The Social Bases of Nazism, 1919-1933 PDF
Preview The Social Bases of Nazism, 1919-1933
The Social Bases of Nazism, 1919–1933 This latest addition to New Studies in Economic and Social History sheds fascinatinglightonanessentialaspectofthehistoryofNazism.Thesocial background of the supporters of Nazism has been the subject of intense debatesincetheearly1930s.WastheNaziPartyapredominantlymiddle- classpartyorapeople’sparty?DetlefMu¨hlbergerprovidesacomprehensive summaryoftheanswertothisquestion,basedonextensivesociologicaland psephologicalevidence.ThedatasupporttheclaimmadebytheNazisin the1920sandearly1930sthattheirpartywasaVolksparteiabletomobilise support from all sections of German society. Lucidly written and clearly illustrated with numerous figures and tables, this book will be essential readingforallthoseinterestedinmodernGermanhistory. is a Lecturer in Modern European History at OxfordBrookesUniversity.Hehaspublishedwidelyonvariousaspectsof Nazism; his books include Hitler’s Followers: Studies in the Sociology of the NaziMovementandHitler’sVoice:TheVo¨lkischerBeobachter,1920–1933. New Studies in Economic and Social History EditedfortheEconomicHistorySocietyby MauriceKirby LancasterUniversity Thisseries,speciallycommissionedbytheEconomicHistorySociety,pro- videsaguidetothecurrentinterpretationsofthekeythemesofeconomic andsocialhistoryinwhichadvanceshaverecentlybeenmadeorinwhich therehasbeensignificantdebate. In recent times economic and social history has been one of the most flourishingareasofhistoricalstudy.Thishasmirroredtheincreasingrel- evance of the economic and social sciences both in a student’s choice of careerandinformingasocietyatlargemoreawareoftheimportanceof theseissuesintheireverydaylives.Moreoverspecialistinterestsinbusiness, agriculturalandwelfarehistory,forexample,havethemselvesburgeoned andtherehasbeenanincreasedinterestintheeconomicdevelopmentof the wider world. Stimulating as these scholarly developments have been forthespecialist,therapidadvanceofthesubjectandthequantityofnew publicationsmakeitdifficultforthereadertogainanoverviewofparticular topics,letalonethewholefield. NewStudiesinEconomicandSocialHistoryisintendedforstudentsand theirteachers.Itisdesignedtointroducethemtofreshtopicsandtoenable them to keep abreast of recent writing and debates. All the books in the seriesarewrittenbyarecognisedauthorityinthesubject,andthearguments andissuesaresetoutinacriticalbutunpartisanfashion.Theaimofthe seriesistosurveythecurrentstateofscholarship,ratherthantoprovidea setofprepackagedconclusions. The series has been edited since its inception in 1968 by Professors M. W. Flinn, T. C. Smout and L. A. Clarkson, and is currently edited by Professor Maurice Kirby. From 1968 it was published by Macmillan as Studies in Economic History, and after 1974 as Studies in Economic and Social History. From 1995 New Studies in Economic and Social History is beingpublishedonbehalfoftheEconomicHistorySocietybyCambridge University Press. This new series includes some of the titles previously published by Macmillan as well as new titles, and reflects the ongoing developmentthroughouttheworldofthisrichseamofhistory. Forafulllistoftitlesinprint,pleaseseetheendofthebook. TheSocialBasesof Nazism,1919–1933 PreparedfortheEconomicHistorySocietyby Detlef Mu¨hlberger OxfordBrookesUniversity ThePittBuilding,TrumpingtonStreet,CambridgeCB21RP,UnitedKingdom TheEdinburghBuilding,Cambridge,CB22RU,UK 40West20thStreet,NewYork,NY10011–4211,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,VIC3207,Australia RuizdeAlarco´n13,28014Madrid,Spain DockHouse,TheWaterfront,CapeTown8001,SouthAfrica http://www.cambridge.org (cid:1)C TheEconomicHistorySociety2003 Thisbookisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithout thewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2003 PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge TypefacePlantin10/12.5pt. SystemLATEX2ε [] AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongresscataloguinginpublicationdata Mu¨hlberger,Detlef. ThesocialbasesofNazism,1919–1933/preparedfortheEconomicHistorySociety byD.Mu¨hlberger. p. cm.–(Newstudiesineconomicandsocialhistory;48) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN0521802857–ISBN0521003725(pb.) 1.Nationalsocialism–Socialaspects. 2.NationalsozialistischeDeutsche Arbeiter-Partei. I.EconomicHistorySociety. II.Title. III.Series. DD256.5.M754 2003 324.243(cid:2)038(cid:2)09042–dc21 2003046057 ISBN0521802857hardback ISBN0521003725paperback Contents Listoffigures pagevi Listoftables viii Noteonreferences ix Acknowledgements x Abbreviations xi 1 Introduction 1 2 Historiographicalsurvey 7 3 Methodologicalproblems 17 4 ThesocialcharacteristicsoftheNaziParty initsformativeyears,1919–1923 38 5 Thesocialcharacteristicsofthemembership andleadershipoftheNaziParty,1925–1933 45 6 Thesocialcharacteristicsofthemembership andleadershipofNazispecialistorganisations 57 7 ThesocialgeometryoftheNazielectorate, 1928–1933 71 8 Conclusion 78 Bibliography 81 Index 92 v Figures 1 The occupational status of the membership of the Nazi Party on 30 January 1933 according tothePartei-Statistik page12 2 Kater’s alternative models of the social ranking of individuals joining the Nazi Party between 1925and1932 26 3 The social ranking of the membership of the NaziPartybetween1919and1923accordingto Madden 40 4 ThesocialrankingofindividualsjoiningtheNazi Party between 25 September and 9 November 1923accordingtoMu¨hlberger 43 5 The social ranking of individuals joining the NaziPartybetween1925and1933accordingto Madden 47 6 Theoccupationalstatusofindividualsjoiningthe NaziPartybetween1925and1932accordingto BrusteinandFalter 48 7 ThesocialrankingofindividualsintheNaziParty between1925and1932accordingtoMu¨hlberger 49 8 ThesocialrankingoftheGauleitercorpsin1933 accordingtoKater 53 9 The social ranking of Nazi candidates in the Reichstag election of July 1932 according to Mu¨hlberger 55 10 ThesocialrankingofNazideputieselectedtothe ReichstaginJuly1932accordingtoMu¨hlberger 56 vi Listoffigures vii 11 ThesocialrankingofthemembershipoftheSA enrolled between 1925 and 30 January 1933 ac- cordingtoFischerandMu¨hlberger 62 12 The social ranking of the membership of the SS enrolled between 1929 and 30 January 1933 ac- cordingtoMu¨hlberger 65 13 The social ranking of the leadership of the SA before1933accordingtoJamin 68 14 The class standing of leaders of the General-SS who had joined the SS before 30 January 1933 accordingtoZiegler 69 15 The social composition of the Nazi electorate in theReichstagelectionsfrom1928to1932accord- ingtoFalter 76 Tables 1 Socialrankingandoccupationaldistribution accordingtoKater page22 2 Socialrankingandoccupationaldistribution accordingtoMadden 23 3 Socialrankingandoccupationaldistribution accordingtoMu¨hlberger 24 4 Socialrankingandoccupationaldistribution accordingtoBrusteinandFalter 25 viii Note on references Referencesinthetextwithinsquarebracketsrelatetothenumbered items in the Bibliography, followed, where necessary, by the page numbersinitalics,forexample[1:1–10]. ix
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