PALGRAVE STUDIES IN SOUND The Sound inside the Silence Travels in the Sonic Imagination Seán Street Palgrave Studies in Sound Series Editor Mark Grimshaw-Aagaard Musik Aalborg University Aalborg, Denmark Palgrave Studies in Sound is an interdisciplinary series devoted to the topic of sound with each volume framing and focusing on sound as it is conceptualized in a specific context or field. In its broad reach, Studies in Sound aims to illuminate not only the diversity and complexity of our understanding and experience of sound but also the myriad ways in which sound is conceptualized and utilized in diverse domains. The series is edited by Mark Grimshaw-Aagaard, The Obel Professor of Music at Aalborg University, and is curated by members of the university’s Music and Sound Knowledge Group. Editorial Board Mark Grimshaw-Aagaard (series editor) Martin Knakkergaard Mads Walther-Hansen Kristine Ringsager Editorial Committee Michael Bull Barry Truax Trevor Cox Karen Collins More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/15081 Seán Street The Sound inside the Silence Travels in the Sonic Imagination Seán Street Faculty of Media and Communication Bournemouth University Poole, UK Palgrave Studies in Sound ISBN 978-981-13-8448-6 ISBN 978-981-13-8449-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8449-3 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover image: oxygen This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore An attentive ear is the desire of a wise man Ecclesiasticus 3:29 (KJV) I hear it in the deep heart’s core. W. B. Yeats: ‘The Lake Isle of Innisfree’ To Jo Preface In his work, De Anima, (On the Soul), Aristotle begins his examination of the sense of hearing thus: ‘…Sound is in two ways, one in actuality, the other in potentiality’ (Aristotle, 176). There is really no better way to explain the intent behind this book than that, and of the two sonic species identified by him, it is the second that in particular identifies the nature and essence of the journeys undertaken here. It is the third and last part of a trilogy that began with Sound Poetics and continued with Sound at the Edge of Perception. When the latter was published in 2018, a friend suggested that my books were growing quieter; if that has been in fact the case, and I suspect it is, then this writing is where silence takes over; at least, that is our starting point, but only insofar as it provides the blank canvas required for imaginative sound to create its pictures and transport us elsewhere. Like its predecessors, this is a poetic exploration in at least two senses of the word; it will invoke the voices of writers and poets as guides to the sound world, and it will seek to explore its subject in the spirit of those voices, rather than as a writing of technical exposition. It is also a highly personal journey, because it is the only way I know of to ask some of the questions this book poses. In writing this, I have been ix x Preface trying to listen to myself listening, and what I think I have heard is something that can only be accounted for by the employment of an old fashioned and some would say overly romantic word: ‘wonder’. To lis- ten and to hear is one thing, to locate the whispers of response inside the imagination is another, but it would all be as nothing if it did not engender wonder at the music of everything, because it is that wonder that makes us go on listening to the world. Needless to say, as the jour- ney has progressed, one question has provoked another, and then more; this is why I have found myself turning to the minds of so many others who have heard things and then tried to explain what it was that they heard. This too reflects the personal nature of the quest; on any long journey, it is reassuring to have friends around you, and I have found myself turning back to a number of familiar literary voices to provide moments of sonic illumination: Lucy Boston, Charles Dickens, Emily Dickinson, Robert Frost and Edward Thomas appear among others at various parts of the story, and for me, their perceptions help to clar- ify my own. Out of all these thoughts and ideas, my greatest wish in making this text is that something in it may speak with its own voice to those who hear poetry in sound, as well as sound in poetry, and who consider that listening is fundamental to understanding the world. Here, beginning with an open space, a field of consciousness as much as it is a piece of physical terrain, I hope we will people appar- ent silence (whether or not it actually exists—we shall debate that too) with sounds, music and imaginative possibilities that enables us to travel through time and space to the distant past, the infinite future and even to the afterlife, without stirring from where we are. Such is the wonder of the sonic imagination, because while sound is made up of events, it is our perception and psychic invention that gives it meaning and sig- nificance. Of course, it gets harder, this fishing for sound through active listening, because all the time, the world shouts louder and louder, and it is easier to shout over it than to wait and attend to the quiet voices beneath the cacophony, the whispers that may, in the end, be more important than anything else. Sound recording, despite being with us since the nineteenth century, still only provides an auditory witness in technical terms to a fraction of history. On the other hand, human beings have been recording sound Preface xi ever since they set foot on earth, through marks, paintings and words. It is in these that may be heard the voices of our ancestors and the world through which they moved, and there is much to learn from them. Likewise, the places in which we are rooted, begin and/or grow, are made of the sounds that fuel our trajectory into the world; the music of where we are is also the song of who we are, whether it be a pastoral hill- side in dream England, or in downtown Memphis, Tennessee. Sound goes direct from heart to heart, which is why radio and its developing descendents continue to speak across boundaries and classes, opening imagination and painting colours that belong to everyone, while yet remaining intensely personal to each individual. We all carry our own sonic rainbow, and it is ours, because we made it out the raw materials of listening. We take all this on the journey, just as we take the sound of the voices that made us, the dialects and grain drawn from region and town, and the people who, no longer physically heard, continue to travel alongside us in memory, speaking to us in the sound beneath the silence that is always there, always attentive and recording and playing back. We respond to memory, just as we hear with our eyes, emotion- ally; walk into an art gallery, and you join a continuing conversation that immediately includes you, triggering new ideas while at the same time acting as a mnemonic. Stand in front of a sculptural group, and listen, tune in; there are voices deep in the stone, striving to be heard by the sympathetic imagination. It is all simply a question of wavelengths; everything has a voice, although in the twittering world of media, it becomes harder to differentiate between truth and fake, between friend- ship and self-promoting oratory; the world can shout virtually as well as physically, and the mobile screens we carry in our pockets offer no res- pite. In this respect, hearing (in auditory terms or virtually) may be one thing, but listening is quite another; it is all about selection from the multifarious wavebands that bombard us. We are in the end what we hear, or rather what we listen to and absorb; we are receivers as well as transmitters, and coming to the last full stop of this book, and to the conclusion of the journey that has led to it, there is still a sense that we have really only returned to the start, or rather, reached a new starting point, a new season of sonic awareness,