The Sinews of Habsburg Power: Lower Austria in a Fiscal-Military State 1650–1820 PDF
Preview The Sinews of Habsburg Power: Lower Austria in a Fiscal-Military State 1650–1820
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,27/10/2017,SPi THE SINEWS OF HABSBURG POWER OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,27/10/2017,SPi OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,27/10/2017,SPi The Sinews of Habsburg Power Lower Austria in a Fiscal-Military State – 1650 1820 WILLIAM D. GODSEY 1 OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,27/10/2017,SPi 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxford,OX26DP, UnitedKingdom OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwide.Oxfordisaregisteredtrademarkof OxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountries ©WilliamD.Godsey2018 Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted FirstEditionpublishedin2018 Impression:1 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthe priorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermitted bylaw,bylicence,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographics rightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeofthe aboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,atthe addressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisworkinanyotherform andyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirer PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyOxfordUniversityPress 198MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY10016,UnitedStatesofAmerica BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017941750 ISBN 978–0–19–880939–5 Printedandboundby CPIGroup(UK)Ltd,Croydon,CR04YY LinkstothirdpartywebsitesareprovidedbyOxfordingoodfaithand forinformationonly.Oxforddisclaimsanyresponsibilityforthematerials containedinanythirdpartywebsitereferencedinthiswork. OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,27/10/2017,SPi To Richard OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,27/10/2017,SPi OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,27/10/2017,SPi Acknowledgments It is a pleasure to remember the many kindnesses that I have experienced in researching and writing this study. Grete Klingenstein inspired the original idea. Over many years she provided needed advice and generous support, including a critical reading of an earlier version of the manuscript. Hamish Scott likewise contributed decisively to the successful conclusion of the project. He too read and commented on a previous version in a way that can only be described as unselfish and stimulating. I am tremendously grateful to the three anonymous readers of Oxford University Press for their careful reading and thoughtful criti- cism.Ihopeallofthesescholarswillrecognizetheirvaluableinputintothisbook. Sources from a dozen public archives in three countries (Austria, the Czech Republic, and Slovenia) underlie this study. I am greatly indebted to the friendly and professional staff of these institutions. Because of the central importance of its holdings for the pages that follow, I should especially like to thank the men and women of the Niederösterreichisches Landesarchiv in St. Pölten, all of whom made my research hours there a pleasant and rewarding experience. Waltraud Winkelbauerdeservesparticularmentionforherunfailingadviceandassistance. With regardtoprivatearchives andcollections Ishouldliketoexpress appreci- ationtothefollowingfortheirobligingcooperation:PriorWilfriedKowarik,OSB (archivesofMelkabbey);HelgaPenz(archivesofHerzogenburgabbey);Maximilian AlexanderTrofaier(archivesoftheSchottenabbey);CountErnstHarrach(Harrach FamilyPapers);andHubertusSuttner(MoserFamilyPapersandafamilyportrait). IfondlyrecallamorningspentatthelovelycastleinpicturesqueRetz,whereBaron MatthiasSuttner-Gatterburggraciouslyallowedmetophotographwhatmaybethe only surviving oil portrait of a receiver general of the Lower Austrian Estates—and made me a present of wines from his vineyards. I regret not being able to include thepicturehere. For all manner of other support ranging from stimulating discussions to their help with specific questions, my gratitude extends to Michael Alram, Derek Beales, Elisabeth Garms-Cornides, Christine Gruber, Barbara Haider-Wilson, Michael Hochedlinger, Volkhard Huth, Veronika Hyden-Hanscho, Hans Peter Hye, Shuichi Iwasaki, Pieter Judson, Lupold von Lehsten, Petr Maťa, Philip Mansel, Gernot Peter Obersteiner, Miloš Řezník, Anna Schirlbauer, Baron Niklas Schrenck, David Schriffl, Rita Steblin, Arno Strohmeyer, Arnold Suppan, Julian Swann, Klaas Van Gelder, Luboš Velek, Stephan Wagner, Johann Weißensteiner, andThomasWinkelbauer. My home institution, the Institute for Modern and Contemporary Historical ResearchoftheAustrianAcademyofSciencesinVienna,offeredanidealbasefrom whichtoworkonthisbook.Mydeepestthankstoitsstaffandscholars.Thisbook isdedicatedtoRichardArnholdforkeepingfaith. WilliamD.Godsey Vienna,June2017 OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,27/10/2017,SPi OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,27/10/2017,SPi Contents ListofFigures xi ListofTables xiii ListofMaps xv ListofAbbreviations xvii GlossaryofTerms xix Introduction 1 1. TheEstatesofLowerAustria 37 2. OrganizationandOfficeholders,c.1650–1764 67 3. EvolvingFiscalFoundations,c.1650–1730 107 4. ACommissariatfortheStandingArmy,c.1650–1764 151 5. Towarda“Military,Cameral,andDebtSystem,”1733–48 189 6. Reform,Credit,andCompromise,1749–63 213 7. “FifteenYearsofMilitaryGovernment,”1763–80 247 8. “HeisworkingtoabolishallEstates,”1780–90 289 9. RenovationandRepresentationafter1790 323 10. ResilienceintheContestwithFrance,1792–1815 359 Conclusion 393 Appendix 399 GenealogicalTables 403 ManuscriptSources 407 Bibliography 409 Index 438
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