The Sociology of Law: Classical and Contemporary Perspectives PDF
Preview The Sociology of Law: Classical and Contemporary Perspectives
The Sociology of Law The Sociology of Law Classical and Contemporary Perspectives A. Javier Trevino 13 Routledge Taylor & Francis Group LONDON AND NEW YORK First published 2008 by Transaction Publishers Published 2017 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business New material this edition copyright © 2008 by Taylor & Francis. Copyright © 1996 by St. Martin’s Press, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Catalog Number: 2007049544 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Trevino, A. Javier, 1958- The sociology of law : classical and contemporary perspectives / A. Javier Trevino ; with a new introduction by the author. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4128-0788-3 1. Sociological jurisprudence. I. Title. K370.T74 2008 340’.115--dc22 2007049544 ISBN 13: 978-1-4128-0788-3 (pbk) For my parents, Alberto T. Trevino and Carmen Inocencio Trevino Contents Preface xiii Introduction to the Transaction Edition xvii 1 The Sociology of Law 1 What Is Sociology? 1 The Tools of the Craft 2 ■ The Theorists and Premodern, Modern, and Postmodern Society 3 What Is Law? 5 What Is the Sociology of Law? 6 The 1950s-1970s 7 ■ The 1980s-1990s 10 SUMMARY 11 2 Foundational Works on Law and Society 13 Cesare Beccaria: Legal Reformer 13 Life and Influences 14 ■ Legal Reform 15 ■ Punishments 18 ■ Beccaria’s Influence in Europe and America 20 Sir Henry Maine: Social Historian of Law 20 Life and Influences 20 ■ From Status to Contract 21 Herbert Spencer: Social Evolutionist 23 Life and Influences 23 * Principal Concepts in Spencer’s Sociology 24 ■ The Origins and Evolution of Law 25 William Graham Sumner: Champion of the Middle Classes 28 Life and Influences 28 ■ Social Darwinism and the Competition of Life 29 ■ Folkways and Mores 30 ■ Rights and Laws 30 ■ Law and Social Change 33 SUMMARY 34 Ancient Law • Sir Henry Maine 36 Laws ■ Herbert Spencer 44 Folkways and Mores ■ William Graham Sumner 50 vii viii Contents 3 The Sociological Movement in Law 55 The Sociological Movement in Law: Prediction, Pragmatism, and Positivism 55 The Grand Style 56 ■ Liberal Political Theory 56 ■ Legal Formalism 57 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. 59 Holmes’s Sociolegal Approach 59 ■ Holmes’s Critique of Legal Formalism 60 Sociological Jurisprudence 62 Roscoe Pound 63 ■ Pound’s Theory of Social Interests 66 American Legal Realism 68 The Influence of Pragmatism 69 ■ Realism, Sociology, and Society 70 SUMMARY 73 The Path of the Law • Oliver Wendell Holmes 76 A Survey of Social Interests ■ Roscoe Pound 80 Some Realism about Realism—Responding to Dean Pound ■ Karl N. Llewellyn 89 4 The Marxian Perspective 93 Karl Marx: The Sociologist as Social Critic 93 Life and Influences 94 ■ Principal Concepts in Marx’s Sociology 95 Law, Customary Rights, and Private Property 99 The Social Context 100 ■ The Contradictions in the Law 101 The Censorship Laws 105 The New Censorship Instruction 105 • Debates on the Freedom of the Press 106 • Freedom and Censorship 107 ■ The Prussian Press Bill 108 Neo-Marxian Contributions to the Marxian Perspective 110 Law as a Representation of the Commodity Form 113 ■ Private Law Institutions 119 SUMMARY 125 Debates on the Law on Thefts of Wood ■ Karl Marx 128 Commodity Form and Legal Form: An Essay on the “Relative Autonomy” of the Law ■ Isaac D. Balbus 140 The Place of Law in the Marxian Structure-Superstructure Archetype ■ Alan Stone 149 Contents ix 5 The Weberian Perspective 163 Max Weber: The Eclectic Scholar 163 Life and Influences 164 * Principal Concepts in Weber’s Sociology 164 Three Forms of Political Authority 168 Charismatic Authority 169 * Traditional Authority 170 ■ Rational-Legal Authority 172 Law, Lawmaking, and Lawfinding 174 Four Types of Legal Thought 175 Formal Irrational Thought 175 ■ Substantive Irrational Thought 176 • Substantive Rational Thought 177 ■ Formal Rational Thought 178 The Emergence of Formal Rational Law in Europe 180 Rationalizing Social Tendencies 180 ■ Law and Capitalism 182 Neo-Weberian Contributions to the Weberian Perspective 184 Legitimacy 185 • The England Problem 193 ■ Weber’s Dialogue with the Ghost of Marx 198 SUMMARY 203 Categories of Legal Thought ■ Max Weber 206 The Concept of Legitimation in the Sociology of Law ■ Alan Hyde 209 Max Weber on Law and the Rise of Capitalism * David M. Trubek 220 6 The Durkheimian Perspective 233 Emile Durkheim: The Sociologist as Moralist 233 Life and Influences 234 ■ Principal Concepts in Durkheim’s Sociology 234 From Repressive to Restitutive Law 239 Repressive Law 239 ■ Restitutive Law 240 Penal Sanctions and the Law 241 The Principle of Quantitative Change 242 ■ The Principle of Qualitative Change 244 ■ Types of Criminality 245 The Evolution of Contract and Contract Law 247 The Juridical Bond of Contract 247 ■ The Sacred Origin of Contract 248 ■ The Division of Labor and Contractual Relationships 251
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