The Six Questions i ii The Six Questions Acting Technique for Dance Performance Daniel Nagrin University of Pittsburgh Press iii Published by the University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, Pa. 15261 Copyright © 1997, Daniel Nagrin Theatre, Film and Dance Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America Printed on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging–in–Publication Data and acknowledgments of permissions will be found at the end of this book. A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. iv Helen Tamiris These pages are dedicated to 1902–66 She gave me and many others the liberating insight that the art of dance and the art of acting were rivers waiting to be joined as one. v vi Contents acknowledgments xi introduction xxiii Part One. The Theory 1. Work on the Self 3 Pride in Your Physical Presence 4 When You Dance, You Can Lose Your Mind 6 Relish the Game of Pretending 7 Recall Your Earliest Performing Instructions 9 Observation, Imitation and Imagination 13 Keep a Journal 16 Read a Book 17 Too Much and Not Enough 18 2. Eroding Elements of the Performing State 21 The Crutches of Style 21 Performing for the Audience: Seen and Unseen 25 The Intolerance of Uncertainty 27 Vanity Versus Self-hatred 29 Reaching for the Result 31 vii 3. The Six Questions: The Syntax of the Performing State 33 Who or What? 35 Is Doing What? 37 To Whom or What? 44 Where or When? 45 To What End? 47 The Obstacle? 48 Emotion Memory 49 Direction 50 Summary of the Six Questions: Questions, Doubts, Paradoxes and Contradictions 52 4. More Work on the Role 58 Impulse Analysis 58 Relationship to the Music 60 Sense-memory Work 61 Passive or Active? 62 Controlled or Released? 63 Focus: Internal or External? 65 An Event, a Recurrence or a Ritual? 68 The Inner Rhythm of the Role 68 Contradiction 69 Living with the Magic “If” 70 Justification 72 Living with the Game of Oscillation 73 Taste 75 Pursue the Mannerism/Probe the Cliché 76 Determining Style 76 5. Performing 87 Lining Up Your Energies 87 Rivers of Energy Pouring Into Each Moment of Performance 94 Stage Concentration Versus Oscillation 99 Dealing with What Is, Not with What Was 100 Interacting with the Others and the Environment 100 viiii Contents Energy: Too Much/Too Little/Just Enough 101 Competition 102 The Stage Space 103 Dealing with Failure or Negative Criticism 103 Success Is a Serious Problem 104 Taking Risks 104 The Next Step 105 Part Two. The Workbook 6. Introduction and Outline 125 7. First Assignments 128 8. Exercises: Level 1 133 9. Exercises: Level 2 144 10. Exercises: Level 3 157 11. Exercises: Level 4 173 12. Exercises: Level 5 176 13. Exercises: Level 6 182 appendix a: Anecdotal Material 195 appendix b: A Beat Analysis of Dance in the Sun 200 appendix c: Susanne K. Langer on Performance: A Critique 203 appendix d: “The Duende,” by Federico Garcia Lorca 208 index 217 ix Contents
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