The Skilled Facilitator A Comprehensive Resource for Consultants, Facilitators, Managers, Trainers, and Coaches New and Revised Roger Schwarz “Schwarzshowsushowtobecomemoretransparentinourworkwithclients inawaythatbuildsclienteffectiveness.” —MaryBethO’Neill,consultant,coach,andauthorofExecutiveCoaching withBackboneandHeart “RogerSchwarzhaswrittentheperfectbooktotransformmediatorsintoskilled facilitators.Itisallhere:thetheory,thepracticalsuggestions,theguidelines, theanalysisofgroups.Theonlythingbetterthanthisbookisthebookandthe workshop.” —ZenaD.Zumeta,president,MediationTraining&Consultation Institute/TheCollaborativeWorkplace “Thebookarmsyounotonlywithskillsfortheworkplacebutwithskillsfor life.AtConoco,Roger’sapproachhashadasignificantimpactonourbusiness andfunctionalleaders—it’sfarmorethanaguideforfacilitators.” —DavidNelson,manager,organizationdevelopment andConocoUniversity,Conoco,Inc. “Everygroupfacilitatorshouldbegroundedinthevalues,assumptions,and principlesunderlyingthepracticeofgroupfacilitation.Thankfully,inThe SkilledFacilitator,RogerSchwarzaddressesthesemattersthoughtfully,coher- ently,andmorecomprehensivelythaninanyotherbookforgroupfacilitators.” —SandorP.Schuman,editor,GroupFacilitation:AResearch andApplicationsJournal,andmoderator,TheElectronic DiscussiononGroupFacilitation “Asanewentrytothefacilitationfield,Iwantedtofindoutwhattheindustry thoughtwasthebestresourceforcombiningtheorywiththepracticesoffacili- tation.Isubmittedmyrequesttothelargestonlinediscussionforumforactive, professionalfacilitators.RogerSchwarz’sbookTheSkilledFacilitatorwasbyfar thefavoritechoiceofpeopleintheprofession.Iamorderingmy copynow!” —MalcolmDell,formerexecutivecoordinator, Woodnet DevelopmentCouncil,Inc. “Theexpanded,revisededitionprovidesnew,innovativeapproachesand insightsnotonlytoprofessionalfacilitatorsbutalsotothosewhowanttouse facilitationskillstobeeffectiveleaders,consultants,orcoaches.Rogermakes facilitationskillsandtechniquesunderstandableandusable.Theseskillsare particularlyimportantinlabor-managementrelationsandothersettingsin whichleadersmustgeneratecommitmentratherthancomplianceand wheremutualunderstandingiscriticaltoproductive relationships.” —RobertTobias,formerpresident,NationalTreasuryEmployeesUnion,and professorofpublicadministration,AmericanUniversity “PeoplewithgroupandteamexpertiseoftenreferredtoRogerSchwarz’sfirst editionofTheSkilledFacilitatoras‘thefacilitators’bible.’Theenhancedrevised editionwilleasilyretainthattitle.Themillionswhohavetocopewithineffec- tivemeetingsonadailybasiswouldbewisetoquicklyacquireandabsorbthe keypoints.Merelyusingthelistofbehavioralgroundruleswouldsoenhance theeffectivenessoftheirmeetingprocessthatitwouldpayforthebookmany timesover.Usingtherestoftheideasinthebookwouldgeneratesignificant bottom-linereturnthroughswifter,higher-quality,moreeasilyimplemented decisionsatalllevelsoftheorganization.” —MichaelM.Beyerlein,director,CenterfortheStudyof WorkTeams, andprofessorofindustrial/organizational psychology, UniversityofNorthTexas “Roger Schwarz’s approach goes far beyond the typical techniques and strategies to focus on core values that enable multiple parties with different perspectives to work together effectively. As part of the most comprehensive and long-standing education reform agenda in the country, which includes business leaders, school board members, school council members, parents, students, and state-level policymakers, thirty-five high-level leaders in Ken- tucky have received training in using facilitative skills as leaders. They report that they work more effectively because of the Skilled Facilitator framework.” —CarolynWittJones,executivedirector, Partnership forKentuckySchools The Skilled Facilitator A Comprehensive Resource for Consultants, Facilitators, Managers, Trainers, and Coaches New and Revised Roger Schwarz Copyright © 2002 by Roger Schwarz. Jossey-Bass is a registered trademark of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy- ing, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4744. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Depart- ment, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012, (212) 850-6011, fax (212) 850-6008, e-mail: [email protected]. Jossey-Bass books and products are available through most bookstores. To contact Jossey-Bass directly, call (888) 378-2537, fax to (800) 605-2665, or visit our website at www.josseybass.com. Substantial discounts on bulk quantities of Jossey-Bass books are available to corporations, professional associations, and other organizations. For details and discount information, contact the special sales department at Jossey-Bass. We at Jossey-Bass strive to use the most environmentally sensitive paper stocks available to us. Our publications are printed on acid-free recycled stock whenever possible, and our paper always meets or exceeds minimum GPO and EPA requirements. Jossey-Bass also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Schwarz, Roger M., date– The skilled facilitator: a comprehensive resource for consultants, facilitators, managers, trainers, and coaches / Roger Schwarz.—New and rev. ed. p. cm.—(The Jossey-Bass business & management series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-7879-4723-7 (hardcover: alk. paper) 1. Communication in management. 2. Communication in personnel management. 3. Group facilitation. 4. Teams in the workplace. 5. Conflict management. I. Title. II. Series. HD30.3.S373 2002 658.4(cid:1)036—dc21 2002007934 SECOND EDITION HB Printing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The Jossey-Bass Business & Management Series To Kathleen, Noah, and Hannah, with whom I learn about compassion . . . and who bring so much to my life CONTENTS Preface to the Revised Edition ix Acknowledgments xvii The Author xxi PART ONE: HOW FACILITATION HELPS GROUPS 1 The Skilled Facilitator Approach 3 2 What Makes Work Groups Effective? 17 3 The Facilitator and Other Facilitative Roles 40 PART TWO: DIAGNOSING BEHAVIOR IN GROUPS 4 Understanding the Theories That Guide Our Actions 65 5 Ground Rules for Effective Groups 96 6 Diagnosing Behaviors That Enhance or Hinder Group Effectiveness 136 vii
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