The Soul and Its Instrumental Body: A Reinterpretation of Aristotle's Philosophy of Living Nature

196 Pages·2003·45.04 MB·English

by  A. P. Bos

BRILL’S STUDIES
IN
INTELLECTUAL, HISTORY

J. Toner, Universi
“)D. Norra, Univer
REL, Ponts, Wishing

THE SOULAND —
ITS INSTRUMENTAL BODY

A Reintespretation of Aristotle's
Philosophy of Living Nature

by

AP ROS

BRILL
LELDLN™ BOSTON.
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Library of Congress Catalosingin-Publcaion Data

1 ca Bl tin to i ISSN RBA =
elk grail tees le
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ISON sh 1804

wen lim amar
schiagaeietae

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TABLE OF CONTENIS

Chapter On Avstode's phology reconsidered
“The Ds ania a the Paes
The pce o- Denia n the whote of Asstode's
Pawn and ether.
‘Whar precise isthe meaning of “shea piesnon
nbn

Chapter Two: The modem debate on Arte’ psychology
W Jorgen (1928) .
Fy. Nayens (1059)
©, Verbeke (1945)
T Bock M51),
Morante (1955),
MG, Nussbaum (1978;
(. Frewenthal (1995)

Cispter Three: Puna the sani of the sul in De mst
Th theory af Demat antnabum 10
The pevious ctapters
The common cause of movement
“The movement of easos-and mieracestnos
Inairumentalise and eshersetc instrument

‘Chapter Fane What dy eat fo: ceceving tbe soul
{De ssine 13, ADTDLSEH
The place of he aniaaie the Corp
Deeananal 2, AN7D1826
The dais of Pain and he Fytagarcanaenized
“The deals of Aric’ vce
The arguments unlesbing Avner’ ction
Docs Aristo himself ners the veguivemens whieh he

lays dens for Fix preddenesson? or
A enue ile 58
(Carpentry aad itsinarurserte 62
Ancter possible exsianation of 13, 10762 66

Criticism of the lek aan cfiione tause in Pleas ast
logy according tw Asitole’s Mathie

(Chapter Boe: Arisere's new psychology in Deanna TL 2, 69
Anncwapotoaeh io Be entaal wo
Beanie | does nat mention esttisr Arete prions 70

A tat ente echy n
Natal bodies ¥
Nawal bodies posessing If 8
A natural dy tai agent ss
De anioa Il Wale presupposes an “onganne sda of
the soul 9
the paige whic Fas encouraged the mistake:

Dranimatl AT614 9%
A qyberneti instruttentabel pipchelogy ow
Th wd wie pal ai istrict

boa at
“The unity ofthe pars ofthe soul wits ene instrumental

bck vos
“The nutitive si val conmected with a instrumental

dae 109
The fal pus af De wna Tey
he soul and thae whic receives the soul M4
Alink with De ania 3 ni
The correct reading of Deana I 1.41381 615, 7
Notes om Peanina I and 4 na
The clocolateBcsoy, che tenpocnt, sad the conmpur
peogran 120
The soal asthe formal since of the sou body and the
vfrible so? 1

(exer Six The a Fase bay 8 He le
Ship (Deaniwa I 1, $1285) Les
The instru xy ever te ai he

“The insrmmental bedy as ever atthe soul
the backgrourd athe concept of ratio

[Chapter Seven: Atos problems with the stanéardl psyches
Togical theaties
Sn sof Lovses, human beings sh gol
“ht which possesses sa
Comwrcal wed nen comporeal setstes of tbe sou
I whut ses ie the soul te principle of movement?
The sul tsa unoved nose
Lirason oF the intellect from te bored sth the

‘sul whe Tees The boa
Vly lo plats ane some animals sey aive ater bring ct

CChopter Light: The sule ef wal heat and provmais|
Lie genrations mati
Emphisison the eilieksnt eae ie Ds gnonatons
sooo,

‘The sexual iferentanior of ining eeatires ist present

in thei sous
The pretarmation theery revi; esigenesis aeepe
Ihe proc she producer, al the means ef production
An arte foci peep ad passive matte
Thedvine factor ial ta ves
Thevehice ofthe divine ficor (De gevortiane aati
13, T30NBO7ITAP
Be ener noson H 5, T3HH2OTITAT,
‘wor saeane by the dyans of every su
nace the ‘dierert ane more asine bay?
hac meant by hts something 3
Hove do souls dtr sale
The bist ofthe il
Sponsnenins generation
Adulional remarks.

1. Seed and fut

2, Grom egus and entre

ace in sla

5. How ate living erentnrex generate fos eats

ta diferent kind?

us

M6

us
ve
Chapter Nine:‘Pre abies the relation of the soul 9 the bey
that ceiver ou Artois De longue tbat
The medern deaste er te Zaye waar,

De angie ete tne

Tonstation of Astle, De indie Britt
Anas athe tex’ prem

nave esplenation

Ihe deca of secslewtl qualities: Knosledge and bealth
Whe s the relatinnship of som with sina?

Does Arte mean fie in "the upper part of te

(Ov does Arse mean by Te” the sta heat o eng
What the meaning of tire above

Whi was able to fol the argument of Br lang

(chapter Ten: Puouma and the theory «sl In De mud

[Chapter tleven: The ultimate problem: how di Aristo relate
the intellect, which is rot bond up wi en 0 he soul,
sshich sais cennectee wth sin
Aristotle doctrine uf the setation of inelleet ad sa
“The immanent divine and the taacerident divine
The astal dyoomis hingsabmr psvchie wal activi
The presence of intellect n the sublanary sphere
The intellect that eames from ents’

Gicero on the “quote stot

‘Ghprer Tile: AMHode's Lat woke dhe ontequetees of
Feinterprsting the prchology of Dr ani.
The net reconsie= the acublem ofthe Las works
Lanblishus” Pres ane Astle’ Prtpes.

{Chapter Phirteen: Le utonmation on Anite’ a
“The ile of Fudeunus of Cypris.
Ison of de sul oe tna of Mo eles?
How serious andl scientific was the Buon
Rejection of Plates sheory of anamnesis

ve revelation of Silents 10 King Mich on roan’ eieg
astanger

‘Man athe produce of toghins demon,

The les of the Blessed

Conater Fourteen; The Bit element asthe sbatane of the
‘ol
Gieero on Arinoce’s theology
ive dot ine of miter esis venience
Te leawnly element as sino ofthe human soul
Does Ce eestial body of the sal Hally dsotie ato Che
‘esta phe
\sltsOrphess alo leave Bend his beloved uryaice
The shee ofthe irs’ and the ‘second dea
Tie Gctrin ofthe soul's pneumatic yhiele
‘ol tn lke light
“The doctrine af the soul a elon
The theme of the sous jourey throng he elena

The mantic pawers af she soul

CGhaprer Flicen: The eomperiwn of the seersman and hihi
‘a Aristo’ lost works and elsewhere
Hos: na beer ave nf the existence 9 gos
God as the supreme commander and yovernor af the

The nuaivat Odgers sage home
How de awareness af ges came abot according

[Chapter Sisteens ‘The sos bondage’ aecording to Tost work
by Ariat.
The Einaest livers,
‘opprenive bone! with dead bade
Inpro wl Can Here
frigate and Orphisn
W.ALG, Gutaeie’s potion on Arbus vefetion of

he nk,

1 thsigurs ype on old and yore teeent Onpie
Ppl referemeos-n he Oxphie waders He Arion

tellin Corpus a5
The wot of “unndage” doblec: bonds of icep ain bonds

of deat a
The descent of the “atonal prep ata the sphere
snort 3
Speculations em a possible syess ae
onds of sleep and otter O-phie themes in Aristotle. 344
fn Orphie -heogony ascribe! to Eudes the Peripatetic
‘Atextin the Prompticss ty Clement of Alexei. 20
Commie yor'said demons a “robbers. 1
‘Concluding remarks, 356

Chapter Seventeen: The intogration of the gssehalogy of Aristle’s
Eunos and Bis

ae 558
‘more comprehensive perspective inthe Exams tan
Deanives but not an oppesiton,

Recspitulaion ofthe arguments against ®ve tadtoasl

snterpretation of Aristotle's schoo sea
The advantages oa slurestiveienperaion of Arist’
psschology ‘iis
Cchepterghtees: Final consi¢erations and conclusions a
Selimman-aton of «wrong bypothess i
‘The deselopnen al hyaobess sometimes covers up
unsolved prob ens a
Beier in authority seience x6
‘The weakness of mans assnpions 3m
Aristo’ philosophy diinguishes ot twa but fo
ave’ a8
Tie need 16 reconscer the works of which Ariaoik's
tuihonip bs dtd. cc
Aisote's doctrine of dja 00
Ihe para leis between Aristeles psychology and hs
heolbay ost
Fittography as
Index noms 408

INTRODUCTION

4 Leoakd bogs > taersand panna Use
begin alerts Ait
TMA, Tomine eae a

Breanne
ithe zane degree as ol superior 0 body. is
trind beter and nore dine rs

Purch, none see 9A

110 book isthe ft of seed soten fn 1904, On the vee of one of
poy teieher, Pra DALT. Vollerhewen, Fad, while sing. on the
Frsian lekes fara wotk, W, Jaegers famous book vst Grwnd
hong einer Gesehichte seine: Enticbng dating fromm 1028. the
Deter acy scholars had. ecoane whol consinced, partly due co
Sides by E.Oy} Nwyens al F. Sans, thatthe philosoplay of the
reat Arstetle could only be unde-sood Fo the perszeetve of a
Historia developient, For almost thirty years mee thar frst ime
Action 10 the scholarly fsterpretation of Anstote’s work Lave been
reaped wih various facets OF Arise’ Iegary inthe Hamers a
Trees param,

For my dissertation Jha ehosen dhe subject ef Aristotle's De ets
nad becertte faseinatee. hy the doctsine of the EM element set
Sout there, This naturally lee to stude of reports in Cicero that
rise idence 4 quintessence mater which mage up net
nly estas planets hat alo hasan seus Te tle of my thesis
shows ow mel I a bees infuerced by W, Jaeger, A. Pestngire
WIC Gathrie, af Pepin tv Br cota early recaguiaed a "ea.
estar" a pre esac pile py and aes It cout he distr
she fron the ate rein whiels Aste al elaborated I
hs craphical Umer Mee

While wocking on the thesis, Calten came arrose reports ba

brig wnat Anil hal el very special octine of divine
Providence. This Provence exe operative ia dhe supratunary, sal

fihere, but dit aot extend te the human world #4 the stblanay
Sphere. Is [S76 published sal study es raesbjoee®

Almost impercepsly 1 thus agtived at the work De mands in dhe
Aristtclin Corpus, which on tke auhorily of AJ. Festive was
{ane sil is) generally hed o be pseulAriswoteisa. it 1874, how
fever, G, Reale argied a length tha the gretrds for rejection were
estremely wrath Festusiere believed Ut te bred train abou
fan Arioteli tectrine of Hine divine Pricer sss le tthe
influence af te late Hellen ste work De wid, wr ey had ronal
come 10 be reguided a8 Aritote'ian. 1 fave always beet intrigued
hhow sucha work—late and mediocre in the view of snedera
thon abe to bring out sch a brosd ut spurious tradition
regarding Arstotle's theology

Tesies reviewing Reales commentary L wrote sn articie an De
mundo which spppetred in. 1979, andthis work hax continved 6
necrosis These minds donteinae were Bly imograted in
comaletely reed elton of thy teat of De made with, omementey
instons,

Meats I had intensively stud. the fragments of Aristnle’s
lost works The siareng-point here as a repor: in Terthian that at
sone point Aristo had talked ou a drean-ng gout Kronos. is
"eme lelto thy of the Hlermetis Conpus ae Pitarch's Ds

cen ikwrnng an deo ef Paw and howe ee Be
ited ean £0. Seige On on fe et ey eyo
Kale ve di Pa Muon Jette semen Re 00) SH

ibe fnnos where the same mode of a ‘seeping? dreaming god
onan’ pied aoe!

THhese sis made it clearer eo me that Aristotle i his Los wit
sags hand alead dstingwsied herween a cosmis Wocldruler (Kec
lesan a metacosnics weecenent Ged (Zens), [ean ta sspect
Jeong shat the ‘dreaming god Kronos hd xeved asa model for

the tamcept of the slecping World sos foul in Alginous and

rota
Tlaving foul a series argumnen for eamecting the moti of
the “dreamung god Kronos’ ot with Ansiode's Proepeiews uc wi
his Laows 1 On e st eae to Uae conehason dat “he dea
nage Kronos was eate! to Avitrl'sransceaert Hirst Mover in
ie same way asthe soul as fist entolechy’ is related to the soul as
lized ence, i acrondanee wit the distnetion formated by
Aristotle in Deanne: 1, 41232536 In ths study] was heretore able
range confident for he fs ime ‘hat Cie padign of W. Jeger
hal w be abonvlaned: the basis apport regen’ parsdign, t
fimdamensal apposition between the fsenry soul in Aristode's
aden a that of De ovina, ce wo Langer be maintained
Insubsesjucnt years Len back to examine Aristotle's biological
mvtingy sant Deanne Here Veaane sere the enrons sitetion that
the view which a el is alidonally ascribed to Arivoule on the
Isis of De avin I Toes nor oeeuramsehere else in dhe Corpus
hor incleee is any rare of fe to be forind in the classes! radon

‘lying several cenmris alter Anstote's death,

Is 1005 ir hen daned pon me that there s something funda
nent wrorg wits the ter esation af the ware gan the
Aletniion of deal Arise, Deana IL. Ureatized that “go
ha aul not possibly mean “equipped wih orgaes, because every
iste ese fe the Aristotelian Corpus t seo for "serving as an
sian. lr the praets of he juin commentary wih Reale it
1005 Tiherefive propose a reinterpretation of this cefinition: Ta
letinisione del siina in Dr anima II, 119bS .. Wehbe essere

‘nsnpotata come segs Tanta & Paxtdecie del panna che Vor

spinodal nas?
Ths after thing: years # drastic reorientation af’ my views was
prompted ly the dnsighs chat there are not enough grovnds for
{eoumg change iv Aristotle's postion

"At the seane trie is lear tthe that Meger's bok was messy
to sact the development which evull lea 4 9 refutation of his
heory bao that ging, {immunized ise against possible
Felusitions.Janges demonstrated wnce and forall hat Anstode wrote
‘at afew orks hich weno longer posses, ad tba it iseraeal for
boar kn-vledge of his chou ty Jovk carefully a dhe atestacons ad
Inngments ofthese works But Jaeger ensared, too, that thee works
‘sere not used i ey to gain acces to the Aristotelian Corpus, bu
‘vere se apart tesimon es toa position abandaned by Aristotle

‘The at of the present suey is 10 show char Avsiotle’s extant
‘writings ca and shuld he consistenny read as agreeing ‘ith the
consent of his ‘as! works. This mans that Aviston’ intrrketion of
the doctrine af fh clement sis an incegral porta his liscason
With his teacher Plato on the cormos and on the soul, Jost se the
order end Wie af Ihe comes deperid on the fnematerel axa Boy,
0 the goo! of every lig dndhidual 3s inseparable fom n ‘rataca
Tn’ whic esweies eel of dicated tesa, Ave is
fdopted a position which moves cleatly away fromm his great and
sadnired teacher ato, and hick andeipaced the hslozoltie costo
Tegan psyhology ot te Sta,

Tat this theare cn only be seyued fea Ye shown thse dhe
explanation of Aristotle's oso phy went astray not just fon 1664

‘or 1925, but rom the dine of Alenader of phon, wlio worked
found AD S04,

‘arouse results ofthis nee project wete previously preset! in the
term of artices”

hain as Tuaecr uy nonecoen
Salas of natin eres: hese face

4 short version the present ook wis published in Date forthe
ne of det.

{ion gratelul to the Netherlands Organization ‘or Selene Re=
seach {SWO) for proving a urant towards an English translation,

"The ertcal srt sons nae trom this sty inthe Researel,
Gnunp for Ansient, Pati, and Medieval Phlosaphy at che Faculty
Sriilosorhy in the Free Unisersty ad ie the rational Aristotle

Shudy geeup sere very stimulang forme
The help of say booth, Br ©. Bos, Dr R, Ferweréa, Ds. Ti

Jansen ant pro. Gr, GP, Luttibezen are specially ckmoweded
here, Lvl ike ta thactk AP. Rune for tasting 1» Dutch text
into Enis

“gt Sn
CSS tr ph I eh Ww Wha

bs hat oer
ARISTOTLE'S PSYCHOLOGY RECONSIDERED.

ie De nina on he Eade

The soal is he frst entdetnino na pooch is argent
By means oF this sleiniion of chs soul in De ausiee WT Arse
Detieved ache could Ht ths debate the soul as prine eo all
living ereausres, 19a evel on which it had 30: yet been eordieted it
pprowous esncuies 1 isa intriguing definition through she use of
the term eatlecita, which iy Arstde’s own creation, but the hick
ground and incention of whic he fils to make elear anheve ese
in his exta ut work! Bur itis even more smpartant tha. thiseeinition
has abways teen expined ata foreulation of Artes ann ard
final psychgy and is -aken v0 meat thatthe soul is the Formal
scrcturl principle of the visite, material body ofa plant sims, oF
humm heing. The bodies of thse living creatures were supposedly
regarded by Arico a natural organic uliee ores mat ale
‘quipped with organs." Understooe in din nay eee iio. seems
to imply a ratial break, wat only mith dhe papcholoyica theories of
all those ‘ew sexed xo be philosophically related to Aristotle,
focus bis teacher Pca, but also th the view ofthe soul witch
se Dini hal explicitly bel, His amu dialogue ened Faden

stg) nie pings H UPA TAL pak “The wigan
Inorg Lem deer eet ane Artin i
{Treeaixe", Af af Pl 11D (1889) 74 GA We, Acitoce on sewadero,
sha raat ea oA ay a ayn et
‘hake casa of

Tat ns can ay thatthe sre oe oko De ama
Ron as one nthe snes sel foutdailons for an approach to
We rg aie eating Capen oth preach The Durch
Cite JE, Snens dope angers Mpc ma ele he
Sita gh an cron more wld ban Uy oom Woy of
hens eal oh the rey the ete exch
thre phases ena be Clearly lingvahed, ta Negens's ew? Al
hgh ne decaes following We pubieabon f Jager work +
umber he angumens stich e had ted to show cage I
the yputess of an cay pave a Ae ptnlogy (pre
tie Dei tl idl cepted) Pin reget she wn

svn, WD ora, Oxo 1085s, 908; 30 Ge ela ge ol
TT Hip ware gare alla gut Bee Hs ad Py
Acd oral’ he popes ents ence se aor 1

eigen an eke ey sn
Wee Aagena, Dean
fasinates
sir utmece cans woe eerie Meaoee an Lae eater MIS
Tor che claim of sin Arn, WRC, Gusti, A. Fessanie. J pa, HL
nS otis rial hg a

ot sd i
8 Arran ose

‘OFF, Nugen ts an intestate result of med sciertie research
sand used it asthe sartingspoirc for his own inguiry into the “cosmic
theology” ofthe “easly Arsene’ *

The place of Dean ithe tbo of Atte’ eunze

Bur the ostion of Desai very problema, as dhe ses of
any moter attics show The largest shaming eek here iy he
fet tt, besides the psychology af De auama, the extn tings of
Ariseatle vont another view, pasculaly in Ce bileics! sritings
in whieh an important role is assigned to the “innate nevi’ oF he
innate vital heat or the “aatural ire" in. the explanation at every
thing thas lives ard grows. En these writings this feu oF vital eat
has a mediator taneton beeen the stl ofthe individual creature
and its perceptible bay, This view was often regarded as ineompat
ible with the Die enim conceytion, in-wtich any gap betsecm body
sand sol appeared to be cancelled by she supposition of the so a=
nti des (fer) of he vibe hay. This oberon el #931
ipplemettary hypothesis of an exten phase in te evolition of
Aristo’ paychologicl views. Ustaly the view af De waime mis ce
ts the final point of shis develepment andl the guawna theory ofthe
bial works asa posizon Between the early theory ofthe Eaows
sa th late one of Deanne, However, Block fas centended that
the positions of Be oni and the bislegeal works should be turned
around!

unentonale! Hoch iH. Retin octet
(stro) j2 nnn exerting chee “Arae's Ont ata
tn reba he mee aby pce of ik wea. ini nl ged
ince Res Sd toe aw toy pa

|gesroTins rsvononney ancosinem 7

fur apt exarspe of the contision which hasiarse ot ‘his point fs
page fom an important arele by JM, Rit") Aller mentioning
inate’ theory of frum, he gees on 19

tnt one cf the most mporar fete cf Aue Cig ton
jpromais ack eyhayed ava atsnp to Drge be “ppm gap
Eervecn oa an body Now wr mags suppose hatin aries
nate eng here nn eal gap he ged tor Dei
Host Gh 200) aout the aetulty vor frm 3 rataral bck
qupped th ngane Ba ihe pss Seq pped wih organ” or
‘Eat problem whic cencertelAvaate Sie ae so fr
fru ina seave-mnnateralindeed thereat les ene Aso
item wt pay ata om eat Hale 900)
{ita i Ariens ngage, ony 3 aera oy To at

In isvemarkable tha: De anima sees to offer no seope Hor theory of
veo tat activates dhe parts of the visible buds, whereas the sete
theory of penta has wo solve 8 prota ofthe Be naive tee, siz
Jane am incorporeal so. is able to influence the corporeal isle
od

1 could aloe considered unsarsfactory that in his extensive
sursey ot ratierpaysholegical theories in De ania | Anistoel ignores
Tic own pathology of the Edney while it seems ta have bern

sdhuned it De ona 01,

Pre ed tier

Scother remarkahe point is tht Aristotle himself made: siking
connection Between his prvsime Lieory and the dectine of the
vite filth clement of which the celestial spheres and the ated gods

od, Panda sap ye Cea BD 1 re

TEL, ie 988 98, Pan sep proseed ath wie res
ste pened oe hea "oporteo he e

nthe) soul ALE! Natsu, sae Dee dyna Paseo 1
i St 0 aan ee a pte pers nc al ge te
ane male St his orien ofthe fifth element was alriay developed
bby Aristotle in dhe wctks plished daring his etme, for exsmplee
Dik rnd work Or pep. Moreaves, Cicero tepets int
number of ionrigning sete that. in Acntode's vey, a wate
Fhmctions whee are usactere of human esistenesexts20: be rege
sida x conetted with the for elemenss ofthe sblusary sphere,
aud hat he had therefore dev tired these fnetions wa be eos
‘ith ether or the quia asentia.”'This lee some authors 4 consider
Seriously that Art e this oat works had alo developed fon a
pathology which scemed “materia ste” or atleast “hsizoisic™ in
Kin

‘We can al shat dhe popchology whichis taitional'y ase to
Avistode om she basis of the text of Le ena didnot play any role in
the ahilosophiea. discussion during the Fst fe cenenries after
Aristotle's death, It only became current through the actrties of
Alewanler of Aphis a commentator en Ariole’s corks fa
‘he thied cestry AD.

ol

Pao dcct eo he cae ht setts prc Tor
Arey aaa 2h ange Se |

Asterten esveracocy RCDNSIMERED "
Wench meaning of xn plysbon organikon’

ov all hese reasons T think if desi: and legiimse 0 recom
Shier the entire problem of dristotelian peyehology. The evita
again watts parts of di sews of W. Jaeger ane F. Nuyens i

fon be eartice Unrougl its final

fhe pis decades should pet
fomseisnces, Perhaps we should devide to stap inter ueting the
iMeriation abowt Aristotle's ost works 38 Platonisi’ And hess we
should perhaps interpre: the suviing work much more rigorous
ound of te pailosephical views af bis storks,

il sshich Aristotle esablished his reputation as2 great philosophies,
I leading pring ere isthe question: i i prkape sie te
lacovoniz the psyhabeiont Cite of Ariat’ igs i), bit Bi
sea ors 2), ard of his De anima (3! Such am undertaking could
Sco pate ie focus speficlly on the definition of te soul in
Ie waime ILL and ask of whick eee plytan nganden se sea the

sucess For in principle tse question san be given diferent

msc Linon the general aeeeped te
1. The standard views!7 which we alread encountered 7 the
inne, ateans the souls the fist ener of

eetaion OF JM Rt
teenie visite, grosemaceril body ef man. nia wr plist while
frequ poet with ongats. Am idea tat goes se) this es fs ar he
‘Sl canna exist wiht Ee vs ae buds ad eselOre has no post
Thovtal existence hat perishes with he visible bod. As we sd
Faneever, there i no tice of a interpretation of Arisoule’s psyele
Vg lang these fines in te fie centivies bengeen Ariston deat
sail ye aching ai of Alexandr of Aphrodisias around AD 208,
‘Also this interpretation ‘kes the words “sina plyaan’ ia sense
sinh has na paral! in the philosepner's wrttys, while the term
‘ngouitn’, wih eccsesfroepently > Avior ws werk (in she sense
1 natrumenta’, sensing asa usteuuent! 8), is read ferently
impaetant

basnely se "equiped sh organs") only in this ve