The Social Life of Financial Derivatives This page intentionally left blank The Social Life of Financial Derivatives Markets, Risk, and Time Edward LiPuma duke university press Durham and London 2017 © 2017 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of Ameri ca on acid- free paper ∞ Designed by Matthew Tauch Typeset in Whitman by Westchester Publishing Service Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 9780822369561 (hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN 9780822369561 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN 9780822372837 (ebook) Cover art: Design and illustration by Matthew Tauch For my daughter, Laura; my wife, Susan; and my friend and inspiration, Randy Martin This page intentionally left blank Contents acknowl edgments ix Prefacing a Theory of the Derivative 1 Chapter 1 Originating the Derivative 27 Chapter 2 Social Theory and the Market for the Production of Financial Knowledge 81 Chapter 3 Outline of a Social Theory of Finance 116 Chapter 4 Temporality and the Financial Markets 144 Chapter 5 Theorizing the Financial Markets Socially 170 Chapter 6 Rituality and the Production of Financial Markets 199 Chapter 7 The Speculative Ethos 229 Chapter 8 The Social Habitus of Financial Work 267 Chapter 9 The Social Dimensions of Black- Scholes 304 Chapter 10 Derivatives and Wealth 336 notes 355 references 389 index 399 This page intentionally left blank Acknowl edgments I am entirely responsible for the text but not for the ideas. What follows, both theoretically and thematically, is the ongoing result of my participation in the Cultures of Finance Group, which as I will relate was far more than what academics normally mean by a group. What defines and animates the finance group is an intellectual entwinement of the deepest order. Each idea is forged in and through its involvement with the ideas of the other members, such that every concept would have had a dif er ent and lesser shape if developed separately. Incorporated into the root of each new idea or theme are the vision and insights of the group. It is an assemblage that cannot be deconstructed or decomposed into its original elem ents because the proc ess of incorporation centers on what can only be called a dialectical fusion. From Benjamin Lee, my collaborator and friend, I continue to learn the radiant value of thinking across the grain, more relationally than I would do on my own; from Randy Martin I learned the importance of ideas as a form of play and to never abandon the po liti cal uptake and power of social thought; from Robert Meister I learned a new way of thinking about finance some fifteen or so degrees removed from my usual real ity; from Arjun Appadurai I learned the importance of keeping in contact with my anthropological roots; and from Robert Wosnitzer I learned that for theory to stay grounded it c an’t stray too far from practice. I would like to thank my wonderful friend Moishe Postone, whose theorization of production- centered capitalism was the ground I pushed against to create an exposition of circulatory capital. In the end as in the beginning, good theory is like the neutron of an atom, whose existence and value depends on its engage- ment with the protons of practice and the intellectual enlightenment from the encircling electrons. For collaborations at their highest constitute the most majestic form of plagiarism.