The stimulated brain : cognitive enhancement using non-invasive brain stimulation PDF
Preview The stimulated brain : cognitive enhancement using non-invasive brain stimulation
THE STIMULATED BRAIN Cognitive Enhancement Using Non-invasive Brain Stimulation THE STIMULATED BRAIN Cognitive Enhancement Using Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Edited by R C K OI OHEN ADOSH DepartmentofExperimentalPsychology, UniversityofOxford,Oxford,UK AMSTERDAM (cid:129) BOSTON (cid:129) HEIDELBERG (cid:129) LONDON NEW YORK (cid:129) OXFORD (cid:129) PARIS (cid:129) SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO (cid:129) SINGAPORE (cid:129) SYDNEY (cid:129) TOKYO Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier 32JamestownRoad,LondonNW17BY,UK 225WymanStreet,Waltham,MA02451,USA 525BStreet,Suite1800,SanDiego,CA92101-4495,USA Copyright©2014ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved Exceptchapter9whichisinthepublicdomain Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedin anyformorbyanymeanselectronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher PermissionsmaybesoughtdirectlyfromElsevier’sScience&TechnologyRights DepartmentinOxford,UK:phone(+44)(0)1865843830;fax(+44)(0)1865853333; email:[email protected],visittheScienceandTechnologyBooks websiteatwww.elsevierdirect.com/rightsforfurtherinformation Notice Noresponsibilityisassumedbythepublisherforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsor propertyasamatterofproductsliability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseor operationofanymethods,products,instructionsorideascontainedinthematerialherein. Becauseofrapidadvancesinthemedicalsciences,inparticular,independentverification ofdiagnosesanddrugdosagesshouldbemade BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress ISBN:978-0-12-404704-4 ForinformationonallAcademicPresspublications visitourwebsiteatelsevierdirect.com TypesetbySPiGlobal,India PrintedandboundinChina 14 15 16 17 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Dedication To my fatherMordechai, a man with aspark Contributors AndreaAntal Georg-August-University,DepartmentofClinicalNeurophysiol- ogy,Go¨ttingen,Germany SouhileAssaf MedtrodeInc.,London,Ontario,CanadaandXLRImagingUnit 116,StillerCentre,London,Ontario,Canada MaromBikson DepartmentofBiomedicalEngineering,TheCityCollegeofNew YorkofCUNY,NewYork,NY,USA PauloBoggio SocialandCognitiveNeuroscienceLaboratory,CenterforHealth andBiologicalSciences,MackenziePresbyterianUniversity,Sa˜oPaulo,Brazil AndreBrunoni CenterforClinicalandEpidemiologicalResearch&Interdisci- plinaryCenterforAppliedNeuromodulation,UniversityHospital,andUniver- sityofSa˜oPauloMedicalSchool,UniversityofSa˜oPaulo,Sa˜oPaulo,Brazil LeilaChaieb ClinicforEpileptology,UniversityClinicofBonn,Bonn,Germany LeonardoG.Cohen HumanCorticalPhysiologyandStrokeNeurorehabilitation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National InstitutesofHealth,Bethesda,MD,USA Roi Cohen Kadosh Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford,Oxford,UK Jose´ Mar´ıa Delgado-Garcı´a Division of Neurosciences, University of Pablo de Olavide,Seville,Spain PaulElliott SchoolofHumanities,UniversityofDerby,Derby,UK Shirley Fecteau Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Re´adaptation et Inte´gration Sociale, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Sante´ Mentale de Que´bec, Medical School, Laval University, Que´bec, Canada and Berenson-AllenCenterforNoninvasiveBrainStimulation,BethIsraelDeaconess MedicalCenter,HarvardMedicalSchool,HarvardUniversity,Boston,MA Roberta Ferrucci Centro Clinico per la Neurostimolazione, le Neurotecnologie ediDisordinidelMovimento,FondazioneIRCCSCa’Granda,OspedaleMag- giore Policlinico, Milan, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico- ChirurgicaedeiTrapianti,Universita` degliStudidiMilano,Milan,Italy GereonR.Fink CognitiveNeuroscience,InstituteofNeuroscienceandMedicine (INM3),ResearchCenterJuelich,Juelich,Germany;andDepartmentofNeurol- ogy,UniversityofCologne,Germany Nicholas S. Fitz National Core for Neuroethics, The University of British Columbia,Vancouver,BC,Canada xiii xiv CONTRIBUTORS Felipe Fregni Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Department of Physical Medi- cineandRehabilitation,SpauldingRehabilitationHospitalandMassachusetts GeneralHospital,HarvardMedicalSchool,Boston,MA,USA Brita Fritsch Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Department of Neurology, Freiburg,Germany ManuelaFumagalli CentroClinicoperlaNeurostimolazione,leNeurotecnolo- gie ed i Disordini del Movimento, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale MaggiorePoliclinico,Milan,Italy NigelGebodh LaboratoryofNeuromodulation,DepartmentofPhysicalMedi- cineandRehabilitation,SpauldingRehabilitationHospitalandMassachusetts GeneralHospital,HarvardMedicalSchool,Boston,MA,USAandDepartment ofBiomedicalEngineering,TheCityCollegeoftheCityUniversityofNewYork, NewYork,NY,USA Agne`sGruart DivisionofNeurosciences,UniversityofPablodeOlavide,Seville, Spain BerkanGuleyupoglu DepartmentofBiomedicalEngineering,TheCityCollege oftheCityUniversityofNewYork,NewYork,NY,USA MaikeD. Hesse Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medi- cine (INM3), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany; and Department of Neurology,UniversityofCologne,Germany AntoineHone-Blanchet CentreInterdisciplinairedeRechercheenRe´adaptation etInte´grationSociale,CentredeRecherchedel’InstitutUniversitaireenSante´ MentaledeQue´bec,MedicalSchool,LavalUniversity,Que´bec,Canada FriedhelmC.Hummel BrainImagingandNeuro-Stimulation(BINS)Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany and Favoloro University, Medical School, Buenos Aires, Argentina JosephKerr XLRImagingUnit116,StillerCentre,London,Ontario,Canada BeatrixKrause DepartmentofExperimentalPsychology,UniversityofOxford, Oxford,UK Michal Lavidor Department of Psychology, and The Gonda Multidisciplinary BrainResearchCenter,BarIlanUniversity,RamatGan,Israel Roc´ıo Leal-Campanario Division of Neurosciences, University of Pablo de Olavide,Seville,Spain Neil Levy Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and Oxford Centre for Neuroethics, University of Oxford, Oxford,UK ChungYenLooi DepartmentofExperimentalPsychology,UniversityofOxford, Oxford,UK FrancescaMameli CentroClinicoperlaNeurostimolazione,leNeurotecnologie ed i Disordini del Movimento, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale MaggiorePoliclinico,Milan,Italy xv CONTRIBUTORS JavierMa´rquez-Ruiz DivisionofNeurosciences,UniversityofPablodeOlavide, Seville,Spain Preet Minhas Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of NewYorkofCUNY,NewYork,NY,USA Ingrid Moreno-Duarte Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and MassachusettsGeneralHospital,HarvardMedicalSchool,Boston,MA,USA Abhilash Nair Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of NewYorkofCUNY,NewYork,NY,USA WalterPaulus Georg-August-University,DepartmentofClinicalNeurophysiol- ogy,Go¨ttingen,Germany GeorgePrichard Albert-Ludwigs-UniversityFreiburg,DepartmentofNeurology, Freiburg,GermanyandInstituteofCognitiveNeuroscience,UCL,London,UK AlbertoPriori CentroClinicoperlaNeurostimolazione,leNeurotecnologieedi Disordini del Movimento, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica edeiTrapianti,Universita` degliStudidiMilano,Milan,Italy Davide Reato Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the CityUniversityofNewYork,NewYork,NY,USA Peter B. Reiner National Core for Neuroethics, The University of British Columbia,Vancouver,BC,Canada Janine Reis Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Department of Neurology, Freiburg,Germany GiulioRuffini StarlabBarcelonaSL,Barcelona,Spain CatarinaSaiote Georg-August-University,DepartmentofClinicalNeurophysi- ology,Go¨ttingen,Germany Marco Sandrini Human Cortical Physiology and Stroke Neurorehabilitation Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA and Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine at Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda,MD,USA JulianSavulescu OxfordCentreforNeuroethics,UniversityofOxford,Oxford,UK PedroSchestatsky LaboratoryofNeuromodulation,DepartmentofPhysicalMed- icine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts GeneralHospital,HarvardMedicalSchool,Boston,MA,USAandProgramade Po´s-Graduac¸a˜oemCieˆnciasMe´dicasdaUniversidadeFederaldoRioGrande doSul,Brasil;Coordenac¸a˜odeAperfeic¸oamentodePessoaldeN´ıvelSuperior (CAPES),Brazil Tal Sela Department of Psychology, and The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain ResearchCenter,BarIlanUniversity,RamatGan,Israel Charlotte J. Stagg Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), DepartmentofClinicalNeurosciences,UniversityofOxford,Oxford,UK xvi CONTRIBUTORS Dennis Truong Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of NewYorkofCUNY,NewYork,NY,USA FabriceWendling INSERM,Rennes,FranceandUniversite´ deRennes,Rennes, France Maximo Zimerman Brain Imaging and Neuro-Stimulation (BINS) Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany andInstituteofCognitiveNeurology(INECO),BuenosAires,Argentina Preface In2007,Isatinmyofficethinkingabouthowtoconductaresearchpro- jectwhichwouldcombinebrainstimulationwithdailycognitivetraining. I was compelled to put it aside, as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), the most known method for non-invasive brain stimulation, is notrecommendedtobeappliedonadailybasis,andcausesmilddiscom- fort, which is not optimal for cognitive training. When a colleague returnedfromaresearchvisittoGo¨ttingenandtoldmeabouthiscollab- oration on a project that involved transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)andtranscranialalternatingcurrentstimulation(tACS),Iimmedi- atelyknewthatthesemethodscouldbetheperfecttoolstogetmyresearch finally on the way. Indeed, not many people had heard back then about transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) methods such as tDCS or tACS, and when scientists in the field used to tell their colleagues about their workwithtES,thePavlovianresponseusuallywas“so,youareworking with TMS ...” Therefore,itiswithgreatenthusiasmthatIpresentTheStimulatedBrain, the first book that focuseson the key aspects of tES in experimental and clinical research. It details the most important mechanistic advances and discusses the impact of these findings for clinical and basic researchers, while also providing a prospective for the future research, translation, andapplicationofthesemethods. Althoughpartsofthesetopicshavebeenpresentedinafewbooks,itis important to bring them together in a volume that focuses on tES in its own right. In fact, tES research is no longer esoteric. People in diverse fieldsareworkingwiththistool,andinterestintESisgrowingintoexcel- lentandexcitinglinesofresearchallaroundtheworld.Itattractsattention fromtheresearchcommunityandthepublic,asitencompassestherealms ofbothbasicscienceandclinicalviewpoints,anditsimplicationscango beyond these to thehealthypopulation. ThefirstpartofthebookisdevotedtothebasicknowledgeoftES,from afascinatingfirstchapteronitshistory,toacomprehensiveintroduction ofthedifferentmethodsinuse,toafreshinsightonsafetyatthephysical andpsychologicallevel,aswellasmodelingwork,animalstudies,andthe physiologicalbases.Myexpectationisthatthesechapterswillnotonlybe of interest to scientists who are already working with tES, but will also offer a good kick-start to those who are less familiar with it but want to increase their knowledge and possibly to use this tool in their future xvii xviii PREFACE research.InthisrespectI,withthehelpoftheauthorsofthevariouschap- ters,havemadealleffortstoensurethatthechaptersinthissectionandin theotherpartsinthebookareaccessibletoallthosefromthevariousfields of medicine, psychology, neuroscience, physiology, pharmacology, and biochemistry. Following this introduction, the second part of the book focuses on researchonthetypicalbrainandhowitsmodulationusingtEShasbeen showntoimprovevariousfunctions,includingsensory,motor,memory, and high-level cognitive functions such as executive function, attention, mathematics,andlanguage.Thethirdsectionisdedicatedtostudiesthat have aimed to improve functions in the atypical brain. These chapters include work on neurological disorders such as stroke, dysfunctions in the elderly, and psychiatric illnesses. The final section concludes with chapters that discuss future perspectives, including commercialization, neuroethics,theapplicationoftESinthefieldofeducation,andaconclud- ing chapter on the future usage oftES andits challenges. Thisbookcouldhavenotbeenproducedbymyselfalone,andIamhon- oredandprivilegedtohaveengagedscientistswhosevaluablecontribu- tions have advanced and elucidated these areas of research. These researchershavepavedthewaytoseveralofthemostrelevantdiscoveries in the field, and have provided excellent chapters that provide state-of- the-art knowledge. Undoubtedly, as much as I wanted to, I could not cover all topics or involve all researchers in the field in this volume, and some of those who did not contribute to this book as authors were courteous enough to serve as reviewers and provide excellent feedback that improved the chapters in this book. I wish to thank all the authors for their contributions, which also increased my knowledge of the field. I would also like to thank the reviewers whogavetheir timetoprovide excellentfeedbackforthevar- ious chapters. I am grateful to Mica Haley, the acquisitions editor at Elsevier,forherbrilliantideaandoffertoeditthisbook,andtoAprilFarr, the Editorial Project Manager, for all the support during the various stagesofthisproject.ThanksareduetotheWellcomeTrustforitssupport, which allowed me to complete this book. Finally, I would like to thank themembersofmylaboratory,mywifeKathrin,andmychildrenJonathan andItamarfortheirpatienceandsupport. I trust that this book provides a valuable contribution in promoting futurediscoveries,providingmaterialforcriticaldiscussions,andeducat- ingreadersaboutthisfascinatingandpromisingfield.Iamsurethatthis bookwillbestimulating. Roi Cohen Kadosh
The list of books you might like
