]
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THE STORY OF MY LIFE BY HELEN KELLER WITH HER LETTERS (1887-1901) AND A
SUPPLEMENTARY ACCOUNT OF HER EDUCATION, INCLUDING PASSAGES FROM THE
REPORTS AND LETTERS OF HER TEACHER, ANNE MANSFIELD SULLIVAN By John Albert Macy
Special Edition, Illustrated CONTAINING ADDITIONAL CHAPTERS BY HELEN KELLER
To ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL
Who has taught the deaf to speak and enabled the listening ear to hear speech from the Atlantic to the
Rockies, I dedicate this Story of My Life.
Editor's Preface This book is in three parts. The first two, Miss Keller's story and the extracts from her letters,
form a complete account of her life as far as she can give it. Much of her education she cannot explain herself,
and since a knowledge of that is necessary to an understanding of what she has written, it was thought best to
supplement her autobiography with the reports and letters of her teacher, Miss Anne Mansfield Sullivan. The
addition of a further account of Miss Keller's personality and achievements may be unnecessary; yet it will
help to make clear some of the traits of her character and the nature of the work which she and her teacher
have done.
For the third part of the book the Editor is responsible, though all that is valid in it he owes to authentic
records and to the advice of Miss Sullivan.
The Editor desires to express his gratitude and the gratitude of Miss Keller and Miss Sullivan to The Ladies'
Home Journal and to its editors, Mr. Edward Bok and Mr. William V. Alexander, who have been unfailingly
kind and have given for use in this book all the photographs which were taken expressly for the Journal; and
the Editor thanks Miss Keller's many friends who have lent him her letters to them and given him valuable
information; especially Mrs. Laurence Hutton, who supplied him with her large collection of notes and
anecdotes; Mr. John Hitz, Superintendent of the Volta Bureau for the Increase and Diffusion of Knowledge
relating to the Deaf; and Mrs. Sophia C. Hopkins, to whom Miss Sullivan wrote those illuminating letters, the
Part I. The Story of My Life Chapter I-XXIII 6
extracts from which give a better idea of her methods with her pupil than anything heretofore published.
Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin and Company have courteously permitted the reprinting of Miss Keller's letter to
Dr. Holmes, which appeared in "Over the Teacups," and one of Whittier's letters to Miss Keller. Mr. S. T.
Pickard, Whittier's literary executor, kindly sent the original of another letter from Miss Keller to Whittier.
John Albert Macy. Cambridge, Massachusetts, February 1, 1903.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Editor's Preface
Part I. The Story of My Life Chapter I-XXIII
II. Introduction to Letters, Letters III. A Supplementary Account of Helen Keller's Life and
Education
Chapter I. 7
Chapter I.
The Writing of the Book II. Personality III. Education IV. Speech V. Literary Style
Part I. The Story of My Life
Chapter I 8
Chapter I
It is with a kind of fear that I begin to write the history of my life. I have, as it were, a superstitious hesitation
in lifting the veil that clings about my childhood like a golden mist. The task of writing an autobiography is a
difficult one. When I try to classify my earliest impressions, I find that fact and fancy look alike across the
years that link the past with the present. The woman paints the child's experiences in her own fantasy. A few
impressions stand out vividly from the first years of my life; but "the shadows of the prison-house are on the
rest." Besides, many of the joys and sorrows of childhood have lost their poignancy; and many incidents of
vital importance in my early education have been forgotten in the excitement of great discoveries. In order,
therefore, not to be tedious I shall try to present in a series of sketches only the episodes that seem to me to be
the most interesting and important.
I was born on June 27, 1880, in Tuscumbia, a little town of northern Alabama.
The family on my father's side is descended from Caspar Keller, a native of Switzerland, who settled in
Maryland. One of my Swiss ancestors was the first teacher of the deaf in Zurich and wrote a book on the
subject of their education--rather a singular coincidence; though it is true that there is no king who has not had
a slave among his ancestors, and no slave who has not had a king among his.
My grandfather, Caspar Keller's son, "entered" large tracts of land in Alabama and finally settled there. I have
been told that once a year he went from Tuscumbia to Philadelphia on horseback to purchase supplies for the
plantation, and my aunt has in her possession many of the letters to his family, which give charming and vivid
accounts of these trips.
My Grandmother Keller was a daughter of one of Lafayette's aides, Alexander Moore, and granddaughter of
Alexander Spotswood, an early Colonial Governor of Virginia. She was also second cousin to Robert E. Lee.
My father, Arthur H. Keller, was a captain in the Confederate Army, and my mother, Kate Adams, was his
second wife and many years younger. Her grandfather, Benjamin Adams, married Susanna E. Goodhue, and
lived in Newbury, Massachusetts, for many years. Their son, Charles Adams, was born in Newburyport,
Massachusetts, and moved to Helena, Arkansas. When the Civil War broke out, he fought on the side of the
South and became a brigadier-general. He married Lucy Helen Everett, who belonged to the same family of
Everetts as Edward Everett and Dr. Edward Everett Hale. After the war was over the family moved to
Memphis, Tennessee.
I lived, up to the time of the illness that deprived me of my sight and hearing, in a tiny house consisting of a
large square room and a small one, in which the servant slept. It is a custom in the South to build a small
house near the homestead as an annex to be used on occasion. Such a house my father built after the Civil
War, and when he married my mother they went to live in it. It was completely covered with vines, climbing
roses and honeysuckles. From the garden it looked like an arbour. The little porch was hidden from view by a
screen of yellow roses and Southern smilax. It was the favourite haunt of humming-birds and bees.
The Keller homestead, where the family lived, was a few steps from our little rose-bower. It was called "Ivy
Green" because the house and the surrounding trees and fences were covered with beautiful English ivy. Its
old-fashioned garden was the paradise of my childhood.
Even in the days before my teacher came, I used to feel along the square stiff boxwood hedges, and, guided by
the sense of smell would find the first violets and lilies. There, too, after a fit of temper, I went to find comfort
and to hide my hot face in the cool leaves and grass. What joy it was to lose myself in that garden of flowers,
to wander happily from spot to spot, until, coming suddenly upon a beautiful vine, I recognized it by its leaves
and blossoms, and knew it was the vine which covered the tumble-down summer-house at the farther end of
the garden! Here, also, were trailing clematis, drooping jessamine, and some rare sweet flowers called
Chapter I 9
butterfly lilies, because their fragile petals resemble butterflies' wings. But the roses--they were loveliest of
all. Never have I found in the greenhouses of the North such heart-satisfying roses as the climbing roses of my
southern home. They used to hang in long festoons from our porch, filling the whole air with their fragrance,
untainted by any earthy smell; and in the early morning, washed in the dew, they felt so soft, so pure, I could
not help wondering if they did not resemble the asphodels of God's garden.
The beginning of my life was simple and much like every other little life. I came, I saw, I conquered, as the
first baby in the family always does. There was the usual amount of discussion as to a name for me. The first
baby in the family was not to be lightly named, every one was emphatic about that. My father suggested the
name of Mildred Campbell, an ancestor whom he highly esteemed, and he declined to take any further part in
the discussion. My mother solved the problem by giving it as her wish that I should be called after her mother,
whose maiden name was Helen Everett. But in the excitement of carrying me to church my father lost the
name on the way, very naturally, since it was one in which he had declined to have a part. When the minister
asked him for it, he just remembered that it had been decided to call me after my grandmother, and he gave
her name as Helen Adams.
I am told that while I was still in long dresses I showed many signs of an eager, self-asserting disposition.
Everything that I saw other people do I insisted upon imitating. At six months I could pipe out "How d'ye,"
and one day I attracted every one's attention by saying "Tea, tea, tea" quite plainly. Even after my illness I
remembered one of the words I had learned in these early months. It was the word "water," and I continued to
make some sound for that word after all other speech was lost. I ceased making the sound "wah-wah" only
when I learned to spell the word.
They tell me I walked the day I was a year old. My mother had just taken me out of the bath-tub and was
holding me in her lap, when I was suddenly attracted by the flickering shadows of leaves that danced in the
sunlight on the smooth floor. I slipped from my mother's lap and almost ran toward them. The impulse gone, I
fell down and cried for her to take me up in her arms.
These happy days did not last long. One brief spring, musical with the song of robin and mocking-bird, one
summer rich in fruit and roses, one autumn of gold and crimson sped by and left their gifts at the feet of an
eager, delighted child. Then, in the dreary month of February, came the illness which closed my eyes and ears
and plunged me into the unconsciousness of a new-born baby. They called it acute congestion of the stomach
and brain. The doctor thought I could not live. Early one morning, however, the fever left me as suddenly and
mysteriously as it had come. There was great rejoicing in the family that morning, but no one, not even the
doctor, knew that I should never see or hear again.
I fancy I still have confused recollections of that illness. I especially remember the tenderness with which my
mother tried to soothe me in my waling hours of fret and pain, and the agony and bewilderment with which I
awoke after a tossing half sleep, and turned my eyes, so dry and hot, to the wall away from the once-loved
light, which came to me dim and yet more dim each day. But, except for these fleeting memories, if, indeed,
they be memories, it all seems very unreal, like a nightmare. Gradually I got used to the silence and darkness
that surrounded me and forgot that it had ever been different, until she came--my teacher--who was to set my
spirit free. But during the first nineteen months of my life I had caught glimpses of broad, green fields, a
luminous sky, trees and flowers which the darkness that followed could not wholly blot out. If we have once
seen, "the day is ours, and what the day has shown."