Table Of Content

THE STOIC SAGE After Plato and Aristotle, the Stoics, from the third century bce onwards, developedthethirdgreatclassicalconceptionofwisdom.Thisbookoffersa reconstruction ofthispivotalnotion inStoicism,starting outfrom thetwo extantStoicdefinitions,‘knowledgeofhumananddivinematters’and‘fitting expertise’. It focuses not only on the question of what they understood by wisdom, but also on how wisdom can be achieved, how difficult it is to become a sage, and how this difficulty can be explained. The answers to these questions are based on a fresh investigation of the evidence, with all centraltextsofferedintheoriginalGreekorLatin,aswellasintranslation. TheStoicSagecanthusalsoserveasasourcebookonStoicwisdom,which should be invaluable to specialists and to anyone interested in one of the cornerstonesoftheGraeco-Romanclassicaltradition. rene´ brouwer isalecturerattheUniversityofUtrecht,whereheteaches on law and philosophy in the Faculty of Law. He works on theory of law andtopicsinancientphilosophy,withaspecialfocusonStoicism,itsorigins andreception,andthetraditionofnaturallaw. cambridge classical studies Generaleditors r. l. hunter, r. g. osborne, m. millett, d. n. sedley, g. c. horrocks, s. p. oakley, w. m. beard AelbertCuyp,HerdsmenwithCows Source:DulwichPictureGallery,bypermissionoftheTrusteesofDulwich PictureGallery THE STOIC SAGE The Early Stoics onWisdom, Sagehood and Socrates RENÉ BROUWER UniversityPrintingHouse,Cambridgecb28bs,UnitedKingdom PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learningandresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107024212 ©FacultyofClassics,UniversityofCambridge2014 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2014 PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyClays,StIvesplc AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata Brouwer,René. TheStoicSage:TheEarlyStoicsonWisdom,SagehoodandSocrates/RenéBrouwer. pagescm– (CambridgeClassicalStudies) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindexes. isbn978-1-107-02421-2(Hardback:alk.paper) 1. Stoics. 2. Wisdom. 3. Socrates. I. Title. B528.B7352013 188–dc23 2013028613 isbn978-1-107-02421-2Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication, anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. CONTENTS Frontispiece: Aelbert Cuyp, Herdsmen with Cows page iv Preface ix Introduction 1 1 Two definitions 7 1.1 Introduction 7 1.2 Thefirstdefinition 8 1.2.1 Theattribution 9 1.2.2 Itsmeaning 18 1.3 Theseconddefinition 41 1.3.1 Twosources 41 1.3.2 Itsmeaning 43 1.4 Conclusion 49 2 The change 51 2.1 Introduction 51 2.2 ThecharacteristicsintheSynopsis 54 2.2.1 Instantaneous 56 2.2.2 Theoppositestates 57 2.2.3 Theradicalchange 68 2.3 Unnoticed 79 2.4 Conclusion 89 3 Sagehood 92 3.1 Introduction 92 3.2 TheargumentofAgainsttheProfessors7.432–5 93 3.2.1 Thedistinctionbetweentheinferiorperson andthesage 96 3.2.2 ‘Uptillnowthesagehasnotbeenfound’ 97 3.2.3 TheinferenceinSextusEmpiricus 112 3.2.4 TheStoics 114 3.3 Conclusion 134 4 Socrates 136 4.1 Introduction 136 4.2 Socraticinspiration 137 vii Contents 4.3 TheportraitintheApology 145 4.4 TheportraitinthePhaedrus 149 4.5 Asageafterall? 163 4.6 Theportraitsdebated 166 4.7 ASocraticdefinition 172 4.8 Conclusion 176 Conclusion 177 Select bibliography 180 Sigla 180 Primary literature 180 Secondary literature 189 General index 208 Index locorum 217 viii