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THE STATE AND CAPITAL ACCUMULATION IN LATIN AMERICA Volume 2: Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela Edited by Christian Anglade Lecturer in Government University of Essex and Carlos Fortin Fellow, Institute of Development Studies University of Sussex © Christian Anglade and Carlos Fortin 1990 Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1990 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 33-4 Alfred Place, London WCIE 7DP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published 1990 Published by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world Typeset by P & R Typesetters Ltd, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data The State and capital accumulation in Latin America.-(Latin American studies series). Vol. 2: Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela 1. Saving and investments-Latin America-History-20th century 2. Latin America-Economic policy I. Anglade, Christian II. Fortin, Carlos Ill. Series 332'.0415'098 HCI30.53 ISBN 978-1-349-09032-7 ISBN 978-1-349-09030-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-09030-3 THE STATE AND CAPITAL ACCUMULATION IN LATIN AMERICA Volume 2 LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES SERIES General Editors: Philip O'Brien and Peter Flynn The series is a new initiative designed to give a comprehensive analysis of some of the many complex problems facing contemporary Latin America and individual Latin American countries. Published Christian Anglade and Carlos Fortin (editors) THE STATE AND CAPITAL ACCUMULATION IN LATIN AMERICA Volume 1 : Brazil, Chile, Mexico Volume 2: Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela David Booth and Bernardo Sorj (editors) MILITARY REFORMISM AND SOCIAL CLASSES: The Peruvian Experience, 1968-80 Rhys Jenkins TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS AND INDUSTRIAL TRANSFORMATION IN LATIN AMERICA TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS AND THE LATIN AMERICAN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY Dermot Keogh (editor) CHURCH AND POLITICS IN LATIN AMERICA David Slater TERRITORY AND STATE POWER IN LATIN AMERICA: The Peruvian Case Forthcoming Jean Carriere, Nigel Hawarth and Jacqueline Roddick (editors) THE STATE, INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS AND THE LABOUR MOVEMENT IN LATIN AMERICA (four volumes) Joe Foweraker CLASS DOMINATION AND THE AUTHORITARIAN STATE: A Political Economy of Latin America David E. Hogman (editor) NEO-LIBERAL AGRICULTURE IN RURAL CHILE Series Standing Order If you would like to receive future titles in this series as they are published, you can make use of our standing order facility. To place a standing order please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address and the name of the series. Please state with which title you wish to begin your standing order. (If you live outside the United. Kingdom we may not have the rights for your area, in which case we will forward your order to the publisher concerned.) Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG21 2XS, England. Contents List of Tables Vll List of Figures ix List of Abbreviations X Notes on the Contributors XIV Preface XVI The State and Capital Accumulation in Argentina Guillermo Flichman 2 Capital Accumulation and Revolutionary Nationalism in Bolivia, 1952-85 Winston Moore Casanovas 32 3 The End of the Desarrollista State: State and Capital Accumulation in Colombia, 1950-84 F ernan E. Gonzalez . 54 4 Ecuador: The State, Public Policy and Capital Accumulation, 1970-83 Arnalda M. Bocco 88 5 Cycles, Crises and Classes: The State and Capital Accumulation in Peru, 1963-84 C. D. Scott 106 6 Accumulation and Consensus in Post-War Uruguay F. E. Panizza 149 7 State, Oil and Capital Accumulation in Venezuela Nikolaus W erz 182 8 Accumulation, Adjustment and the Autonomy of the State in Latin America Christian Anglade and Carlos Fortin 211 Index 341 v List of Tables 1.1 Argentina: selected economic indicators, 1960-85 10 1.2 Argentina: payments to labour as percentages of domestic 15 income, selected periods and years, 1935-82 1.3 Argentina: productivity and real wages, 1975-85 15 1.4 Argentina: sectoral distribution of GOP, 1975, 1982 and 17 annual rates of growth 1.5 Argentina: production of cereals and oilseeds, 1970-82 17 1.6 Argentina: public enterprises, 1977, 1981 21 1.7 Argentina: balance of payments, external debt and inter- national reserves, 1975-85 23 2.1 Bolivia: selected economic indicators, 1952-85 35 2.2 Bolivia: balance of payments and external debt, 1952-85 42 2.3 Bolivia: payments to labour as percentage of GOP, 1960-80 46 3.1 Colombia: selected economic indicators, 1957-85 61 3.2 Colombia: payments to labour as a percentage of GOP, 1970-85 65 3.3 Colombia: balance of payments and external debt, 1970, 1974-85 68 4.1 Ecuador: growth of GOP and sectoral product, 1970-83 89 4.2 Ecuador: gross fixed capital formation, 1970-83 90 4.3 Ecuador: prices and wages, 1970-83 92 4.4 Ecuador: balance of payments and external debt, 1970-83 94 4.5 Ecuador: selected public sector accounts, 1970-82 95 4.6 Ecuador: fiscal pressure, 1972-83 98 5.1 Peru: government revenue and expenditure ratios, 1963-84 122 6.1 Uruguay: selected economic indicators, 1945-85 150 6.2 Uruguay: prices and wages, 1946-85 160 6.3 Uruguay: balance of payments and external debt, 1973-85 168 vii V111 List of Tables 7.1 Venezuela: growth ofGDP and industrial product, selected 188 years, 1950-85 7.2 Venezuela: balance of payments and external debt, selected 196 years, 1965-85 7.3 Venezuela: gross domestic investment in fixed capital, 197 1970-84 199 7.4 Venezuela: cost ofliving index, Greater Caracas, 1970-85 8. I Ten Latin American countries: balance on current account, 255 1980-88 8.2 Ten Latin American countries: ratio of total interest 256 payments to exports of goods and services, 1980-88 8.3 Ten Latin American countries: public sector deficit, 259 1977-87 263 8.4 Four Latin American countries: capital flight, 1978-82 8.5 Ten Latin American countries: public external debt as a 264 percentage of total external debt, 1975-86 265 8.6 Ten Latin American countries: real wages, 1982-88 266 8.7 Ten Latin American countries: GOP growth, 1980-88 8.8 Ten Latin American countries: gross domestic investment 267 as a percentage of GDP, 1980-87 8.9 Ten Latin American countries: evolution of consumer 269 prices, 1980-88 List of Figures 5.1 Peru: exports, 1830 to 1982. Indices of volume and dollar value 108 5.2 Peru: annual growth rates and investment rates, 1955-84 110 ix List of Abbreviations AD Acci6n Democnitica ADEX Asociaci6n de Exportadores AE Actualidad Econ6mica ALALC Asociaci6n Latinoamericana de Libre Comercio ANA PO Alianza Nacional Popular AN CAP Administraci6n Nacional de Combustibles, Alcohol y Portland AP Acci6n Popular APRA Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana APS Average propensity to save CAT Certificado de Abono Tributario CCP Confederacion Campesina del Peru CDR Certificado de Deposito Reajustable CEDES Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad CEDLA Centro de Estudios y Documentaci6n Latino americanos CENDES Centro de Estudios del Desarrollo CEPA Centro de Estudios de Politica Agraria CEPAL Comisi6n Econ6mica para America Latina y el Caribe CEPB Confederaci6n de Empresarios Privados de Bolivia CEPE Corporaci6n Estatal Petrolera Ecuatoriana CERLAC Center for Research on Latin America and the Caribbean CERTEX Certificado de Reintegro Tributario para Expor taciones CET Centro de las Naciones Unidas sobre las Empresas Transnacionales CGT Confederaci6n General de Trabajadores CGTP Confederacion General de Trabajadores del Peru CIEPLAN Corporaci6n de Investigaciones Econ6micas para Latinoamerica X

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This is the second and final volume of a collection of studies on the role of the state in capital accumulation in Latin America. Volume One included a general historical and conceptual introduction and case studies of Brazil, Chile and Mexico. The present volume covers the remaining countries of So
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391 Pages·1990·36.66 MB·English
by  Christian Anglade
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THE STATE AND CAPITAL ACCUMULATION IN LATIN AMERICA Volume 2: Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela Edited by Christian Anglade Lecturer in Government University of Essex and Carlos Fortin Fellow, Institute of Development Studies University of Sussex © Christian Anglade and Carlos Fortin 1990 Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1990 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 33-4 Alfred Place, London WCIE 7DP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published 1990 Published by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world Typeset by P & R Typesetters Ltd, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data The State and capital accumulation in Latin America.-(Latin American studies series). Vol. 2: Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela 1. Saving and investments-Latin America-History-20th century 2. Latin America-Economic policy I. Anglade, Christian II. Fortin, Carlos Ill. Series 332'.0415'098 HCI30.53 ISBN 978-1-349-09032-7 ISBN 978-1-349-09030-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-09030-3 THE STATE AND CAPITAL ACCUMULATION IN LATIN AMERICA Volume 2 LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES SERIES General Editors: Philip O'Brien and Peter Flynn The series is a new initiative designed to give a comprehensive analysis of some of the many complex problems facing contemporary Latin America and individual Latin American countries. Published Christian Anglade and Carlos Fortin (editors) THE STATE AND CAPITAL ACCUMULATION IN LATIN AMERICA Volume 1 : Brazil, Chile, Mexico Volume 2: Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela David Booth and Bernardo Sorj (editors) MILITARY REFORMISM AND SOCIAL CLASSES: The Peruvian Experience, 1968-80 Rhys Jenkins TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS AND INDUSTRIAL TRANSFORMATION IN LATIN AMERICA TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS AND THE LATIN AMERICAN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY Dermot Keogh (editor) CHURCH AND POLITICS IN LATIN AMERICA David Slater TERRITORY AND STATE POWER IN LATIN AMERICA: The Peruvian Case Forthcoming Jean Carriere, Nigel Hawarth and Jacqueline Roddick (editors) THE STATE, INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS AND THE LABOUR MOVEMENT IN LATIN AMERICA (four volumes) Joe Foweraker CLASS DOMINATION AND THE AUTHORITARIAN STATE: A Political Economy of Latin America David E. Hogman (editor) NEO-LIBERAL AGRICULTURE IN RURAL CHILE Series Standing Order If you would like to receive future titles in this series as they are published, you can make use of our standing order facility. To place a standing order please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address and the name of the series. Please state with which title you wish to begin your standing order. (If you live outside the United. Kingdom we may not have the rights for your area, in which case we will forward your order to the publisher concerned.) Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG21 2XS, England. Contents List of Tables Vll List of Figures ix List of Abbreviations X Notes on the Contributors XIV Preface XVI The State and Capital Accumulation in Argentina Guillermo Flichman 2 Capital Accumulation and Revolutionary Nationalism in Bolivia, 1952-85 Winston Moore Casanovas 32 3 The End of the Desarrollista State: State and Capital Accumulation in Colombia, 1950-84 F ernan E. Gonzalez . 54 4 Ecuador: The State, Public Policy and Capital Accumulation, 1970-83 Arnalda M. Bocco 88 5 Cycles, Crises and Classes: The State and Capital Accumulation in Peru, 1963-84 C. D. Scott 106 6 Accumulation and Consensus in Post-War Uruguay F. E. Panizza 149 7 State, Oil and Capital Accumulation in Venezuela Nikolaus W erz 182 8 Accumulation, Adjustment and the Autonomy of the State in Latin America Christian Anglade and Carlos Fortin 211 Index 341 v List of Tables 1.1 Argentina: selected economic indicators, 1960-85 10 1.2 Argentina: payments to labour as percentages of domestic 15 income, selected periods and years, 1935-82 1.3 Argentina: productivity and real wages, 1975-85 15 1.4 Argentina: sectoral distribution of GOP, 1975, 1982 and 17 annual rates of growth 1.5 Argentina: production of cereals and oilseeds, 1970-82 17 1.6 Argentina: public enterprises, 1977, 1981 21 1.7 Argentina: balance of payments, external debt and inter- national reserves, 1975-85 23 2.1 Bolivia: selected economic indicators, 1952-85 35 2.2 Bolivia: balance of payments and external debt, 1952-85 42 2.3 Bolivia: payments to labour as percentage of GOP, 1960-80 46 3.1 Colombia: selected economic indicators, 1957-85 61 3.2 Colombia: payments to labour as a percentage of GOP, 1970-85 65 3.3 Colombia: balance of payments and external debt, 1970, 1974-85 68 4.1 Ecuador: growth of GOP and sectoral product, 1970-83 89 4.2 Ecuador: gross fixed capital formation, 1970-83 90 4.3 Ecuador: prices and wages, 1970-83 92 4.4 Ecuador: balance of payments and external debt, 1970-83 94 4.5 Ecuador: selected public sector accounts, 1970-82 95 4.6 Ecuador: fiscal pressure, 1972-83 98 5.1 Peru: government revenue and expenditure ratios, 1963-84 122 6.1 Uruguay: selected economic indicators, 1945-85 150 6.2 Uruguay: prices and wages, 1946-85 160 6.3 Uruguay: balance of payments and external debt, 1973-85 168 vii V111 List of Tables 7.1 Venezuela: growth ofGDP and industrial product, selected 188 years, 1950-85 7.2 Venezuela: balance of payments and external debt, selected 196 years, 1965-85 7.3 Venezuela: gross domestic investment in fixed capital, 197 1970-84 199 7.4 Venezuela: cost ofliving index, Greater Caracas, 1970-85 8. I Ten Latin American countries: balance on current account, 255 1980-88 8.2 Ten Latin American countries: ratio of total interest 256 payments to exports of goods and services, 1980-88 8.3 Ten Latin American countries: public sector deficit, 259 1977-87 263 8.4 Four Latin American countries: capital flight, 1978-82 8.5 Ten Latin American countries: public external debt as a 264 percentage of total external debt, 1975-86 265 8.6 Ten Latin American countries: real wages, 1982-88 266 8.7 Ten Latin American countries: GOP growth, 1980-88 8.8 Ten Latin American countries: gross domestic investment 267 as a percentage of GDP, 1980-87 8.9 Ten Latin American countries: evolution of consumer 269 prices, 1980-88 List of Figures 5.1 Peru: exports, 1830 to 1982. Indices of volume and dollar value 108 5.2 Peru: annual growth rates and investment rates, 1955-84 110 ix List of Abbreviations AD Acci6n Democnitica ADEX Asociaci6n de Exportadores AE Actualidad Econ6mica ALALC Asociaci6n Latinoamericana de Libre Comercio ANA PO Alianza Nacional Popular AN CAP Administraci6n Nacional de Combustibles, Alcohol y Portland AP Acci6n Popular APRA Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana APS Average propensity to save CAT Certificado de Abono Tributario CCP Confederacion Campesina del Peru CDR Certificado de Deposito Reajustable CEDES Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad CEDLA Centro de Estudios y Documentaci6n Latino americanos CENDES Centro de Estudios del Desarrollo CEPA Centro de Estudios de Politica Agraria CEPAL Comisi6n Econ6mica para America Latina y el Caribe CEPB Confederaci6n de Empresarios Privados de Bolivia CEPE Corporaci6n Estatal Petrolera Ecuatoriana CERLAC Center for Research on Latin America and the Caribbean CERTEX Certificado de Reintegro Tributario para Expor taciones CET Centro de las Naciones Unidas sobre las Empresas Transnacionales CGT Confederaci6n General de Trabajadores CGTP Confederacion General de Trabajadores del Peru CIEPLAN Corporaci6n de Investigaciones Econ6micas para Latinoamerica X

Description:
This is the second and final volume of a collection of studies on the role of the state in capital accumulation in Latin America. Volume One included a general historical and conceptual introduction and case studies of Brazil, Chile and Mexico. The present volume covers the remaining countries of So
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