The Spanish Armada 1588 by John Pine

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Title: The Spanish Armada, 1588
The Tapestry Hangings of the House of Lords representing
the several engagements between the English and Spanish
Fleets.

Author: John Pine

Illustrator: John Pine

Release Date: April 6, 2018 [EBook #56927]

Language: English

Character set encoding: UTF-8

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THE

SPANISH ARMADA,

1588.

THE TAPESTRY HANGINGS OF THE HOUSE OF LORDS.

REPRESENTING THE SEVERAL ENGAGEMENTS BETWEEN THE

ENGLISH AND SPANISH FLEETS.

BY

JOHN PINE, Engraver.

REPRODUCED IN HELIOTYPE FROM AN ORIGINAL COPY IN THE

COLLECTION OF CHARLES HERVEY TOWNSHEND.

WITH

An Appendix containing Biographical Sketches of the Principal English Commanders

Knighted by the Admiral at Sea, July 26, 1588.

BOSTON:

PUBLISHED BY HOUGHTON, OSGOOD AND COMPANY.

The Riverside Press, Cambridge.

1878.

Copyright, 1878,

By CHARLES HERVEY TOWNSHEND

RIVERSIDE, CAMBRIDGE

STEREOTYPED AND PRINTED BY
H. O. HOUGHTON AND COMPANY

THE

TAPESTRY HANGINGS

OF THE

HOUSE of LORDS:

Representing the several

ENGAGEMENTS

BETWEEN THE

ENGLISH and SPANISH FLEETS,

In the ever memorable Year MDLXXXVIII,

With the

Portraits of the Lord High-Admiral, and the other

Noble Commanders, taken from the Life.

To which are added,

From a Book entitled, Expeditionis Hispanorum in Angliam vera Descriptio, A.D. 1588, done, as is supposed, for

the said Tapestry to be work’d after,

Ten CHARTS of the Sea-Coasts of England,

And a General One of

England, Scotland, Ireland, France, Holland, &c.

Shewing the Places of Action between the two Fleets;

Ornamented with

MEDALS struck upon that Occasion,

And other suitable Devices.

Also

An Historical Account of each Day’s Action, Collected from the most Authentic Manuscripts and Writers.

By JOHN PINE, Engraver.

LONDON, MDCCXXXIX.

Sold by J. Pine in Old Bond Street near Picadilly.

I

TO THE

K I N G.

SIR,

Humbly beg Leave to present to Your Majesty, these Representations of the Hangings in the House of Lords,
which contain the several Victories obtained against the King of Spain in 1588.

That the same glorious Success may attend your Majesty, whenever your Fleets shall be engaged with any of

your Majesty’s Enemies, is the hearty Prayer of

Your MAJESTY’s

Most dutiful and most obedient

Subject and Servant,

JOHN PINE.

S U B S C R I B E R S.

His Royal Highness the PRINCE of WALES.

His Royal Highness the DUKE.

His most Serene Highness the PRINCE of ORANGE.

H

IS Grace the Duke of St. Alban’s.

His Grace the Duke of Ancaster.
His Grace the Duke of Argyll and Greenwich.
His Grace the Duke of Athol.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Albemarle.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Aylesford.
The Right Honourable the Lord Abergavenny.
The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of St. Asaph.
Sir Joseph Ayliffe, Bart. 2 Setts.
The Honourable Richard Arundell, Esq;
Richard Arnold, Esq;
Jacob Astley, Esq;
Mr. Christopher Anderson.

His Grace the Duke of Beaufort.
His Grace the Duke of Bedford.
His Grace the Duke of Bolton.
His Grace the Duke of Buccleugh.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Burlington, 2 Setts.
The Right Honourable the Lord Bruce.
The Right Honourable the Lord Bathurst.
The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Bangor, 2 Setts.
The Right Honourable the Lord Vere Beauclerk.
The Right Honourable the Lord Baltimore.
Sir George Beaumont, Bart.
Sir John Bland, Bart.
Sir Roger Burgogne, Bart.
Sir Thomas Brand, Knt.
Thomas Bacon, Esq;
Henry Barham, Esq;
William Barners, Esq;
Nicholas Bayley, Esq;
Nathanael Blackerby, Esq;
The Honourable Martin Bladen, Esq;
Thomas Bladen, Esq;
Walter Blackett, Esq;
Robert Bristow, Esq;
Thomas Brian, Esq;
Alexander Brodie, Esq;
Josiah Burchett, Esq;
The Rev. Dr. John Burton, Master of Winchester School.
Robert Burd, Esq;
Samuel Burroughs, Esq;
Robert Byng, Esq;
His Grace the Duke of Chandos.
The Right Honourable the Marquis of Caernarvon.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Cardigan.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Coventry.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Chesterfield.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Cholmondeley.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Clarendon and Rochester.
The Right Honourable the Earl Cowper.

The Right Honourable the Earl Cowper.
The Right Honourable the Lord Craven.
The Right Honourable the Lord Carteret.
Sir James Campbell, Bart.
Sir William Carew, Bart.
Sir John Hinde Cotton, Bart.
Sir William Courtenay, Bart.
Sir Francis Child, Knt. Alderman of London.
Sir Clement Cottrell, Knt.
Trinity College Library in the University of Cambridge.
Richard Chandler, Esq;
James Chetham, Esq;
The Rev. Dr. Alured Clarke.
Matthew Clarke, M. D.
John Codrington, Esq;
John Conduit, Esq;
Thomas Copleston, Esq;
Thomas Corbett, Esq;
The Honourable Spencer Cowper, Esq;
William Cowper, Esq;
James Cockburn, Esq;
John Crawley, Esq;
Mrs. Crewe.
John Crewe, Jun. Esq;
Joseph Crewe, Esq;
Thomas Crosse, Esq;
Andrew Crosse, Esq;
John Crosse, Esq;
Philip Carter, A. M.
Mr. Charles Cary.
His Grace the Duke of Devonshire.
His Grace the Duke of Dorset.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Darnley.
The Right Honourable the Lord De La Warr.
Sir James Dashwood, Bart. 2 Setts.
Sir Francis Henry Drake, Bart.
Sir Charles Dalton, Knt.
The Honourable General James Dormer.
Robert Douglas, Esq;
Mr. James Deacon, Jun.
Andrew Ducarel, Esq;
James Douglas, Esq;
Thomas Duncombe, Esq;

The Right Honourable the Earl of Exeter.
The Right Honourable the Countess of Exeter.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Effingham.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Egmont.
Sir Richard Ellys, Bart.
The Honourable Richard Edgcumbe, Esq;
The Honourable George Evens, Esq;
Mr. Charles Egleton.

The Right Honourable the Earl of Fitz-Walter.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Findlater.
The Right Honourable the Lord Viscount Falconbergh.
The Right Honourable the Lord Foley.
The Honourable Mr. Justice Fortescue.
Sir Robert Fagg, Bart.
Sir John Frederick, Bart.
Sir Andrew Fountaine, Knt.
The Honourable John Finch, Esq; of Cavendish Square.
The Honourable Duncan Forbes, Esq;
Nicholas Fenwick, Esq;
Thomas Foley, Jun. Esq;
Matthew Frampton, M. D. of Oxford.

Matthew Frampton, M. D. of Oxford.
Thomas Frederick, Esq;
Richard Frewin, M. D. of Oxford.

His Grace the Duke of Grafton.
The Right Honourable the Lord North and Guilford.
The Right Honourable the Lord Gower.
The Right Honourable the Lord Gallway.
The Right Honourable the Lord Grey.
The Right Honourable the Lady Eliz. Germain. 2 Setts.
Sir Robert Grosvenor, Bart.
The Honourable William Leveson Gower, Esq;
Henry Gardie, Esq;
Francis Gaussend, Esq;
Edward Gibbon, Esq;
Westby Gill, Esq;
William Gore, Esq;
Edward Le Grande, Esq;
Charles Gray, Esq; of Colchester.
Mr. John Godfrey.

His Grace the Duke of Hamilton and Brandon.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Hallifax.
The Right Honourable the Lord Hardwick.
Nicholas Hardinge, Esq;
Edward Harley, Esq;
Michael Harvey, Esq;
Carleton Hayward, Esq;
Col. Thomas Herbert.
Francis Haywood, Esq;
Thomas Hill, Esq;
The Reverend Dr. Hodges, Provost of Oriel College Oxford.
Henry Hoare, Esq;
Richard Hoare, Esq;
Thomas Strangways Horner, Esq;
John Hylton, Esq;
William Handley, Esq;
Mr. Samuel Haynes.
Mr. Gerrard Howard.

The Right Honourable the Lord Viscount Irwin.
Sir William Irby, Bart.
Sir Justinian Isham, Bart.
The Honourable and Reverend Mr. Ingram.
Captain Thomas James.
Colonel Charles Ingram.

His Grace the Duke of Kent.
Sir John Lister Kaye, Bart.
Edward Kinaston, Esq;
Thomas King, Esq;

His Grace the Duke of Leeds.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Litchfield.
The Right Honourable the Lord Lovell.
The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Landaff.
The Right Honourable the Lord Chief Justice Lee.
Sir Darcy Lever, Knt. LL. D.
Lancelot Charles Lake, Esq;
John Lethieullier, Esq;
George Liddell, Esq;
Thomas Lister, Esq;
Mr. Charles Lowth.

His Grace the Duke of Marlborough.
His Grace the Duke of Montague.
His Grace the Duke of Manchester.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Macclesfield.

The Right Honourable the Earl of Macclesfield.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Malton.
The Right Honourable the Lord Monson.
Sir John Morgan, Bart.
Sir William Morris, Bart. 2 Setts.
J. R. Madan, Esq;
Pierce Manaton, M. D. of Oxford.
Benjamin Martyn, Esq;
Thomas Master, Esq;
Thomas May, Esq;
Richard Mead, M. D.
Philip Mercier, Esq; 2 Setts.
Richard Mitchell, Esq;
John Michell, Esq;
—— Maule, Esq;
Thomas Morgan, Esq;
Thomas Mostyn, Esq;
Mr. Solomon Merrett.

His Grace the Duke of Norfolk, 2 Setts.
His Grace the Duke of Newcastle.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Northampton.
Sir Michael Newton, Bart.
The Honourable James Noel, Esq;
George Noyes, Esq;

The Right Honourable the Earl of Orrery.
The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Ossory.
The Right Honourable Arthur Onslow, Esq; Speaker of the H. of Commons.
General James Oglethorpe.
Nathanael Oldham, Esq;
Leak Okeover, Esq;
Samuel Ongley, Esq;
William Osbaldeston, Esq;
Jonathan Oldham, Painter.
Mr. Edward Oakley.

In the University of Oxford the following Libraries,

Christ-Church College.
Trinity College.
All-Souls College.
Jesus College.
Wadham College.

His Grace the Duke of Portland.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Pembroke.
The Right Honourable Micajah Perry, Esq; Lord Mayor of London.
The Honourable Mr. Justice Probyn.
Sir Erasmus Philipps, Bart.
The Honourable Henry Pelham, Esq;
The Honourable Stephen Poyntz, Esq;
Charles Palmer, Esq;
Humphry Parsons, Esq; Alderman of London.
Thomas Pitt, Esq;
John Plumptree, Esq;
David Polhill, Esq;
Arthur Pollard, Esq;
Thomas Potter, Esq;
Richard Powys, Esq;
Newdigate Poyntz, Esq;
Thomas Prowse, Esq;
Mr. John Perkins.
Mr. William Pate, Woollen-Draper.

His Grace the Duke of Queensberry.

His Grace the Duke of Richmond, Lenox, and Aubigny, 2 Setts.

His Grace the Duke of Richmond, Lenox, and Aubigny, 2 Setts.
His Grace the Duke of Rutland.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Rockingham.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Rochford.
The Right Honourable the Lord Romney.
The Right Honourable the Lord Raymond.
The Right Honourable the Lord Chief Baron Reynolds.
Geard. Andrew Reiche, Esq; 2 Setts.
Richard Rawlinson, LL. D. R. S. S.
Francis Reynolds, Esq;
William Robinson, Esq;
Mr. John Rocque.

The Right Honourable the Earl of Suffolk.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Shaftsbury.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Scarborough.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Strafford.
The Right Honourable the Earl Stanhope.
The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Sarum.
The Right Honourable the Lord Charles Noel Somerset.
Sir Jer. Vanacker Sambrooke, Bart.
Sir William Sanderson, Bart.
Sir Brownlow Sherard, Bart.
Sir Hans Sloane, Bart.
Sir William Stapleton, Bart.
The Honourable Edward Southwell, Esq;
The Honourable John Spencer, Esq;
Samuel Sandys, Esq;
The Reverend Mr. Archdeacon Sayer.
Charles Savage, Esq;
John Sawbridge, Esq;
Thomas Scawen, Esq;
Gervaise Scroope, Esq;
John Selwyn, Esq;
Thomas Sergison, Esq;
Edward Seymour, Esq;
Peter Shakerley, Esq;
The Honourable John Sherard, Esq;
Powell Snell, Esq;
The Reverend Dr. Shippen, Principal of Brasen-Nose College, Oxford.
Uriah Shudal, Esq;
Richard Shuttleworth, Esq;
Theodore Smith, Esq;
Robert Smith, Esq;
James Sotheby, Esq;
Paulet St. John, Esq;
Mr. Charles Scriven.
Mr. Symonds, Bookseller.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Tankerville.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Thomond.
The Right Honourable the Lord Viscount Torrington.
The Right Honourable the Lord Viscount Tyrconnel.
The Right Honourable the Lord Talbot.
The Right Honourable and Reverend Richard Trevor, D.D.
John Talbot, Esq;
John Tempest, Esq;
The Honourable John Temple, Esq;
The Reverend Dr. Thistlethwayte, Warden of Wadham College, Oxon.
Edward Thompson, Esq;
Robert Trefusis, Esq;
Cholmly Turner, Esq;

William Vaughan, Esq;

The Right Honourable the Earl of Warwick and Holland.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Warrington, 4 Setts.
The Right Honourable the Earl Waldegrave.

The Right Honourable the Earl Waldegrave.
The Right Honourable the Earl of Wilmington.
The Right Honourable Sir Robert Walpole.
The Right Honourable the Lord Chief Justice Willes.
Sir Thomas Webster, Bart.
Sir Thomas Wheate, Bart.
Sir William Wyndham, Bart.
Sir George Wynne, Bart.
Sir Charles Wager, Knt.
Sir George Walter, Knt.
Edward Walpole, Esq;
James West, Esq;
Francis Whitworth, Esq;
Lawrence Williams, Esq;
Charles Hanbury Williams, Esq;
Watkins Williams Wynn, Esq;
William Wilmer, Esq;
Mr. John Williams.
Mr. Timothy Wyld.
The Rev. Mr. John Wyatt, Master of Felsted School, in Essex.

The Right-Honourable Sir William Yonge, Bart.

N A M E S O M I T T E D.

The Right Honourable the Lord Petre.
The Right Honourable the Lord Sherard Manners.
The Honourable Sir John Eyles, Bart. Postmaster General.
Papillion Ball, Esq;
John Carew, Esq;

Mr. Thomas Hyam, Merchant.
Mr. Andrews Jelfe.
Charles Peers, Esq;
William Roope, Esq;

T

AN

ACCOUNT

OF THE

SPANISH INVASION

In the Year mdlxxxviii.

HE Defeat of the Spanish Armada being the most glorious Victory that was ever obtained at Sea, and the most
important to the British Nation, every Method deserves some Praise, that may in a suitable Manner propagate the

Memory of it. Our Ancestors, that were personally interested in it, were so careful it should not pass into Oblivion, that
they procured the Engagements between the two Fleets to be represented in ten curious Pieces of Tapestry, with the
Portraits of the several English Captains, taken from the Life, worked in the Borders, which are now placed, some in
the Royal Wardrobe, some in the House of Lords, the most august Assembly of the Kingdom, there to remain as a
lasting Memorial of the Triumphs of British Valour, guided by British Counsels. But because Time, or Accident, or
Moths may deface these valuable Shadows, we have endeavoured to preserve their Likeness in the preceding Prints,
which, by being multiplied and dispersed in various Hands, may meet with that Security from the Closets of the
Curious, which the Originals must scarce always hope for, even from the Sanctity of the Place they are kept in.

Thus far we have been able to go within our own Province; but as a more particular Detail of the Circumstances of

this glorious Expedition, which lye blended in our Histories with other Matters, may not be altogether unacceptable, we
shall beg Leave to offer the following brief Account of it, collected from the most authentic Writers and Manuscripts.

T

SECT. I.

HE Author and Undertaker of this ever memorable Expedition was Philip II. King of Spain, eldest Son of the
renowned Emperor Charles V. In the Year 1554, he married Mary I. Queen of England, with a View of uniting,

by this Marriage, the English Dominions to those large and noble Territories of which he was Heir-Apparent. But all
his Projects were defeated by a False-Conception the Queen had in 1555; and especially by her Death, which
happened on Novemb. 17, 1558.—In 1555, October 25, he became King of Spain, and the Dominions and
Territories thereunto belonging, upon the voluntary Resignation of his Father Charles V.

As to King Philip’s real Views and Motives in this Expedition, they seem to have been these:
I. A firm Hope and certain Prospect as he imagin’d, of easily acquiring so considerable an Addition to his

Dominions, as the flourishing Kingdoms of England and Ireland. Kingdoms whose Advantages and Excellencies he
was well acquainted withal; and from whence he could be continually supplied with Tin, Lead, Wool, and many other
useful, necessary, and profitable Commodities.

II. He was also excited by another Motive, which is generally sufficient for Conquerors; and it was this: England and

Ireland stood very convenient for him, as being near his Dominions in the Low-Countries; and might, by their
advantageous Situation, and the many good Harbours they abound with, have rendered him Master of the Trade and
Navigation of these Northern Parts of the World; and, what is more, they would have enabled him to carry it on
throughout all North and South-America, exclusively of all others; which is such an Advantage as cannot well be
expressed.

III. Moreover these Islands had proved, and might always prove a grievous Thorn in his Side. For, by reason of

their Situation, the English could, at any Time, almost totally obstruct the Navigation of the Netherlands, and destroy
all their Traffick by Sea. Because, as it must unavoidably be carried on almost within Sight of the British Coasts, so
long as the Inhabitants of those Islands remained independent of him[1], and were Masters at Sea, they could seize, with
the utmost Ease, the Shipping sent from the Ports of Flanders to the several Parts of the World. What lay therefore so
convenient, and was in other Hands so dangerous a Neighbour, must be purchas’d at any Rate.

IV. Revenge may be assigned as another Motive of this Expedition. Queen Elizabeth had assisted all along the

States of the United Provinces, in their several Attempts to shake off the Spanish Yoke. Now, that surely was a very
great Provocation: And Forgiveness of Injuries, it is well known, was then, no more than at present, a Spaniard’s
Virtue. To be revenged therefore of such a constant Enemy as Elizabeth had been, may well be suppos’d to have been
an additional Inducement to this Undertaking.

V. This other important Motive is assigned by Hakluyt[2]: “King Philip deemed this to be the most ready and direct

Course, to recover his hereditary Possession of the Low-Countries. For, having with little Advantage, for above
twenty Years together, waged War against the Netherlands, after mature Deliberation, he thought it most convenient to
assault them once more by Sea, which had been fruitlessly attempted several Times before for want of sufficient
Forces. And he thought good to begin with England, being persuaded, that the Conquest of that Island was less
difficult than the Conquest of Holland and Zealand. Moreover, the Spaniards were of Opinion, that it would be far
more behoveful for their King to conquer England and the Low-Countries at once, than to be constrained continually
to maintain a warlike Navy, to defend his East and West-India Fleets from the English.”

These (with a Desire of restoring the Roman-Catholick Religion) seem to have been the real and true Motives of

this great Expedition.

The Reasons alleged by Philip were these[3]:

I. That Elizabeth had, from the first assisted his rebellious Subjects in the Netherlands, with Men and Money, and

spirited them up against him, her greatest Friend and Benefactor; whom she was indebted to for her Life, when her
Sister Queen Mary and Gardiner were for removing her out of the Way.

II. Drake, and others of her Subjects, had committed several Depredations in Spain and America.
III. She had been so unnatural as to stop his Money, when, for fear of Pirates, it had been landed in her Dominions;

and had put an Embargo on the Vessels employed to carry it to the Low-Countries: (As is related by Camden, under
the Year 1568.)

IV. She had acknowledged his Enemy Don Antonio King of Portugal, and armed him against Spain.
V. That it was by her Instruction and Advice the Duke of Alençon had been crowned King of Brabant.
VI. And, moreover, she herself had accepted the Sovereignty of the Low-Countries, and sent the Earl of Leicester

thither with considerable Forces; which was an open Declaration of War.

VII. That he undertook it, to revenge the Death of the innocent Queen of Scots.
VIII. And in Compliance with the Holy Father Innocent VIII.’s earnest Injunctions, who ceased not to exhort and

importune him, to abolish Heresy in England, and replant the Roman-Catholick Religion there.