The Smart Gardener's Guide to Growing Fruits PDF
Preview The Smart Gardener's Guide to Growing Fruits
title: author: publisher: isbn10 | asin: print isbn13: ebook isbn13: language: subject publication date: lcc: ddc: subject: Page i The Smart Gardener's Guide to Growing Fruits Dr. Bob Gough Copyright © 1997 by Stackpole Books Published by STACKPOLE BOOKS 5067 Ritter Road Mechanicsburg, PA 17055 All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to Stackpole Books, 5067 Ritter Road, Mechanicsburg, PA 17055. Printed in the United States of America F E IRST DITION 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Cover and interior illustrations by Mary Anne Lard Cover design by Caroline Miller Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gough, Bob. Smart gardener's guide to growing fruits / Bob Gough.1st ed. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-8117-2925-7 1. Fruit-culture. 2. Fruit. I. Title. SB355.G635 1997 634dc20 96-33618 CIP Page iii Contents 1 1 Speaking of Fruit 2 7 Cultural Requirements 3 12 Growth and Development 4 15 Flowers to Fruit 5 28 Plant Propagation 6 46 Choosing the Best Site 7 60 Building Your Soil 8 72 Feeding Plants 9 84 Whipping the Weeds 10 89 Watering 11 92 Planting the Plants 12 100 Winter Protection 13 106 Pruning and Training 14 116 Pest Control 15 133 Harvest 16 139 Tree Fruits and Nuts 17 194 Small Fruits and Grapes Index 250 Page 1 1 Speaking of Fruit Just what is a fruit? Botanically, a fruit is a ripened, seed-bearing ovary and its accessory parts. Apples, peaches, and gooseberries fit nicely into this definition. Bananas and seedless grapes don't, because they lack fully formed seeds, but botanically they're still fruits. So are tomatoes, peppers, and cucumbers, although gardeners classify them as vegetables. The popular definition of a fruitas opposed to the botanical definitionis a perennial or biennial plant with an edible part, which is usually eaten raw as a snack or dessert, rather than as a main-course food. The SMART Gardener's Guide to Growing Fruits deals only with those plants that are commonly considered fruits by the popular definition, rather than the botanical. Classification of Fruits All fruits are given botanical names according to a worldwide taxonomic system. This system of botanical classification, developed in the eighteenth century by Carolus Linnaeus, groups plants into ever more specific categories based upon their common characteristics. All fruit-bearing plants belong to the plant division Spermatophyta or seed-bearing plants. They also belong to the plant class Angiospermae, or plants that bear their seeds in an ovary, or fruit. Fruit-bearing palms belong to the subclass Monocotyledoneae, plants that have one seed leaf (monocots). All other fruits belong to the subclass Dicotyledoneae, or plants that have two seed leaves (dicots). Page 2 The botanical classification of fruits shows their scientific relationships. All temperate-zone fruits belong to several families of the class Dicotyledoneae (dicots). Some common names refer to more than one botanical name. Actinidiaceae (Kiwifruit family) Actinidia arguta Siberian gooseberry Actinidia chinensis Kiwifruit Actinidia deliciosa Kiwifruit Betulaceae (Birch family) Corylus americana American hazelnut Corylus avellana European hazelnut (filbert) Corylus maxima European hazelnut Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle family) Sambucus canadensis Elderberry Viburnum trilobum Highbush cranberry Ebenaceae (Ebony family) Diospyros virginiana American persimmon Diospyros kaki Chinese persimmon, kaki Ericaceae (Heath family) Vaccinium angustifolium Lowbush blueberry Vaccinium corymbosum Highbush blueberry Vaccinium macrocarpon American cranberry Fagaceae (Beech family) Castanea mollissima Chinese chestnut Castanea sativa European chestnut Castanea dentata American chestnut Juglandaceae (Walnut family) Carya glabra Pignut Carya illinoensis Pecan Carya ovalis Pignut Carya ovata Shagbark hickory Juglans cinera Butternut Juglans hindsii California black walnut Juglans nigra Black walnut Juglans regia English (Persian) walnut (table continued on next page)
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