The Statesman’s Yearbook 2000: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World

2049 Pages·202.684 MB·English

by  Barry Turner (eds.)

THE STATESMAN'S YEARBOOK
2000
Nations are fast losing their nationality. The great
and increasing intercourse, the exchange of tashions
and uniformity of opinions by the diffusion of
literature are tast destroying those peculiarities
that formerly prevailed. We shall in time grow to
be very much one people, unless areturn to barbarism
throws us again into chaos.
Washington Irving, Journals and Notebooks.
October 1822
Credits
Publisher Sara L10yd (London)
Garrett Kiely (New York)
Editor Dr Barry Turner
Editorial Assistant JiII Fenner
Research Nicholas Heath-Brown
Daniel Smith
Micheie Roche
Lorraine Roche
Kenneth Hadley
Bridget Kinnersley
Faith Clark
Linus Nordquist
Sally Page
Richard Evans
Index Gary Hall
Marketing Alex Lankester
Catherine Jones
Production Jeremy Macdonald
Database Development/ Philip Meldrum
Administration Mark Wharram
THE
STATESMAN'S
YEARBOOK
THE POLITlCS, CULTURES AND
ECONOMIES OF THE WORLD
2000
A limited edition Centenary Collection
EDITED BY
BARRY TURNER
Additional material to this book ean be downloaded from
http://extras.springer.eom
ISBN 978-1-349-40733-0 ISBN 978-0-230-27128-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9780230271289
© Macmillan Reference Limited, 2000
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this
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Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication
may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages
Published annually since 1864
136th edition published in the United Kingdom by
MACMILLAN REFERENCE LIMITED, 2000
25 Eccleston PI ace, London, SWIW 9NF, UK
and Basingstoke
Associated companies throughout the world
ISBN 978-0-333-80181-9
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
http://www.macmillan-reference.co.uk
Published in the United States of America and Canada by
GROVE'S DICTIONARIES INC, 2000
345 Park Avenue South, 10th Floor, New Y ork, .
NY 10010-1707, USA
ISBN 978-1-56159-262-3
A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
http://www.grovereference.com
CONTENTS
CHRONOLOGY xv
ADDENDA xxix
Part I: International Organizations
Page
Nervous Breakdown: America and UN Reform by Rosemary Righter 3
THE UN[TED NAT[ONS (UN) 7
General Assembly 8
Security Council 9
Economic and Social Coundl 9
Trusteeship Council 1I
International Court of lustice I1
Secretariat 12
Member States 13
UN[VERSAL DECLARAT[ON OF HUMAN R[GHTS 16
lINITED NAT[ONS SYSTEM
Operational Programmes and Funds 19
Training and Research Institutes 22
Information 23
Chemical and Biological Weapon Proliferation by Jean Pascal Zanders 24
SPEC[AUZED AGENC[ES OF THE lIN
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 27
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) 28
International Development Association ODA) 29
International Finance Corporation (IFC) 30
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) 30
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) 30
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 31
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) 31
International Labour Organization (ILO) 32
International Maritime Organization ([MO) 33
International Monetary Fund (IMF) 34
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 36
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 37
International Bureau of Education (IBE) 38
UN Industrial Development Organization (UNIOO) 38
Universal Postal Union (UPu) 39
World Health Organil.ation (WHO) 39
World Intellectual Property Organization (WlPo) 42
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 43
OTHER ORGANS RELATED TO THE UN
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 44
International Seabed Authority (ISA) 45
World Trade Organization (WTO) 46
NORTH ATLANTlCTREATY ORGAN[ZATION (NATO) 47
BANK FOR [NTERNAT[ONAL SElTLEMENTS (B[S) 50
ORGAN[ZAT[ON FOR ECONOM[C CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD) 51
A Capital for Europe by Barry Turner 54
v
CONTENTS
Europe
EUROPEAN UNION (EU) 56
European Commission 57
The European Council 58
Council ofthe European Union (Council ofMinisters) 58
European Parliament 59
Court of Justice of the European Communities 60
Court of Auditors ofthe European Communities 60
The Consultative Bodies 64
European Investment Bank 64
European Monetary Institute 65
European Environment Agency 65
Europol 65
Statistical Office Of The European Communities (Eurostat ) 65
COUNCIL OF EU ROPE 66
WESTERN EUROPEAN UNION (WEU) 68
ORGANIZATION FOR SECURITY AND CO-OPERATION IN EUROPE (OSCE) 70
EUROPEAN BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT (EBRD) 72
EUROPEAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION (EFTA) 72
CERN-THE EUROPEAN LABORATORY FOR PARTICLE PHYSICS 74
CENTRAL EUROPEAN INITIATIVE (CE!) 74
THE NORDIC COUNCIL 74
COUNCIL OF BALTIC SEA STATES 75
EUROPEAN BROADCASTING UNION (EBU) 75
BLACK SEA ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION GROUP (BSEC) 75
DANUBE COMMISSION 76
THECOMMONWEALTH 76
COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT ST ATES (CIS) 80
Americas
ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES (OAS) 82
INTER-AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (lDB) 84
CENTRAL AMERICAN COMMON MARKET (CACM) 85
LATIN AMERICAN INTEGRATION ASSOCIATION (ALADI/LAIA) 85
THE ANDEAN COMMUNITY 86
SOUTHERN COMMON MARKET (MERCOSUR) 86
ASSOCIATION OF CARIBBEAN STATES (ACS) 87
CARIBBEAN COMMUNITY (CARICOM) 87
ORGANIZATION OF EASTERN CARIBBEAN ST ATES (OECS) 89
AsiaiPacific
ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK 90
ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION ORGANIZATION (ECO) 90
COLOMBO PLAN 91
ASIA-PACIFIC ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION (APEC) 92
THE PACIFIC COMMUNITY (SPC) 93
SOUTH PACIFIC FORUM (SPF) 94
ASSOCIATION OF SOUTH EAST ASIAN NATIONS (ASEAN) 95
Asean Mekong Basin Development Co-operation (Mekong Group) 96
SOUTH ASIAN ASSOCIATION FOR REGIONAL CO-OPERATION (SAARC) 96
vi
CONTENTS
Middle East
LEAGUE OF AR AB STATES 97
GULFCO-OPERATION COUNCIL 98
ORGANIZATION OF THE PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES (OPEC) 99
OPEC Fund for International Development 99
ARAB MAGHREB UNION 100
Africa
ORGANIZATION OF AFRICAN UNITY (OAU) 100
AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK 101
ECONOMIC COMMUNITY OF WEST AFRICAN STATES (ECOW AS) 101
COMMON M AR KET FOR EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA (COMESA) 10 I
SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY (SADC) \02
LAKE CHAD BASIN COMMISSION 103
Other Orgalli~ati()lls
WORLD COUNCIL OF CHURCHES 103
UNREPRESENTED NATIONS AND PEOPLES ORGANIZATION (UNPO) 104
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (10M) 105
INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OFTHE RED CROSS (ICRC) 105
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL 106
ORGANIZATION FOR THE PROHIBITION OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS (OPCW) 107
ANTARCTICTREATY 107
INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION (IPU) 108
ORGANIZATION OF THE ISLAMIC CONFERENCE (OIC) 108
WORLD CUSTOMS ORGANIZATJON 108
INTERPOL (INTERNATIONALCRIMINAL POLICE ORGANIZATION) 109
INTERNATIONAL MOBILE SATELLITE ORGANIZATION (IMSO) 110
INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE ORGANIZATION (INTELSAT) 110
INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION (JATA) 111
INTERNATIONAL ROAD FEDERATION (IRF) 111
INTERNATIONAL CONFEDERATION OF FREE TRADE UNIONS (IC1-TU) 111
WORLD FEDERATION OF TRADE UNIONS (WFTU) 112
WORLD CONFEDERATION OF LABOUR (WCL) 113
THE FRANCOPHONIE INSTITUTIONNELLE I 13
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION (ISO) 114
WORLD WIDE FUND FOR NATURE (WWF) 114
INTERNATIONAL UNION AGAINST CANCER (UICC) 115
Part 1/: Coulltries ofthe Warld A-Z
AFGHANIST AN 119 ARGENTINA 152
ALBANIA 124 ARMENIA 160
ALGERIA 132 AUSTRALlA 165
ANDORRA 139 Territories
ANGOLA 142 Australian Capital Territory 186
ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA 148 Northern Territory 189
vii
CONTENTS
States CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC 424
New South Wales 193 CHAD 429
Queensland 200 CHILE 434
South Australia 206 CHINA, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF 441
Tasmania 210 Hong Kong 455
Victoria 215
Macao 461
Western Australia 221
Taiwan 464
Australian External Territories
COLOMBIA 472
Australian Antartic Territory 229
COMOROS 479
Cocos (Keeling) Islands 229
Christmas Island 230 CONGO, Democratic Republic of 483
Norfolk Island 231 CONGO, Republic of 489
Heard and McDonald Islands 233 COSTARICA 494
Ashmore and Cartier Islands 233 COTE D'IVOIRE 499
Coral Sea Islands 233 CROATIA 505
AUSTRIA 234 CUBA 510
AZERBAIJAN 242 CYPRUS 517
'Turkish Republic of
BAHAMAS 248 Northern Cyprus' 523
BAHRAIN 253 CZECH REPUBLIC 525
BANGLADESH 258 DENMARK 533
BARBADOS 265 Faroe Islands 544
Greenland 545
BELARUS 270
DJIBOUTI 550
BELGIUM 276 DOMINICA 554
BELIZE 286
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 558
BENIN 291
ECUADOR 564
BHUTAN 296
EGYPT 571
BOLIVIA 300
ELSALVADOR 579
BOSNIA-HERCEGOVIN A 306
EQUATORIAL GUINEA 584
BOTSWANA 311
BRAZIL 317 ERITREA 589
BRUNEI 328 ESTONIA 593
BULGARIA 333 ETHIOPIA 600
BURKINA FASO 341 FIJIISLANDS 606
BURUNDI 346 F1NLAND 612
CAMBODIA 351 FRANCE 624
Overseas Departments
CAMEROON 357
CANADA 363 Guadeloupe 644
French Guiana 646
Provinces 376
Martinique 648
Alberta 378
Reunion 651
British Columbia 381
Manitoba 385 Territorial Collectivities
New Brunswick 388 Mayotte 653
Newfoundland and Labrador 392 St Pierre and Miquelon 655
Nova Scotia 396 Overseas Territories
Ontario 400
Southern and Antarctic Territories 657
Prince Edward Island 404
New Caledonia 658
Quebec 406
Saskatchewan 409 French Polynesia 662
Wallis and Futuna 665
Territories
Northwest Territories 412 GABON 668
Yukon Territory 415 THEGAMBIA 673
CAPEVERDE 419 GEORGIA 677
viii
CONTENTS
GERMJ\NY 683 West Bcngal 862
Union Territories
Länder
Baden-Württembcrg 698 Andaman and Nicobar Islands 865
Bavaria 701 Chandigarh 866
Berlin 703 Dadra and Nagar Haveli 866
Brandenburg 705 Daman and Diu 868
Bremen 706 Delhi 869
Hamburg 708 Lakshadweep 870
Hessen 710 Pondicherry 871
Lower Saxony 712 INDONESIA 873
Mecklenburg-West Pomerania 715 IRAN 882
North Rhine-Westphalia 717 IRAQ 890
Rhineland-Palatinate 719
Saarland 721 IRELAND 897
Saxony 723 ISRAEL 915
Saxony-Anhalt 724 Palestinian-Administered
Schleswig-Hoistein 726 Territories 924
Thuringia 727 ITALY 926
GHANA 730 JAMAICA 938
GREECE 736 JAPAN 943
GRENADA 746 JORDAN 954
GUATEMALA 750 KAZAKHSTAN 959
GUINEA 756 KENYA 965
GUINEA-BISSAU 760 KIRIBATI 972
SOUTH KOREA 976
GUYANA 764 NORTH KOREA 985
HAITI 769 KUWAIT 991
HONDURAS 774 KYRGYZSTAN 996
HUNGARY 779 LAOS 1000
ICELAND 789 LATVIA 1005
INDIA 796 LEBANON 1012
States and Territories 816 LESOTHO 1017
Andhra Pradesh 816 LIBERIA 1021
Arunachal Pradesh 818 LlBYA 1025
Assam 819 LlECHTENSTEIN 1030
Bihar 821 L1THUANIA 1034
GGuojaa rat 882235 LUXEMBOURG 1041
Haryana 828 MACEDONIA 1049
Himachal Pradesh 829 MADAGASCAR 1054
Jammu and Kashmir 831 MALA\VI 1059
Kamataka 833 MALAYSIA 1064
Kerala 836
Madhya Pradesh 838 MALDIVES 1073
Maharashtra 840 MALl 1076
Manipur 842 MALTA 1081
Meghalaya 844 MARSHALL ISLANDS 1088
MNaigzoalraanmd 884457 MAURITANIA 1091
Orissa 848 MAURITIUS 1096
Punjab 850 MEXICO 1101
Rajasthan 852 MICRONESIA 1110
Sikkim 854 MOLDOVA 1113
Tamil Nadu 856
Tripura 858 MONACO 1118
Vltar Pradesh 860 MONGOLlA 1122
ix