The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles Among Western Publics

496 Pages·1977·21.64 MB·English

by  Ronald Inglehart

The Silent Revolution

RONALD INGLEHART
The Silent Revolution
Changing Values and Political Styles
Among Western Publics
Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey
Copyright © 1977 by Princeton University Press
Published by Princeton University Press,
Princeton, New Jersey
In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press,
Guildford, Surrey
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Parts of Chapter 2 of this book previously ap
peared as a chapter in Leon Lindberg (ed.),
Politics and the Future of Industrial Society (New
York: McKay, 1976); part of Chapter 5 appeared
in Comparative Political Studies 9, 4 (January,
1977); and an abridgement of Chapter 12 ap
peared in Government and Opposition 12, 2
(Spring, 1977).
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
will be found on the last printed page of this book
Publication of this book has been aided by a grant
from The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
Printed in the United States of America
by Princeton University Press,
Princeton, New Jersey
This book is affectionately dedicated to
my wife Margaret and my daughters,
Elizabeth and Rachel

CONTENTS
List of Figures and Tables ix
Preface xiii
PART I: Introduction 1
1 Changing Values and Skills Among Western Publics:
An Overview 3
PART II: Value Change 19
2 The Nature of Value Change 21
3 Sources of Value Change 72
4 Stability and Change in Value Priorities 99
5 Values, Objective Needs, and the Subjective
Quality of Life 116
6 Subjective Satisfaction: Cross-Cultural and
Cross-Temporal Variations 149
PART III: Political Cleavages 177
7 Political Cleavages in Industrial Society 179
8 Pre-Industrial and Post-Industrial Political Cleavages 216
9 Multi-variate Analysis of Political Cleavages 244
10 The Post-Materialist Phenomenon 262
PART IV: Cognitive Mobilization 291
11 Cognitive Mobilization and Political Participation
Among Western Publics 293
12 Parochialism, Nationalism, and Supra-nationalism 322
13 World Views and Global Change 363
Appendices 393
Bibliography 449
Index 475

LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
FIGURES
1-1. Overview: The Processes of Change Examined in This
Book 5
2-1. Items Used in 1973 Surveys and Needs They Were In
tended To Tap 42
2-2. The Materialist/Post-Materialist Factor 46
2-3. Value Types by Age Group 54
2-4. Job Goals by Value Type 56
2-5. Geographical Identity by Value Type 59
3-1. Influences on Value Type 86
4-1. Change in Value Priorities, 1970-1976 105
5-1. Satisfaction in Three Domains by Value Type: Europe,
1973 142
5-2. Political Satisfaction by Value Type 144
6-1. Overall Life Satisfaction in the Nine-Nation European
Community Combined at Three Points in Time 152
6-2. Overall Life Satisfaction Levels in the Eight Larger Euro
pean Community Countries 153
8-1. Inter-Generational Transmission of Social Class, Party
Preference, and Religious Denomination 221
9-1. Issue Positions of Average Voter and the Two Presidential
Candidates in 1968 and 1972, as Perceived by the Average
American Voter 259
12-1. Proportion Having Supra-National Sense of Identity by
Age Group 333
12-2. Percent Having Supra-National Sense of Identity by
Value Type, 1973 335
12-3. The Evolution of Support for European Unification,
1952-1975 346
12-4. Support for Membership in the European Community,
Sept., 1973-Nov., 1975 355
TABLES
2-1. Value Types by Age Cohort: Combined 1970 and 1971
Data 32
2-2. Value Type by Age Cohort in Eleven Countries, 1972-
1973 36-37
2-3. Distribution of Value Types by Nation, 1972-1973 38