The Solar Spectrum: Proceedings of the Symposium held at the University of Utrecht 26–31 August 1963

423 Pages·1965·11.66 MB·English

by  A. Unsöld (auth.), C. De Jager (eds.)

THE SOLAR SPECTRUM
ASTROPHYSICS AND
SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY
A SERIES OF BOOKS ON THE RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
OF SPACE SCIENCE AND OF GENERAL GEOPHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS
PUBLISHED IN CONNECTION WITH THE JOURNAL
SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS
Editorial Board
J. E. BLAMONT, Laboratoire d'Aeronomie, Verrieres, France
R. L. F. BoYD, University College, London, England
L. GOLD BERG, Harvard College Observatory, Cambridge, Mass., USA
C. DE J AGER, University of Utrecht, Holland
G. H. LUDWIG, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Mld., USA
R. L ü s T, Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Garsching-Mü nchen, Germany
H. E. NEWELL, NASA, Washington, D.C., USA
L. I. SEDOV, Academy of Seiences of the USSR, Moscow, USSR
Secretary oj the Editorial Board
W. DE GRAAFF, Sterrewacht 'Sonnenborgh', University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Holland
PROFESSOR M. G. J. MINNAERT
THESOLARSPECTRUM
Proceedings of the Symposium held at the U niversity
of
Utrecht 26-31 August 1963
edited by
C. DE JAGER
Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.
ISBN 978-94-017-6370-7 ISBN 978-94-017-6376-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-6376-9
1965
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by print, photoprint,
microfilm, or any other means without permission from the publisher
Dedicated by the authors to
Professor M. G. ]. M innaert
on the occasion of his seventieth birthday

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egeiL ,lhoderB .H notgnihsaW ,bbuhC .A .T nodnoL ,ssorcnelG .M .W egeiL ,nomiS .R retsecieL ,sdnuoP .A .K lubnatsI ,ilnitoH .M siraP ,nive tnalP lessurB ,neveN .L arrebnaC ,renkluaF .J .D eveneG ,rellüM .A .E nodueM ,yrruC .Y egeiL ,esseverG .N nodueM ,kcirelW .G dnuL ,neldE .srM nodueM ,reyoB .R nodueM ,tnomuD .S leiK ,dlösnU .A thcertU ,treanniM .J .G .M negnittöG ,tgioV .H .H nodueM ,drahciM .R egeiL ,emualliuG .C dnuL ,neldE .B grubierF ,retörhcS .H .E edE ,sredluM ssiM thcertU ,toorG ed .T necerbeD ,özseD .L revonnaH ,regnuH .K egdirbmaC ,lezneM .H .D thcertU ,rekkoF .D .A
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INTRODUCTION
A good deal of our information on solar physics and on solar phenomena is
derived from the solar spectrum. A quantitative interpretation of this spectrum
was only possible after 1920, after the establishment of Bohr's atomic model,
the discovery of Saha's law, and the development of spectrophotometry.
The resolving and light gathering powers of our instruments have greatly
increased since. Wehave seen an enormaus progress in our theoretical under
standing of basic atomic phenomena, and of the intricate problems concerned
with the transfer of energy through a complicated structure like the sun's
outer layers. In particular the observable part of the solar spectrum tremen
dously enlarged since the introduction, in the years after 1945, of radio
astronomy, enabling us to study the solar spectrum between wavelengths of
some mm to about 15m, of space research, giving access to the whole electro
magnetic spectrum below 3000 A, down to about 0.01 A. Further, the low
and high energetic components of the solar particles spectrum have been dis
covered with space probes (the solar wind), rockets, balloons (the so-called sub
cosmic-ray particles) and cosmic ray monitors (solar cosmic ray bursts). The
extreme wealth of this spectrum, much vaster in extent than the earlier
investigators could only dream of, is an important source of information.
It looked appropriate to us, after the rapid development of this branch of
science,' to invite the world's leading solar physicists to Utrecht for a summa
rizing symposium on the whole solar spectrum.
The time of this symposium has been chosen so as to coincide with the
retirement from his University duties of Professor M. Minnaert who has been in
the first ranks of solar physicists since the 1920's, and to whom this book is dedi
cated by the participants in the symposium.
This symposium could not have been possible without the help of many
persans and institutes. It is with gratefulness that I acknowledge
- the generaus financial assistance obtained from the Netherlands Ministry
of Education, Arts and Seiences;
- the assistance obtained from the section "Organization of congresses"
of the Ministry of Education, Arts and Sciences, and in particular from Mr.
C. W. J. Rosenberg, in organizing the excursion;
- the invitation of the Mayor of Utrecht to receive the participants and
their ladies in the City-Hall;