The South African Gandhi: stretcher-bearer of empire PDF
Preview The South African Gandhi: stretcher-bearer of empire
THE SOUTH AFRICAN GANDHI SOUTH ASIA IN MOTION EDITOR Thomas Blom Hansen EDITORIAL BOARD Sanjib Baruah Anne Blackburn Satish Deshpande Faisal Devji Christophe Jaffrelot Naveeda Khan Stacey Leigh Pigg Mrinalini Sinha Ravi Vasudevan THE S OUTH A FRI C AN G A N DHI STRETCHER-BEARER OF EMPIRE ASHWIN DESAI AND GOOLAM VAHED STANFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS STANFORD, CALIFORNIA Stanford University Press Stanford, California ©2016 Ashwin Desai and Goolam Vahed Maps of South Africa and Natal (1910) by Saumya Sethia. Originating publisher: Navayana Publishing Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, India, 2015. Published in the USA by Stanford University Press. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system without the prior written permission of Stanford University Press. Printed in the United States of America on acid-free, archival-quality paper Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Desai, Ashwin, author. The South African Gandhi : stretcher-bearer of empire / Ashwin Desai and Goolam Vahed. pages cm -- (South Asia in motion) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8047-9608-8 (cloth : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-0-8047-9717-7 (pbk. : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-0-8047-9722-1 (electronic) 1. Gandhi, Mahatma, 1869-1948--Political and social views. 2. Gandhi, Mahatma, 1869-1948--Relations with British. 3. East Indians--South Africa--Politics and government. 4. South Africa--Race relations--History--19th century. 5. South Africa--Race relations--History--20th century. 6. Great Britain--Colonies--Africa-- History. I. Vahed, Goolam H., 1961- author. II. Title. III. Series: South Asia in motion. DS481.G3D39 2015 968.04'9092--dc23 [B] 2015029758 Typeset in Dante MT Std at Navayana Contents A Note on Sources 7 List of Abbreviations 9 About the Authors 11 Map of South Africa, 1910 14 Map of Natal, 1910 17 1 The Remains of Empire 19 2 Brown over Black 30 3 The War Within 49 4 Truth as Experiments 66 5 Gandhi’s Lieutenants 76 6 Shadow-Boxing on the Highveld 90 7 The Bhambatha Rebellion 101 8 The Black Act 119 9 Union and its Discontents 134 10 Hind Swaraj 148 11 The Moderate as Messiah 161 12 Stalemates and New Openings 171 13 Women on the March 185 14 Border Crossings 194 15 The Rajah is Coming 212 16 Striking at the Heart of Cities 228 17 The Provisional Agreement 241 18 The Adjudication 256 19 Goodbye Mr Gandhi 269 20 Man of Peace, Man of War 280 21 Between Leaving and Returning 296 References 307 Acknowledgements 323 Index 324 A Note on Sources This study is based on three key sources: the Collected Works of Mahat- ma Gandhi (CWMG), newspapers and archival material. The references to CWMG are from the Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi (electronic book), New Delhi, Publications Division, Government of India, 1999, 98 volumes. While some of our initial research was done using the printed version of CWMG, the volume and page numbers differ from the elec- tronic version and in order to be consistent, we have standardised all ref- erences to the electronic version. We also extensively used Indian Opin- ion, the newspaper started by Gandhi, which provided his perspective on issues along with reports from other national and global newspapers. Important sources that provided contemporary reports on events as they unfolded, and were often at odds with Gandhi’s perspectives, were Natal-based newspapers such as Indian Views, African Chronicle, Natal Mer- cury, Natal Advertiser, and Natal Witness, besides archival sources. Hard copies of the newspapers are available at the Bessie Head Library in Pi- etermaritzburg and we would like to thank Ms Ishara Singh for her as- sistance in accessing these. At the Killie Campbell Library, University of KwaZulu-Natal, we consulted African Chronicle and Ilanga Lase Natal. A graduate student in history at the university, Percy Ngonyama, searched the Ilanga newspaper and translated relevant articles into English. Where articles from these newspapers are reproduced in Indian Opin- ion or CWMG we have, as far as possible, listed both references. Archival material is stored at the Pietermaritzburg Archives Reposi- tory, where we consulted several collections. A reference such as ‘NAB, AGO 1.8.146, 783/1913, 31 December 1913’ means the document was accessed at the Pietermaritzburg Archives Repository (NAB) from the collection ‘Attorney General’s Office’ (AGO); the other details are to the specific document numbers and date. These sources and the newspapers helped to shed light on the many individuals other than Gandhi and his immediate circle who played a role in shaping the history of this period. We thank the the staff of the archive for their cooperation.
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