The Social Impacts of Mine Closure in South Africa: Housing Policy and Place Attachment PDF
Preview The Social Impacts of Mine Closure in South Africa: Housing Policy and Place Attachment
‘Exploring the nexus of mining, mine closure and housing is an important un- dertaking because the public, private and civil society sectors are grappling with better arrangements for establishing viable post-mining economies. The book is quite timely since no other book appeared on this topic during the past 30 years addressing this issue in SA. The book is a must read for people working in the felds of urban economics, urban and regional planning, sustainable regional de- velopment, housing studies, urban sociology, human geography, etc. and with an interest in housing and mining. Many managers, operating in the mining sector, may fnd this book useful to inform the policies and plans they design and im- plement in arranging housing in a mining context and post-mining context. The book is a valuable contribution for the so-called developing world because of the sheer numbers and proportions of populations who remained affected after the extracting industries have closed and left a region.’ Lucius Botes, Professor in Development Studies and Director Research Development, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences at the North West University, South Africa ‘Mines come and go, as governments come and go, and people move in and out. Very rarely, these cycles are perfectly attuned, and the expectations for mining as a provider of community prosperity and stability are all too often disappointed. In this impressive synthesis, Lochner Marais takes a hard look at the situation of South African mining towns, and what happens when the mine closes. His conclusions end up far from the commonplaces pervading the literature, argu- ing expertly on two sides of common polarizations such as camp/town, rental/ home ownership, development/shrink, and considering the pros and cons of place attachment.’ Kristof Van Assche, Professor Planning, Governance & Development, Department of Earth & Atmospheric Science, University of Alberta The Social Impacts of Mine Closure in South Africa This book investigates the relationship between mining, mine closure and hous- ing policy in post-apartheid South Africa, using concepts from new institutional economics and evolutionary governance theory. Mine closures present a major challenge to the mining industry and govern- ments, with this being particularly noticeable in the Global South. This book argues that the dependencies created by the mining industry and mine hous- ing policies while a mine is operational cause serious societal problems when it closes. To demonstrate this, the book applies the concepts of place attachment, asset-based development and social disruption. Conceptually, the book challenges the view that place attachment and asset-based development are the most ap- propriate and often the only policy responses in mining areas. In South Africa, the mining industry and the government have created comprehensive housing programmes linked to homeownership to promote place attachment, stability and wealth among mine workers. These programmes do not consider the disruption that mine closure might bring. The book challenges the blind application, during boom periods, of policies which create long-term dependencies that are diffcult to manage when a mine closes. This book will be of interest to students and scholars researching the social impacts of mining and the extractive industries, social geography and sustainable development, as well as policymakers and practitioners working with mine closure or social impact assessments. Lochner Marais is Professor of Development Studies at the Centre for Devel- opment Support and Associate to the Chair on City-Region Economics at the University of the Free State, South Africa. He is also Adjunct Honorary Professor at the Minerals Institute at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia. He is the co-editor of Coal and Energy in South Africa (2022), Mining and Commu- nity in the South African Platinum Belt (2021) and Community and Mining in South Africa (Routledge, 2018). 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Ponomarenko The Social Impacts of Mine Closure in South Africa Housing Policy and Place Attachment Lochner Marais For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/Routledge- Studies-of-the-Extractive-Industries-and-Sustainable-Development/book-series/ REISD. The Social Impacts of Mine Closure in South Africa Housing Policy and Place Attachment Lochner Marais First published 2023 by Routledge 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2023 Lochner Marais The right of Lochner Marais to be identifed as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identifcation and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Marais, Lochner, author. Title: The social impacts of mine closure in South Africa : housing policy and place attachment / Lochner Marais. Description: New York : Routledge, 2022. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifers: LCCN 2022009951 (print) | LCCN 2022009952 (ebook) | ISBN 9781032200552 (hardback) | ISBN 9781032325743 (paperback) | ISBN 9781003262015 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Housing—South Africa. | Housing policy— South Africa. | Mine closures—Social aspects—South Africa. Classifcation: LCC HD7374.4.A3 M37 2022 (print) | LCC HD7374.4.A3 (ebook) | DDC 363.510968—dc23/eng/20220225 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022009951 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022009952 ISBN: 978-1-032-20055-2 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-032-32574-3 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-26201-5 (ebk) DOI: 10.4324/9781003262015 Typeset in Goudy by codeMantra Contents List of fgures ix List of tables xi List of annexures xiii Foreword deanna kemp xv Preface xix 1 Setting the scene 1 2 Place attachment, asset-based development and social disruption 25 3 Mine closure and planning for decline 45 4 Post-apartheid housing policy and mining towns 66 5 Post-apartheid migrant labour patterns 83 6 Mining, housing and wealth creation 110 7 Mining and informal housing 135 8 Findings, contributions and policy recommendations 152 Index 173 Figures 1.1 Conceptual framework for the book 9 1.2 Location of case study areas 11 2.1 A conceptual link between place attachment and asset-based development 38 5.1 Economic and population indicators for growing and declining mining municipalities, 1996–2016 88 5.2 Percentage of migrants per annum to the three case study areas 90 5.3 Migrant households’ self-ranking of wealth on a six-step ladder 95 5.4 High and moderate preference to stay in the area (per household) linked to wealth ranking and asset ownership 100 5.5 Crime trends in the three case study areas, 2009–2018 105 6.1 Self-ranking of wealth by renters and owners in the three case studies 127 7.1 Growth of informal housing and households in mining municipalities, 1996– 2016 140 7.2 Percentage of informal houses in the case study areas, 1996–2016 141 7.3 Average number of assets for formal and informal houses in the case study areas 145 7.4 Self-ranking of wealth by respondents in formal and informal houses in the case study areas 146
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