The Social and Economic Effects of the Accident at Three Mile Island

116 Pages·2011·10.83 MB·English

NUREG/CR-1215
TheS ociaanld E conomEiffce cts
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C. Flynn,� -Chlmaers
B. J.
MountaiWne stR esearcIhn,c .
withS ociaIlm pactR esearcIhn,c .
Preparefdo r
U.S.N ucleaRre gulatory
Commission
NOTICE
Thirs eporwta sp reparaesda na ccounotf w ork sponsobrye d
an agencoyf theU niteSdt ateGso vernmenNte.i thetrh e
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rights.
Avalia b e from
1
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Divisioonf TechnicaIln formatiaonnd · DocumeCnotn trol
GPO
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
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U.S.
20555
and
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NUREG/CR-1215
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DateP,u blishJeadn:u ary
1979
1980
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thisr epoprrte setnhtesr esulotfos u rr esrecaho vert hes ix-mopnertiho d
follnogwt ihea ccideanttTh reeM ilIes lanNdu celarS tatias owne lla sa s ynthesiso f
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accdietn Wea rei ndteebtdo t hesoet herre srechaerfso rt hierc ooperiaotnw ith us
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ImapctS tduy and has prodveidf requent astshriousgtohanucte wokr.
addtiionm,e mberosfh si own stfafa sw elals o fo hterd eptaomrurne tso fs tIna te
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the PresidaelnC toimmsisoni;n amleyt,h e EconomiIcm pacttog rouhpea dwdeo bryk
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WSeu mmers,c htiaopr ersoonf tehcoen omci subocmmiteteo ft heP ennsylav TaMnIi
Commission.
Finallyw,e a pprectieta hec ontineufifnsogo rftM ichaeKlal tamnan Donald
Claery oft heO fficeN uclear Regulation, d oft he
Offei ocfN uclaerR eogfu olraytR esRaeeracchwt,oh roh avper odavneidda dmCilmaPirraksi tcthirasvruedp o prt
asw ella si mportts aunbstanitnipvuteth rougthhoesu ttu dpyr ocse.s
Cynthia Flynn
Seatet,lN ovember1 979
Bullock
A.C hamlesr
TempeN,o vembe19r7 9
James

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
v1
I•. INT.R. OPurpoDseUC "l''INS cope of Repo11:
1 11 1 Purpoands e this 11
• •
11 .1 2 Scopea ndO rganization
.
1.Z Regional Context 53
2.1 Locatioannd J urisdictRieolnaatli onships 5
11. Z .Z Economic/DemograCphhairca cterisotfi tches
•
CountieSsu rroungd iTnhreeM ileI sland 6
1.2.3
HistoriRcealla tionshoifp t heR egiotno the
NuclearG eneratiPnlga natt T hreeM ileI sland 11
EMERGENCY PERIOD BEHAVIOR 19
D.1 Introduction 19
ZZ.. ZIn dividual Response 19
25
Z.3 Busin ess Response
28
Z.4 InstitutionalR esponse
2.4 . EmergencPyr eparednAegsesn cies 28
2.4 .1Z LocalG overnemntR esponse 36
2.4.3
Other Institiuotns
37
EFFECTS OF ACC ENT DURING THE
43
EMERGENCY PERIOD
m. THE ID
3 Introduction
3..Z 1 EmergencyP eriodE ffectosn Individuals 43
Economic 4433
.
3 2Z..1Z HealtEhf efcts
•
3 2. Stresasn dP sychologiEcfafl ects 4499
•
33. 3 3 Industry
52
EmDerigrenetcyc E fPferiode cEtfsf ects on Business and 52
57
3.3 .Z1 IndirecEtf fects
33. 3 . SecotralE fefcts 59
•
3. 34.3 Inst itutional Effects 62
3 62
StatGeo vernmenItm pacts
.4.1
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
PAGE
3. 2 LocalG overnment Iamctps 62
4. OtherI nstitutions 63
3. 4.3
POST-ACCIDENT PERIOD EFFECTS
IV. Introduction 6644
4.1 Effectosn Individuals 64
44..22 .1 Economic 64
2.2 ContinuinSgt ressa nd PsychologicEaflfe cts 65
44.. DailyA ctivtiise 67
22.34. Movementf rmo the Area 69
44..3 PostA-ccidenPte rioEdf fects the LocalE conomy 72
4.3 .1 Evidencoef C ontinuinDgi ronc etE ffectosn the
EconomicB aseo ft hAer ea 72
4. 2 Ind ect Effecont sth e Economy of theAr ea
4.43 .In stiitrutional PoliticEalf fects 7830
and
POTENTIAL LONGER-TERM EFFECTS
OF THE ACCIDENT 83
V.
5.1 83
Z InPotrtoednutcitLoalin ogern- Term EconomicE ffects 84
55..2 .1 Costo fP ower 84
5.2 . Other PotentiLalo nger-ETcoenormmc
Effecoftt she A ccident 86
2 i
LocationalP reference, Settlement Patterns,
Longer-Term Effectosn th e Valueo fR eal Estate 87
5. 3 and
5.4 Political/Institutional 88
5.5 PotentiLoaln ger-Term EffectsIn dividuals 89
APPENDIX on 91
BOOKS, REPORTS 93
NEWSPAPER ARTICLES 96
PERSONAL COMMUNICATION S 97
ii
LIST OF FIGURES
TITLE
PAGE
I-2. Centersi n theC apitoRle gion 8
PrinciUprabla n
ll-1 Percento f Persons by Direction
and Distacne TMI 2.3
Who Evacuated
from
IV-1 Elementary Enrollments, Ring 71
School S-Mile
IV-2. ElectriUct liity ServiceA rea Boundaries 75
IV-3 ResidentiParlo pertya es Comparisonfso rT MI
Radius Pennsylvania
Sl
Area 79
5-Mile RelatitvoeC entral
Multi-List
I-1 CapitoRle gionM ap
99
iii
LIST OF TABLES
TITLE
I-1 ThereM ileIs lanUdn it1s and2 Chronology
I-2 Capitl RoegoinC ountiePso pluatni Torends
6
I-3 Capitl RoegioUnr abnS zieD itsribount:1i 957 7
I-4 PopluatiEosntm iatefso rA raes aDtif feernt
Distnacefsro m ThreeM ileI salnda t tTihmee
oft heA ccident 10
II-1 Perecnto fP oputlinao Evacuiantgb yV ariso u
Distnacefsr omT MI
22.
m-1 EconomCiocs tosf· thAec cideanttT M If orH ouse­
holdsi nt he1 5M ilRei gn
45
Numbero fH ousehoalnddCs o stpse rH ousehdo l 47
m-z
Summaryo fU npaidIn suarnceC liamso rP ending
Actoins: Augus1t9 79 48
m-3
10
m-4 Perosn-oHurLso sitn N onmnaufacurtinIngd utsreis 53
Valuoef B useisnsL osdtu riFnigr sWte eka fter
Accident
m-s
56
m-6 AtittudRee psonsbeysF armersS urveybeyd
Depatrmenotf A gruilcture 61
IV1- HousoelhdWsh oC onsiderMeodvi ngb ecauseo fT MI 69
RepalcementP oweCro stasn dP latn Rehbaiilttaion
ReplcaemenCto sts 85
V-1
iv