The Statesman’s Yearbook: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World 2004

2102 Pages·15.674 MB·English

by  Barry Turner (eds.)

THE STATESMAN’S YEARBOOK
2004
Statesmen are but men; and more than in any other calling, they embody
the defects of their merits. The imperious leader who appears to dictate the
future is at the mercy of unpredictable events and the impersonal forces of
history; at the mercy too of the hesitations and doubts of those he has to
trust to carry out his commands. On the other hand, the sagacious, rational
conciliators see their humane plans swept aside by crude demagogues, and
are unable, precisely because they appeal to reason, to defeat the emotional
slogans of opponents who know how to play on the prejudice of their
compatriots.
Noel Annan, Changing Enemies.
Editors
Frederick Martin 1864–1883
Sir John Scott-Keltie 1883–1926
Mortimer Epstein 1927–1946
S. H. Steinberg 1946–1969
John Paxton 1969–1990
Brian Hunter 1990–1997
Barry Turner 1997–1997
Credits
Publisher Alison Jones (London)
Garrett Kiely (New York)
Editor Barry Turner
Editorial Assistants Jill Fenner
Jeni Giffen
Research Editor Nicholas Heath-Brown
Research Andrew Clarke
Daniel Bunyard
Nicola Varns
Anna Brattström
Richard German
Clive Carpenter
Martha Nyman
Natasha Martin
Daniel Smith
Index Richard German
Production Darren Smith
Michael Card
Marketing Nathan Gaw (London)
Andrea Lansing (New York)
THE
STATESMAN’S
YEARBOOK
THE POLITICS, CULTURES AND
ECONOMIES OF THE WORLD
2004
EDITED BY
BARRY TURNER
© Palgrave Macmillan Ltd 2003
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2003 978-0-333-98097-2
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this
publication may be made without written permission.
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save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the
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permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90
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Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication
may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
Published annually since 1864
This edition published 2003 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN
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175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y.10010
Companies and representatives throughout the world
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave
Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.
Macmillan®is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom
and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European
Union and other countries.
ISBN 978-0-230-27132-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9780230271326
ISSN 0081—4601
Acatalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Data available
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 19
12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03
Typeset by Penrose Typography, Maidstone
CONTENTS
TIME ZONES MAPFront Endpaper
KEYWORLD FACTSxv
ISO COUNTRYCODES xvi
CHRONOLOGYxxi
ADDENDAxxxv
Part I: International Organizations
Page
Has NATO a Future? by Alyson Bailes 3
THE UNITED NATIONS (UN) 8
General Assembly 9
Security Council 10
Economic and Social Council 10
Trusteeship Council 12
International Court of Justice 12
Secretariat 13
Member States 14
UNIVERSALDECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS 16
NOBELPRIZES 19
UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM 20
Operational Programmes and Funds 20
Training and Research Institutes 23
Information 24
SPECIALIZED AGENCIES OF THE UN 25
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 25
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) 26
International Development Association (IDA) 27
International Finance Corporation (IFC) 28
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) 28
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) 28
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 29
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) 29
International Labour Organization (ILO) 30
International Maritime Organization (IMO) 31
International Monetary Fund (IMF) 32
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 34
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 35
UN Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) 36
Universal Postal Union (UPU) 37
World Health Organization (WHO) 37
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) 39
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 41
OTHER ORGANS RELATED TO THE UN 42
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 42
World Trade Organization (WTO) 42
World Tourism Organization (WTO) 44
Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
Organization (CTBTO) 44
Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) 45
International Criminal Court (ICC) 45
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATYORGANIZATION(NATO) 46
v
CONTENTS
BANK FOR INTERNATIONALSETTLEMENTS (BIS) 49
ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND
DEVELOPMENT(OECD) 50
Europe
EUROPEAN UNION(EU) 52
EU INSTITUTIONS 57
European Commission 57
Council of the European Union (Council of Ministers) 57
The European Council 59
European Parliament 59
Court of Justice of the European Communities 60
European Court of Auditors 60
European Ombudsman 60
European Investment Bank 60
European System of Central Banks 61
The Consultative Bodies 61
Statistical Office of the European Communities (Eurostat) 61
EU AGENCIES AND OTHER BODIES 62
Community Plant Variety Office 62
European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products 62
European Agency for Reconstruction 62
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work 62
European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training 62
European Environment Agency 62
European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions 63
European Investment Fund 63
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction 63
European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia 63
European Training Foundation 63
Europol 63
Office for Harmonisation in the Internal Market 63
Translation Centre for Bodies of the European Union 64
European Food Safety Agency 64
COUNCILOF EUROPE 64
WESTERN EUROPEAN UNION (WEU) 67
ORGANIZATION FOR SECURITYAND CO-OPERATION IN EUROPE
(OSCE) 69
EUROPEAN BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT
(EBRD) 70
EUROPEAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION (EFTA) 71
EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY(ESA) 72
CERN—THE EUROPEAN LABORATORYFOR PARTICLE PHYSICS 72
CENTRALEUROPEAN INITIATIVE (CEI) 73
THE NORDIC COUNCIL 73
NORDIC DEVELOPMENTFUND 73
NORDIC INVESTMENTBANK 73
COUNCILOF THE BALTIC SEASTATES 74
EUROPEAN BROADCASTING UNION (EBU) 74
BLACK SEAECONOMIC CO-OPERATION GROUP(BSEC) 75
DANUBE COMMISSION 75
THE COMMONWEALTH 76
COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENTSTATES (CIS) 79
vi
CONTENTS
Americas
ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES (OAS) 81
INTER-AMERICAN DEVELOPMENTBANK (IDB) 83
SECRETARIATFOR CENTRALAMERICAN ECONOMIC
INTEGRATION (SIECA) 84
CENTRALAMERICAN COMMON MARKET(CACM) 84
CENTRALAMERICAN BANK FOR ECONOMIC INTEGRATION (BCIE) 85
LATIN AMERICAN INTEGRATION ASSOCIATION (ALADI/LAIA) 85
LATIN AMERICAN ECONOMIC SYSTEM (SELA) 85
LATIN AMERICAN RESERVE FUND 86
THE ANDEAN COMMUNITY 86
SOUTHERN COMMON MARKET(MERCOSUR) 87
ASSOCIATION OF CARIBBEAN STATES (ACS) 87
CARIBBEAN COMMUNITY(CARICOM) 88
CARIBBEAN DEVELOPMENTBANK (CDB) 90
ORGANIZATION OF EASTERN CARIBBEAN STATES (OECS) 90
EASTERN CARIBBEAN CENTRALBANK (ECCB) 91
AGENCYFOR THE PROHIBITION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS
IN LATIN AMERICAAND THE CARIBBEAN (OPANAL) 91
Asia/Pacific
ASIAN DEVELOPMENTBANK 92
ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION ORGANIZATION (ECO) 92
COLOMBO PLAN 93
ASIA-PACIFIC ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION (APEC) 94
SECRETARIATOF THE PACIFIC COMMUNITY(SPC) 95
PACIFIC ISLANDS FORUM (PIF) 95
ASSOCIATION OF SOUTH EASTASIAN NATIONS (ASEAN) 96
Asean Mekong Basin Development Co-operation (Mekong Group) 97
SOUTH ASIAN ASSOCIATION FOR REGIONALCO-OPERATION (SAARC) 97
Middle East
LEAGUE OF ARAB STATES 98
ARAB FUND FOR ECONOMIC AND SOCIALDEVELOPMENT (AFESD) 99
ARAB MONETARYFUND (AMF) 100
GULF CO-OPERATION COUNCIL(GCC) 100
ORGANIZATION OF THE PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES (OPEC) 101
OPECFund for International Development 101
ORGANIZATION OF ARAB PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES
(OAPEC) 102
ARAB MAGHREB UNION 102
ARAB ORGANIZATION FOR AGRICULTURALDEVELOPMENT(AOAD) 103
Africa
AFRICAN UNION (AU) 103
AFRICAN DEVELOPMENTBANK 104
BANK OF CENTRALAFRICAN STATES (BEAC) 104
EASTAFRICAN DEVELOPMENTBANK (EADB) 104
WESTAFRICAN DEVELOPMENTBANK (BOAD) 105
CENTRALBANK OF WESTAFRICAN STATES (BCEAO) 105
AFRICAN EXPORT–IMPORTBANK (AFREXIMBANK) 106
vii
CONTENTS
ECONOMIC COMMUNITYOF CENTRALAFRICAN STATES (CEAAC) 106
ECONOMIC COMMUNITYOF WESTAFRICAN STATES (ECOWAS) 106
WESTAFRICAN MONETARYAND ECONOMIC UNION (UEMOA) 107
COMMON MARKETFOR EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA
(COMESA) 107
SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENTCOMMUNITY(SADC) 108
LAKE CHAD BASIN COMMISSION 108
NIGER BASIN AUTHORITY 109
EASTAFRICAN COMMUNITY 109
INTERGOVERNMENTALAUTHORITYON DEVELOPMENT 109
Other Organizations
WORLD COUNCILOF CHURCHES 110
UNREPRESENTED NATIONS AND PEOPLES ORGANIZATION (UNPO) 111
INTERNATIONALORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (IOM) 111
INTERNATIONALCOMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS (ICRC) 112
MÉDECINS SANS FRONTIÈRES (MSF) 113
AMNESTYINTERNATIONAL 114
INTERNATIONALSEABED AUTHORITY 114
ANTARCTIC TREATY 115
INTER-PARLIAMENTARYUNION (IPU) 116
INTERNATIONALINSTITUTE FOR DEMOCRACYAND
ELECTORALASSISTANCE (IDEA) 116
ORGANIZATION OF THE ISLAMIC CONFERENCE (OIC) 117
ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENTBANK 117
WORLD CUSTOMS ORGANIZATION 118
INTERPOL(INTERNATIONALCRIMINALPOLICE ORGANIZATION) 118
INTERNATIONALMOBILE SATELLITE ORGANIZATION (IMSO) 119
INTERNATIONALTELECOMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE
ORGANIZATION (ITSO) 119
INTERNATIONALAIR TRANSPORTASSOCIATION (IATA) 120
INTERNATIONALROAD FEDERATION (IRF) 120
INTERNATIONALCONFEDERATION OF FREE TRADE UNIONS (ICFTU) 120
WORLD FEDERATION OF TRADE UNIONS (WFTU) 121
EUROPEAN TRADE UNION CONFEDERATION (ETUC) 122
WORLD CONFEDERATION OF LABOUR (WCL) 122
THE INTERNATIONALORGANIZATION OF THE FRANCOPHONIE 123
INTERNATIONALORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION (ISO) 123
WORLD WIDE FUND FOR NATURE (WWF) 124
INTERNATIONALOLYMPIC COMMITTEE (IOC) 124
INTERNATIONALUNION AGAINSTCANCER (UICC) 125
Part II: Countries of the World A–Z
AFGHANISTAN 129 ARGENTINA 161
ALBANIA 136 ARMENIA 169
ALGERIA 142 AUSTRALIA 174
ANDORRA 148 Territories
ANGOLA 151 Australian Capital Territory 193
ANTIGUAAND BARBUDA 157 Northern Territory 196
viii
CONTENTS
States CENTRALAFRICAN REPUBLIC 427
New South Wales 201 CHAD 432
Queensland 208
CHILE 437
South Australia 213
CHINA,PEOPLE’S
Tasmania 217
REPUBLICOF 444
Victoria 222
Hong Kong 459
Western Australia 227
Macao 467
Australian External Territories Taiwan 470
Australian Antarctic Territory 234
COLOMBIA 477
Cocos (Keeling) Islands 234
Christmas Island 235 COMOROS 484
Norfolk Island 237 CONGO, DEMOCRATIC
Heard and McDonald Islands 238 REPUBLIC OF 488
Ashmore and Cartier Islands 239 CONGO, REPUBLIC OF 494
Coral Sea Islands 239 COSTARICA 499
AUSTRIA 240 CÔTE D’IVOIRE 504
AZERBAIJAN 249 CROATIA 510
Nakhichevan 254 CUBA 516
Nagorno-Karabakh 254
CYPRUS 523
BAHAMAS 255 ‘Turkish Republic of
BAHRAIN 260 Northern Cyprus’ 529
BANGLADESH 265 CZECH REPUBLIC 532
BARBADOS 272 DENMARK 540
BELARUS 277 Faroe Islands 550
Greenland 552
BELGIUM 283
DJIBOUTI 556
BELIZE 292
DOMINICA 560
BENIN 297
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 564
BHUTAN 302
EASTTIMOR 570
BOLIVIA 306
ECUADOR 573
BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA 312
EGYPT 579
BOTSWANA 317
BRAZIL 322 ELSALVADOR 587
BRUNEI 332 EQUATORIALGUINEA 592
BULGARIA 336 ERITREA 597
BURKINAFASO 343 ESTONIA 601
BURUNDI 348 ETHIOPIA 608
CAMBODIA 353 FIJI ISLANDS 614
CAMEROON 358 FINLAND 620
CANADA 363 FRANCE 632
Provinces 376 Overseas Departments
Alberta 377 French Guiana 650
British Columbia 381 Guadeloupe 652
Manitoba 385 Martinique 655
New Brunswick 388 Réunion 657
Newfoundland and Labrador 392 Departmental Collectivities
Nova Scotia 396 Mayotte 660
Ontario 400 Overseas Territories
Prince Edward Island 403 French Polynesia 668
Quebec 405 Southern and Antarctic
Saskatchewan 408 Territories 671
Territories Wallis and Futuna 672
Northwest Territories 411 Dependencies
Nunavut 414 Bassas da India 674
Yukon Territory 417 Clipperton Island 674
CAPE VERDE 422 Europa Island 674
ix