The Spanish Presence in Sixteenth-Century Italy: Images of Iberia

293 Pages·2016·3.109 MB·English

by  Baker-Bates, Piers;Pattenden, Miles

The Spanish Presence in Sixteenth-Century Italy
The sixteenth century was a critical period both for Spain’s formation and
for the imperial dominance of her Crown. Spanish monarchs ruled far and
wide, spreading agents and culture across Europe and the wider world. Yet
in Italy they encountered another culture whose achievements were even
prouder and whose aspirations often even grander than their own. Italians,
the nominally subaltern group, did not readily accept Spanish dominance and
exercised considerable agency over how imperial Spanish identity developed
within their borders. In the end Italians’ views sometimes even shaped how
their Spanish colonizers eventually came to see themselves.
The essays collected here evaluate the broad range of contexts in which
Spaniards were present in early modern Italy. They consider diplomacy,
sanctity, art, politics and even popular verse. Each essay excavates how
Italians who came into contact with the Spanish crown’s power perceived and
interacted with the wider range of identities brought amongst them by its
servants and subjects. Together they demonstrate what influenced and what
determined Italians’ responses to Spain; they show Spanish Italy in its full
transcultural glory and how its inhabitants projected its culture – throughout
the sixteenth century and beyond.
Piers Baker-Bates is Visiting Research Associate in
Art History at the Open University, UK.
Miles Pattenden is Lecturer in Early Modern History
at Jesus College, Oxford, UK.
Transculturalisms,
1400–1700
Series Editors: Mihoko Suzuki, University of Miami
Ann Rosalind Jones, Smith College
Jyotsna Singh, Michigan State University
This series will present studies of the early modern contacts and
exchanges among the states, polities and entrepreneurial organizations
of Europe; Asia, including the Levant and East India/Indies; Africa; and
the Americas. Books will investigate travelers, merchants and cultural
inventors, including explorers, mapmakers, artists and writers, as they
operated in political, mercantile, sexual and linguistic economies. We
encourage authors to reflect on their own methodologies in relation to
issues and theories relevant to the study of transculturism/translation
and transnationalism. We are particularly interested in work on and from
the perspective of the Asians, Africans, and Americans involved in these
interactions, and on such topics as:
• Material exchanges, including textiles, paper and printing, and
technologies of knowledge
• Movements of bodies: embassies, voyagers, piracy, enslavement
• Travel writing: its purposes, practices, forms and effects on writing
in other genres
• Belief systems: religions, philosophies, sciences
• Translations: verbal, artistic, philosophical
• Forms of transnational violence and its representations.
Also in this series:
Negotiating Transcultural Relations in the Early Modern Mediterranean
Stephen Ortega
Mediterranean Identities in the Premodern Era
Edited by John Watkins and Kathryn L. Reyerson
Geographical Knowledge and Imperial Culture
in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire
Pinar Emiralioglu
Islam, Christianity and the Making of Czech Identity, 1453–1683
Laura Lisy-Wagner
The Spanish Presence in
Sixteenth-Century Italy
Images of Iberia
Edited by Piers Baker-Bates and Miles Pattenden
© Piers Baker-Bates and Miles Pattenden and the contributors 2015
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission
of the publisher.
Piers Baker-Bates and Miles Pattenden have asserted their right under the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the editors of this
work.
Published by
Ashgate Publishing Limited Ashgate Publishing Company
Wey Court East 110 Cherry Street
Union Road Suite 3-1
Farnham Burlington, VT 05401-3818
Surrey, GU9 7PT USA
England
www.ashgate.com
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows:
The Spanish presence in sixteenth-century Italy: images of Iberia / edited by Piers
Baker-Bates and Miles Pattenden.
pages cm. -- (Transculturalisms, 1400–1700)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4724-4149-2 (hardcover: alk. paper) – ISBN 978-1-4724-4150-8 (ebook)
– ISBN 978-1-4724-4151-5 (epub) 1. Spain – In art. 2. Art, Italian – 16th century.
3. Italy – Civilization – Spanish influences. I. Baker-Bates, Piers, editor. II.
Pattenden, Miles, editor.

N8214.5.S7S63 2014
704.9’49946—dc23
2014029255
ISBN: 9781472441492 (hbk)
ISBN: 9781472441508 (ebk – PDF)
ISBN: 9781472441515 (ebk – ePUB)
III
Printed in the United Kingdom by Henry Ling
Limited, at the Dorset Press, Dorchester, DT1 1HD
Contents
List of Illustrations   vii
List of Abbreviations   ix
Notes on Contributors   xi
Acknowledgements   xiii
Introduction   1
Simon Ditchfield
Part I the SPanISh PreSence In ItalIan PolItIcS,
SocIety and culture
1 MereEmulatorsofItaly:TheSpanishinItalianDiplomatic
Discourse,1492–1550   11
Catherine Fletcher
2 HispanophobiaintheVenetianRepublic   29
Nicholas Davidson
3 EncounteringSpaininEarlyModernNaples:Language,
CustomsandSociability   43
Stephen Cummins
Part II SPanISh relIgIoSIty and roman relIgIon
4 Romeasa‘SpanishAvignon’?TheSpanishFaction
andtheMonarchyofPhilipII   65
Miles Pattenden
5 Romeandthe‘SpanishTheology’:SpanishMonarchy,Doctrinal
ControversiesandtheDefenceofPapalPrerogativesfrom
ClementVIIItoUrbanVIII   85
Paolo Broggio
vi THESPANISHPRESENCEINSIxTEENTH-CENTUR yITALy
6 SpanishSaintsinCounter-ReformationItaly   103
Clare Copeland
Part III SPanISh VISIon and the VISual artS In Italy
7 ‘GraeciaCaptaFerumVictoremCoepit’:SpanishPatrons
andItalianArtists   127
Piers Baker-Bates
8 TheStrandedTomb:CulturalAllusionsintheFuneral
MonumentofDonPedrodeToledo,SanGiacomo
degliSpagnoli,Naples   153
Robert W. Gaston and Andrea M. Gáldy
9 InventiveTranslation,PortraitureandSpanishHabsburg
TasteintheSixteenthCentury   175
Elena Calvillo
10 ThePoliticsofArtortheArtofPolitics?TheMarquis
delCarpioinRomeandNaples(1677–1687)   199
Jorge Fernández-Santos Ortiz-Iribas
Conclusion   229
Bibliography   233
Index   265
List of Illustrations
7.1 Sebastiano del Piombo, Pietà, ca. 1531–1539, Madrid, Museo del Prado (photo:
Courtesy Fundación Casa Ducal de Medinaceli)
7.2 School of Cuenca, Pietà, Budapest, Szépmüvészeti Museum (photo:
© Szépmüvészeti Museum)
7.3 Sebastiano del Piombo, Christ Carrying the Cross, ca. 1535, Saint Petersburg,
State Hermitage Museum (photo: © State Hermitage Museum)
7.4 Giovanni Merliano da Nola, Tomb of Don Ramon Folch de Cardona, 1526, Bellpuig,
Saint Nicholas Church (photo: Superstock)
7.5 Raphaël (dit), Sanzio Raffaello, Portrait de la vice-reine de Naples, Isabel de
Cardona de Requesens dite Jeanne d’Aragon (photo: © RMN-Grand Palais [Château de
Fontainebleau]/Gérard Blot)
8.1 Giovanni Merliano da Nola, Tomb of Don Pedro de Toledo, ca. 1550–1570, Naples,
San Giacomo degli Spagnoli (photo: Scala, London)
8.2 Giovanni Merliano da Nola, Tomb of Don Pedro de Toledo, detail, ca. 1550–1570,
Naples, San Giacomo degli Spagnoli (photo: Scala, London)
8.3 Florentine or Neapolitan sixteenth-century sculptor, Don Pedro Álvarez de Toledo,
ca. 1560–1600, Washington, DC, National Gallery of Art (photo: © Board of Trustees,
National Gallery of Art)
9.1 Giulio Clovio, Leonor de Toledo, Duchess of Florence, ca. 1552 (photo: courtesy of
private collection)
9.2 Francisco de Holanda, Portrait of Paul III, f. 1v, Os Desenhos da Antigualhas, Ms.
28-I-20, c. 1540, San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Biblioteca del Real Monasterio de San
Lorenzo El Escorial (photo: © Patrimonio Nacional)
viii THE SPANISH PRESENCE IN SIxTEENTH-CENTuR y ITALy
9.3 Francisco de Holanda, Portrait of Michelangelo, f. 2r, Os Desenhos da Antigualhas,
Ms. 28-I-20, c. 1540, San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Biblioteca del Real Monasterio de San
Lorenzo El Escorial (photo: © Patrimonio Nacional)
9.4 Giulio Clovio, Cardinal Farnese Praying to the Virgin, ff. 46v–47r, Farnese Hours,
Ms. M. 69, ca. 1538–1546, New york, Pierpont Morgan Library (photo: © Pierpont
Morgan Library)
9.5 Giulio Clovio, Holy Family with Other Figures, ca. 1556, Paris, Musée Marmottan
(photo: Bridgman Art Library, London)
9.6 Anthonis Mor, Margaret of Austria, Philadelphia, Philadelphia Museum of Art
(photo: © Philadelphia Museum of Art, John G. Johnson Collection)
10.1 unknown artist, Portrait of the Marquis del Carpio in French-Inspired Military
Uniform with the Harbour of Lisbon in the Background, ca. 1670, Madrid, Museo del Traje
(photo: © Museo del Traje)
10.2 Federico Pesche: Portrait of the Marquis del Carpio Wearing Armour against a
Background of Scales and Bread Baskets, 1683, Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional de España
(photo: © Biblioteca Nacional de España)
10.3 John Smith after John Riley: Portrait of Gilbert Burnet, Later Bishop of Salisbury,
ca. 1689–1691, London, National Portrait Gallery (photo: © National Portrait Gallery)
10.4 Jacques Blondeau after Philipp Schor and Giuseppe Pinacci: Portrait of the
Marquis del Carpio in Traditional Spanish Attire as Newly Elected Viceroy of Naples, 1682,
Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional de España (photo: © Biblioteca Nacional de España)
List of Abbreviations
AGS Archivo General de Simancas, Simancas
AMAE Archives du Ministère des Affaires Étrangères,
La Courneuve (Seine-Saint-Denis)
AMB Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan
ASF Archivio di Stato di Firenze, Florence
ASMn Archivio di Stato di Mantova, Mantua
ASN Archivio di Stato di Napoli, Naples
ASR Archivio di Stato di Roma, Rome
ASV Archivio Segreto Vaticano, Vatican City
ASVn Archivio di Stato di Venezia, Venice
BAV Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vatican City
BFBMS Biblioteca de la Fundación Bartolomé March Servera,
Palma (Majorca)
BMV Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, Venice
BSNSP Biblioteca della Società Napoletana di Storia Patria, Naples