The Statesman’s Year-Book: A Statistical, Genealogical, and Historical Account of the States and Sovereigns of the Civilised Word for the Year 1864

695 Pages·181.726 MB·English

by  Frederick Martin (auth.)

'l'lU.:
STATESMAN'S YEAR-BOOK
·\ STATISTICAL, GENEAL001CAL, AND lliSTOIUGAI
ACCOUNT OF TilE STATES AND SOVEflEIGNS
OF TIJE CIVILISED \\'OHLD
POll 1'HE YEAR
1864
BY I•'REDERICK :\IA!t'l'l N
;;onbon illll:l ([mnbrillgt
l\IAClllii,LAN. AND CO.
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ISBN 978-0-230-25293-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9780230252936
PREFACE.
Tm: Stolesmcm's rcm·-noo]; is inte:nde:d to Sllpply a. want in Englil;h
literature--a 'r:mt noticed anu commented upon more than fificen
years ago by the btc Sir Robert Peel. All rc..1.ucrs of newspapers,
in ether words, all cduc..'ltcd men of the present day, must haYe
frequently felt the need of a book of reference giving an account,
so to spe.1.k a portrait, of countries nnu states, in the same manner
as a good biographical dictionary '\"ould give a sketch of individnnh.
In modern political life, nlatcs nrc mentioned nnd treated very much
like individuals. 'France,' 'Italy,' 'Ru!'Sia,' 'Austria,' nnu CYCll
'Germany,' :nc const:mtlyrefcrrcd to as lidng entities, posses~a of
a certain amount of force, strength, and volition, the qunlity :md
quantity of which is supposed to be generally J.;nown. But men
most accustomed to deal in these matters, to 'trite and speak on
politic..'ll subjects, or, mny be, to take a share in the government of
nations, arc well :marc that the subject is fhr from being generally
known, and, in fitct, if not involved in absolute obscurity, is nt
lc.:tst cnvironcd with a large amount of complexity. The great
ntatcsman before mentioned frankly confc!'Scd it by saying th:tt lie
often felt the want of n. hand-book presenting, inn comp:tct sliap<:', a
picture of the :tctual condition, politic..'ll nnu rocial, of the Ynrions
state!~ of the civilised world. A first attempt to supply this want is
now made in the publication of the Statesman's !"ear-Boo!.:.
The work contains n !'ull nccount of all the states of Europe, nnd
tlw principal states of Asia, America, and Austr:tlasia, considered
under their politic.'\], social, and commercial aspcctR. Each indi
vidual state is dc.~crihcd in the following pnrticulnrf', beginning at
n
l'llF.F.\CE.
the apex and rn<ling at the base of the variou~ forms of constituted
~ociety.
1. 'llei[plinfJ Sot·crci[Jn aml Famii!J,' in the C.1SC of all states voith
monarchical institutions. The fhcts under this !tending nrc arrangecl
in snch a manucr that the dyuabtical relations, which play so impor
tant a part in the modern history of Europe, may be seen at n glnncc,
allowing e;~sy reference respecting questions of succession and fhmily
alliance. Tho gcncalogic.1l particulars ;~rc made more complete by
notice.'! of the origin anu history of the reigning house;~, including
lists of the successive sovereigns, the fhmily fortune, actual income
of the head of the state, and other matters ofintcrcst.
2. ' Constitution and Government' forms a division under which
a succinct sketch is given of the constitutional organisation of tlH~
different states, and the prescribed action of the lrgisbtive anu
c:,.ccutivc authorities. For eycry state a list is gi,·cn, in most c.1scs
with biographic.1l particulars, of tho chief officers in the c."ccutivc
departments, including tlH: presidents nnd vice-presidents of re
publics. The most important features of representative forms of
government arc also fully e:..plniued.
3. ' Church and Education 1 is treated briefly, in the more im
portant states, under its social aspect, and as u. constituent p:lrt of
the political power of nations.
1. 'Ret·etwc and Expenditure 1 is fully given, as one of the most
important features of the life of states. The increase or dccrc.1sc of
the national income and c.'l:penditure, under given conditions and at
various periods, is C:<\l1ibited in all cases, together with the SO\U'CC.'l
of rcvcnuo and the obj~~ts for wl1ich they arc applied. The origin,
growth, and actual state of the public debt of the various countries
forms a necessary appendage of tliC financial picture.
5. 'Arm.1J and jYav!J' is tl1c heading under which a full acconnt
is presented of the aggressive and defensive powers of the grrat
states of Europe, .Americ.1, and Asia. 'l'he constitution, strength,
aml mode of formation of the armies and navie5 of the worhl is
given in the most important details, with many other facts bearing
upon the subject.
G. 'Population ' is trc.1tcd as the foundation of st.1tes; not, how-
rREFACE. >ii
eYer, from a mere view of numerical strength, but in alt its moral,
social, and political bearings. Under this heading, therefore, nrc
included notices rcgarJing the increase of population, the division
of the soil, the occupations of the people, criminal return:;, and
simil:lr matters of general interest.
7. '1'mde and Commerce,' the chief m:mifcstation of the healthy
life of nations, is gone into as fully as any other of the above sub
jects. Detailed accounts arc fttrnisl~ed of the imports and exports,
and the shipping, of all the states of theworltl, with partieularrcgnrd
to the commerce of this country. The mnouf;tcturing indnstry ol'
the chief nations is giycn in it,; principal outline!!, together with the
mineral we.:tlth in their possession. In all cases n comp:mtti\'C Yiew·,
extending over a number of years, is pre>:entctl of the traclc :md
commerce of the various nations.
'l'he Colonies of tl1c great 'Vest-European st.'ltcs arc included in
the account of the mother-country; but the principal of the ,·ast
dependencies and pos.sc£sions of Great Britain-that is, India, Canada,
ami the Australasian colonies-arc treated separately, as political
organisation3 with indiviclual interests.
It has been considered an object of paramount importnncc to give
only facts, and cxcluclc opinions from ti1C Stalesmar~'s Year-Book.
No form of government is criticised, or compnred, froDl n tlH~oretical
point of view, with any other form of political organioation; and no
judgment is attempted on any of the thousand fenturcs of activity
by wl1ich the social life of nations manifests itself. 'rhc facts arc
stated, not dry and bare, but with tl1c neecss..'lry elucidations; the
judgment, however, is left to the rca.cler nnd the student of con
temporary history.
The great aim, kept in view throughout, l1as been to insure au
absolute correctness of the In\utiplicity of (lets and figures given in
the Statesman's Year-Boo/;. ~'or thii> purpose, none but ofllcial
doclUnents 1Hlve been consulted in the first instance, and only where
these failed, or were manifestly imperfect, recourse bas been l1all to
authoritative books, and influential newspapers, mag:uin~s, nnd
other reliable information. In all the latter c.1scs, the source is
given, so as to furnish a mc.'\ns for verifying the :;t:ttcment, as well
a.s to present a I:,'Uiclo for further investigations.
viii l'HEFACE.
It is intenrleu to pnbli~h the Sta!CS111aii'S rcar-JJool: rcgul:wly 011
the first of January of e\·ery ye:u·, m:~king it :1 complete depository
of facts bearing upon tl1e politic..1.l and soci:\1 condition of the States
of the civilised world, :md the ever-varying forms which exhibit
either the progress or the declino of nations. The attempt to pro
duce such a work, complete in all respects, l1as, it is needless to say,
its great difficulties, and it can be carried out only with the assist
ance of a large number of patrons and friends who nrc willing to
give help, advice, and information. It seems n.n indisputable fhct
that :\ book such as Sir Robert Peel im:~gined, and such as the
Statesman's Year-Book aims to be, must fill n. want in our litern
ture, and it will be the earnest endcavoux of the conductor of the
undertaking to fill it well.
F.
~L
CONTENTS.
PAr.T I.
'l' II E STATES 0 F E U n 0 r E.
I
l').CE 1'.\Cl:
AUSTniA:- FRA.~.\CE:-
Hc:igning Sonrcign <1nd
Hcigning Sorcrcigu :md
Family . . • • 4 1-amily. • • • /j()
Constitution and Oorcrn-
Con~titution nud Gorem·
mcnt, • • • 4 mcnt • . li2
Church and Educ.~tion 7 Church nnd B!ucation • 67
Rercnuo and Expenditure . 8 Rcrenuc and :E.-.:pcnditurc • 69
Artny <1nd Nary 12 Army GG
Population • . 1! Na,·y • G(J
Tr:U!e and Commerce. 18
Popu!ntion • . i-!
DEI,OliDI:- Tmde nm\ Commerce. 79
Rcigning Sorcrt-ign :ltl(t Colonies . SG
Family. . . • 22
OER)!ANY:-
Constitution and Gol·l'm·
m~nt . • · 23 Constitueioo !JO
Church and Educatbn . 26 Anny 92
I!c"~"enuc and fuprn\litqre • 28 Popul;~tion . . . !H
Army nnd Nary . . 2!:1 Trade and Commerc.~. 9;)
TPro-.p1udcla ntinodn Comm. erce • • 3302 STATES OF TI!E GEIDfAX CoX·
FEDI:O!.nO:. :-
DE:-o'}IARK:- Da;aria 98
Rc:igning Sorcrcign and S:~..-.:ony 107
1':nnily • . • 36 IJnno"l'rr 113
Constitution :li!d Gor<'m• Wurtcmberg 121
tnent • • . 3j Dadcn • 1'29
Church nnd Education . ~0 IIe ssP·Ca5~d • • 134
Rc,·enuc nnd E:rpt'nditurc • {0 llcss~·D,mn~tadt . . 13!l
Anny nnd Nary • • 41 Jfolstl'in and L:mcnburg • 143
Population . -t2 Lu..-.:rml.mrg ancl Lint burg . 1-15
Tr.1dc nnd Commerce. {5 S:t.xc-Wcimnr . 146
Colonil's {!) S:tXl'·~Triningr.n 1-10
X CO~TE:'\T$.
r.\0~ l. ..\ 0&
Suns.or TIIC Gcm.u~ Cox- OREF.C}::-
k"tOtiiAT IO:\ -<'011ti11UCd. !lcigning Sot'Cr('ign . 2S3
S:n::c-Allcnburg. . 1{11 Constitution nnu Got'CMl·
S:n:o-Col.mrg-Gotha • I/i3 mcut • • • • 2SI
llrllll,wick. , . lSG Church nnll }'AhiMlion • 2S5
~ns;au . • . ISs l!cn•nuo :mel Expenditure • 287
J'.Iccklcnburg-&hr.crin IG I Army nnu Nn\-y 291
llrccklcnburg-Strclitz. IGt l'opubtion • • 291
Oldenburg. IGG Trauc and Commerce. • 293
Anhalt . . • I69 ll'ALY:-
~hwanburg -5->nucr~h:m- Tidgni~P Sotcrcigo ODd
scn . • . • 1il
F;IDlliJ • • • • 29G
L~linchrnternzsbtueirng -Hmlolstadt • 1I 7i32 Comnsetnittu tio•n :ln•d Go•t '~rn-• 298
WRcaulsdse-cGkr ci•z 117175 Church :md F.duc.1tion , 29!l
Rcnnuo :md E:tpcncliture • 30~
Rcu;3-Schlciz . liS Army and Nnry • 307
Scu:.umburg·Lippo 1i9
Popul:lticn • • 309
Lippc-Uctmold • • 18\ Trude and Commcrco. • 312
lte~~o-Homburg 182
Liitcck • • 183 r.u•J.L Suus:-
1-'rlnkfort • 181 Ticigning Sovereign . 322
Drcmcn • 186 Constitution auu Gotcrn-
ll:\u1burg . • ISS ment • . . • 323
Eccl~siastic.'\l Adminhtra-
GHEAT DHITtUN nnd IRE tion . • • • 3~7
LAKD:- nennue, Army, and :Popu-
lntioo • • • • 328
Uci!;'ning Sot'crcign and Trnclo :mu Commcroo. 329
.Family • • • 19~ XETJIERLANDS :-
Constitution nad Got'ern-
mcut 196 TI<"ignin.g Sot'erdgn and
Church nnd Education . 211 }'amity . . • . 332
RC'I'CDUO nne} r~pcndi- Constitution nnu Got'crn-
turo • • 21!) mcut • . • • 333
fUnny 227 Church noel F.ducation • 33/.i
Nary • . . 23ii Tie>cnuc oncl Expenditure • 33G
l'opulation- Army and Nnry • • 310
EoglaDd :~nd W:~lcs 211 Population . • 312
Scotbncl 21G Tl-:1do nncl Commerco. • 3·13
Ireland . . 248 Colonies • • 3/iO
Isbnds in tho llritW1 ronTUGAL:-
~OS • . 2J2 Ticisning So>ercign an<l
Emigr.1tion . . . 2ii3 Family • • • • 31i3
Wl·:llth of the Po:>ah- Constitution :~nd Go•crn-
tion • . · 2ii.:; m~t • • • • ~5
Commerce nnd '1'::-ndc- Church :wd Educ.1tion • 356
Import! cr.d E:xports • 255 RO'I'CDUO nod fupcndituro . 357
Shippin~ • • 261 Arm)' n.nd 1\:rry • • 3GO
Cotton 'l'rad~ . . 268 I'orulCltion . • 3GO
:!'Tines nnd :MinPrab 27 o Trauo and Connncrcc 36I
Colonies 27 3 Colonies . • 366