THE SHOWS OF LONDON BEEEEEEEE E £93 EEE E E ElE WEE THE E EEE E E SHOWS El] EEE ? 2E9? OFE/ég » 3E WE? . LONDON E EEa E m EEE .. RICHARD D. ALTICK E EEE E . . 9.3 EEE THE BELKNAP PRESS OF s HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS m EEE CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS § ANl) LONDON, ENGLAND ° 1978 é EEEEEEEEEEE § : g : I! Copyright© 1978bythel’rcsldcntJudFellowsnfllan'ardCollege All rlghtsrcscrvcd PrintedintheUmtcdStatesofAmerim lrarv. of(Ion1-v»rcssCALI“)£7-11)$rIn l’uhllcanon Data Altu‘k. Rlclmrd l).ll]lL‘l. I915- l'hcshows‘ ofLondon IncludeshlbIIOnPhIL‘JIrcfl‘rcnccsandIndex, I London—~hxhlbmom—Hlstory I Tltlc 13955(WA-$5 942 I 77-2755 ISBN (H174—8073l—(I The Public Exhibitions of a Nation, principally form and establish that pemIiar rhamrter, which the rest of Mankind agree in annexing to their general ideas con— cerningthem. —Look around you, in thisextraordinary Country, and contemplate the various Shows and Di— versions of the People, and then say, whether their temper or mind at various periods ofour History, may not be collected from them? —Prefatory page, signed “G.S., l’eckham, 1840," in British Library scrapbook, Exhibitions qflhrlmniml and Other Works qf‘Ingenuity Contents Introduction From Cabinets to Museums, 1: 1600—1750 H From Cabinets to Museums, II: 1750—1800 22 N Monster—Mongers and Other Retailers of Strange Sights M Waxwork and Clockwork 50 F Exhibitions of Mechanical Ingenuity - m Water, Fire, Air, and a Celestial Bed 77 The Sights and Resorts of Eighteenth-Century London 87 a q Art on Display 99 \ The Eidophusikon 117 The Panorama in Leicester Square 128 HQ HH A Panorama in a Pleasure Dome 141 IHN The Diorama 163 M H Panoramas: Topics ofthe Times 173 B H-I The Theatrical Art ofthe Panorama 184 I‘U - Panoramas in Motion 198 ll‘O - I Scenes Optical, Mechanical, and Spectral 211 17 Entr’acte: Exhibitions and London Life 18 William Bullock and the Egyptian Hall 19 Freaks in the Age of Improvement 20 The Noble Savage Reconsidered 21 The Ancient and the Exotic 22 Life and Death in the Animal Kingdom 23 Zoos and Pleasure Gardens 24 The Waxen and the Fleshly 25 More Mechanical Ingenuity 26 The Two Faces of Science 27 Technology for the Million 28 Artifacts and Models 29 Fine Art for the People 30 Entr’acte: Inside the Exhibition Business 31 National Monuments 32 The Crystal Palace Year: 1851 33 The Fifties, I: New Patterns of Life and the Decline of the Panorama 34 The Fifties, II: The Old Order Changeth Epilogue Short Forms of Citation Notes Index