The Sports Rules Book PDF
Preview The Sports Rules Book
Page i The Sports Rules Book Human Kinetics with Thomas Hanlon Human Kinetics Page ii Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data Human Kinetics Publishers. The sports rules book / Human Kinetics with Thomas Hanlon. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. 369). ISBN 0880118075 1. SportsRules. I. Hanlon, Thomas W. II. Title. GV731.H85 1997 796dc21 9727774 CIP ISBN: 0880118075 Copyright © 1998 by Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. Except for use in a review, the reproduction or utilization of this work in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including xerography, photocopying, and recording, and in any information storage and retrieval system, is forbidden without the written permission of the publisher. Permissions notices for material reprinted in this book from other sources can be found on pages 367–368. Managing Editor: Alesha G. Thompson Assistant Editor: Erin Sprague Copyeditor: Donald F. Amerman, Jr. Proofreader: Sara Wiseman Graphic Designer: Judy Henderson Graphic Artist: Francine Hamerski Photo Editor: Boyd LaFoon Cover Designer: Jack Davis Illustrators: Sara Wolfsmith and Tim Offenstein Research Assistants: Jodie Gardner, Tammy Frye, Robin Pruitt, Vickie Bierman, Jennifer Mitchaner, Amy Carnes, Lynn Marshall Printer: United Graphics Human Kinetics books are available at special discounts for bulk purchase. Special editions or book excerpts can also be created to specification. For details, contact the Special Sales Manager at Human Kinetics. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 Human Kinetics Web site: http://www.humankinetics.com/ United States: Human Kinetics, P.O. Box 5076, Champaign, IL 618255076 18007474457 email: [email protected] Canada: Human Kinetics, 475 Devonshire Road, Unit 100, Windsor, ON N8Y 2L5 18004657301 (in Canada only) email: [email protected] Europe: Human Kinetics, P.O. Box IW14, Leeds LS16 6TR, United Kingdom +44 (0)113278 1708 email: [email protected] Australia: Human Kinetics, 57A Price Avenue, Lower Mitcham, South Australia 5062 (08) 82771555 email: [email protected] New Zealand: Human Kinetics, P.O. Box 105231, Auckland Central 095233462 email: [email protected] Page iii Contents Contributing Reviewers v Introduction vii 1. Alpine Skiing 1 2. Angling 7 3. Arhchery 9 4. Australian Football 13 5. Badminton 19 6. Baseball 25 7. Basketball 37 8. Biathlon 47 9. Bowling 55 10. Boxing 59 11. Canoeing & Kayaking 65 12. Cricket 71 13. CrossCountry Skiing 79 14. Curling 85 15. Cycling 89 16. Divind 95 17. Equestrian 101 18. Fencing 107 19. Field Hockey 113 20. Figure Skating 119 21. Football 125 22. Golf 137 23. Gymnastics 145 24. Handball 153 25. Ice Hockey 159 26. Judo 169 27. Karate 173 28. Lacrosse 179 29. Modern Pentathlon 187 30. Netball 193 31. Orienteering 199 32. Racquetball 203 33. Roller Hockey 211 34. Rowling 217 35. Rugby Union 223 36. Shooting 231 37. Soccer 237 38. Softball 247 39. Speed Skating 261 40. Squash 267 41. Swimming 273 42. Synchronized Swimming 279 43. Table Tennis 285 44. Tae Kwon Do 289 45. Team Handball 295 46. Tennis 301 47. Track & Field 307 48. Triathlon 321 49. Volleyball 325 50. Water Polo 335 51. Water Skiing 341 52. Weightlifting 347 53. Wrestling 351 54. Yachting 363 Credits 367 References 369 Page v Contributing Reviewers Alpine Skiing John Yacenda Ski and Snowboard Instructor Angling Johnna Pitts BASS, Inc. Archery Skip Phillips National Archery Association of the United States Australian Football Jack Halbert South Australian National Football League Badminton Paul Pawlaczyk USA Badminton Association Baseball Bob Kuenster Baseball Digest Basketball Jim Haney National Association of Basketball Coaches of the United States (NABC) Biathlon Max Cobb U.S. Biathlon Association Bowling Bill Vint Bowling Magazine Boxing Steve Ross USA Boxing Canoeing & Kayaking David Harrison Canoe & Kayak Magazine Cricket Max Shaukat World Cricket League CrossCountry Skiing Linda Johnson U.S. Ski Team Curling David Garber U.S. Curling News Cycling Edmund Burke Cycling Science Communications Diving Ron O'Brien U.S. Diving National Technical Directory Equestrian Liz Hoskinson The American Horse Shows Fencing Mark Tebault U.S. Fencing Association Field Hockey Karen Collins U.S. Field Hockey Association Figure Skating Karin KunzleWatson Former Professional World Champion Football Mel Pulliam American Football Coaches Association Golf Cliff Schrock Golf Digest Gymnastics Dwight Normile International Gymnast Magazine Handball Vern Roberts U.S. Handball Association Ice Hockey Joe Bertagna American Hockey Coaches Association Judo Judy Jeska United States Judo Association Page vi Karate Pat Hickey USA Karate Federation Secretary Lacrosse Keith Maynard Lacrosse Magazine Modern Pentathlon Charlie Kiley U.S. Modern Pentathlon Association Netball Pat Taylor International Federation of Netball Associations Orienteering Tom Renfrew Director of Sport and Outdoor Education University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland Racquetball Otto Dietrich U.S. Racquetball Association Roller Hockey Mike Scarr Roller Hockey Magazine Rowing Susan Lezotte American Rowing Rugby Union James S. Russell USA Rugby Football Union (USARFU) Shooting Randy Moeller USA Shooting Soccer Jim Cosgrove U.S. Youth Soccer Association Softball Merle Butler Amateur Softball Association of America Speed Skating Don Kangas Amateur Speedskating Union of the United States Squash Phil Yarrow Dunlop/Slazenger National Advisory Staff Swimming Phil Whitten Swimming World Synchronized Swimming Margo Erickson U.S. Synchronized Swimming Table Tennis Azmy Ibrahim U.S. Table Tennis Association Tae Kwon Do Rod Speidel Tae Kwon Do Times Team Handball Michael Cavanaugh U.S. Team Handball Federation Tennis Ed Weathers Tennis Magazine Track & Field Pete Cava Media Information Officer USA Track & Field Triathlon Chris Newbound Inside Triathlon Volleyball C.C. Sandorfi Volleyball Magazine Water Polo Jim Linehan U.S. Water Polo, Inc. Water Skiing Ben Favret Bennett's Water Ski School Weightlifting Lyn Jones U.S. Weightlifting Federation Wrestling Bob Johnson Amateur Athletic Union Yachting Robert MacArthur Special thanks for an overall review of the book to Barry Mano Publisher, Referee Magazine Founder, National Association of Sports Officials Page vii Introduction Remember making up rules as a kid with your peers for the games you played? If some rules didn't work so well, you'd change them—sometimes in the middle of the game—and try again. Fun, but not very practical beyond the limits of a backyard or sandlot. In organized sports, such rulemaking creativity and spontaneity won't work. Each sport needs a consistent set of guidelines that apply, with only minor variations, across all competitive levels and all geographical boundaries. These guidelines, however, quickly become a detailed and mindnumbing list of "Official Rules" that few can comprehend and only those who are paid to officiate bother trying to learn. Not fun and not very practical for most of us. Because rules are necessary, but are almost always presented in too much detail to apply, we saw the need for a new approach. The Sports Rules Book features the fundamental rules for 54 sports. The hardtounderstand terminology is gone leaving a reference that provides a concise understanding of essential rules and procedures. In our attempt to develop a rule book that was more fun to use without sacrificing accuracy, we • sifted through the sport's current official rules book and pulled out the rules that are essential to administer, appreciate, and understand the sport—for the administrator, coach, physical education teacher, player, and fan; • presented those rules in clear enough terms that someone new to the sport could gain an understanding and appreciation for the procedures and rules; and • designed the book so that it doesn't look or read like a typical rules book. We opened up the pages, included artwork and sidebars, and made the material easier to move through. We also attempted to design each chapter in a way that would most benefit you. First we provide a brief introduction to the sport, often including its origins, its objectives, and, when appropriate, the types of competitions within the sport. Then we give an overview of the sport's procedures—how the contest begins, how it proceeds, and major checkpoints along the way. We then provide a list of terms that will help the reader understand terminology that is often unique to the sport or that has significant meaning. We also describe and provide a diagram of the playing area—field, court, or course—including markings and dimensions. We include a short section on the competitors themselves, including how competitions are categorized by age and weight brackets, when appropriate. We briefly describe the equipment and note any special regulations regarding its make or use. For 18 of the chapters, we provide significant rules modifications based on age or physical disability. We also describe the officials who are in charge of the competition, and in some cases provide drawings of common officials' signals. Finally, we list the organization that provided the rules for the chapter, and in many cases we also list other organizations that administer the sport. A word here about the sources of rules for this book: In some cases, these governing bodies are international; in other cases, they are United States governing Page viii bodies. Both levels of governing bodies are devoted in part to standardizing the rules of play for their sport. If you need more indepth rules, we suggest you contact these governing bodies. We list addresses and phone numbers at the end of each chapter. Comprehensive officiating rules and information for most sports can be found by writing to the National Association of Sports Officials, 2017 Lathrope Avenue, Racine, Wisconsin 53405. Or call them at (414) 6325448. In order to accommodate an international audience with measurements for each sport, we have used the commonly used measurement for each sport within the text and diagrams of that chapter. We have also provided a small conversion chart in the diagrams and a larger conversion chart here in the introduction of the book that will help each person go from English to metric measurements and from metric to English measurements. The Sports Rules Book is not meant to be complete in its coverage of any sport. It is meant to provide the basic rules and procedures of a sport and to be practical, understandable, and concise, without sacrificing the essentials. We trust that The Sports Rules Book will meet your needs in these areas and will be a useful reference for you. Measurement Conversions English to metric Metric to English Multiply by Multiply by Feet .3048006 m/ft Meters 3.280833 ft/m Feet 30.48006 cm/ft Centimeters .032808 ft/cm Inches 2.540005 cm/in Centimeters .39370 in/cm Inches 25.4000 mm/in Millimeters .0394 in/mm Miles 1.60935 km/mi Kilometers .62137 mi/km Ounces 28.349527 g/oz Grams .0352740 oz/g Pounds 453.5924 g/lb Grams .00220462 lb/g Pounds .453592 kg/lb Kilograms 2.2046223 lb/kg Yards .91440183 m/yd Meters 1.093611 yd/m Sources: C.R.C. Standard Mathematical Tables, 12th Edition, Chemical Rubber Publishing Company, 1959. Information Please Almanac Atlas & Yearbook, 50th Edition, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1997. To convert: Start with the measurement with which you are dealing. Multiply by the appropriate conversion factor using all the decimal places. If there is more than one choice of conversion factor, use the one that is closest in comparison (i.e., pounds and kilograms rather than pounds and grams, or feet and meters rather than feet and centimeters). In general, round the answer to the same number of places after the decimal you had in the original number. For example, to convert 99 pounds to kilograms, look under "Pounds" in the English to metric column where it specifies the conversion in "kg/lb". Multiply 99 lb by .453592 kg/lb and the result is 44.905608 kg. Page ix Common conversions 10 meters = 32.8 feet 100 meters = 328 feet 500 meters = 1,641 feet 10 feet = 304.8 centimeters 100 feet = 30.5 meters 10 inches = 25.4 centimeters 10 centimeters = 4 inches 20 millimeters = .79 inches 50 millimeters = 2 inches 10 inches = 254 millimeters 10 kilometers = 6.2 miles 5 kilometers = 3.1 miles 5 miles = 8 kilometers 5 ounces = 142 grams 100 grams = 3.5 ounces 5 kilograms = 11 pounds 500 grams = 1.1 pounds 100 pounds = 220.5 kilograms 20 yards = 18.3 meters 10 yards = 9.1 meter. Page 1 1— Alpine Skiing Accounts of Alpine ski competition date back to the 6th century. Skiing competition began on a broader scale in the early 1800s; the sport was introduced to America in the mid1800s by Norwegian immigrants. Early skis were made of wood and were laminated; by the early 1900s skis had become shorter. By the 1940s Alpine skis took on a more versatile shape; today's skis offer many shapes and lengths to accommodate different styles of skiing, racing, and snow conditions. Alpine skiing consists of several disciplines, including downhill, slalom, giant slalom, supergiant slalom (superG), parallel, team, and speed competitions. Competitions may be held in individual events or in combined events (e.g., a downhill and a slalom). The source for rules for this chapter is the Fédération Internationale de Ski (FIS), which is the international governing body for skiing.
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