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The Seventeenth-Century Customs Service Surveyed: William Culliford’s Investigation of the Western Ports, 1682-84 PDF

254 Pages·2012·2.03 MB·English
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The Seventeenth-Century Customs Service Surveyed William Culliford’s Investigation of the Western Ports, 1682-84 W. B. Stephens The SevenTeenTh-CenTury CuSTomS ServiCe Surveyed Photograph of exeter Customs house, taken in 1982. Copyright exeter Archaeology. The Seventeenth-Century Customs Service Surveyed William Culliford’s investigation of the Western Ports, 1682–84 W. B. STePhenS University of Leeds, UK © W. B. Stephens 2012 All rights reserved. no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. W. B. Stephens has asserted his right under the Copyright, designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the author of this work. Published by Ashgate Publishing Limited Ashgate Publishing Company Wey Court east Suite 420 union road 101 Cherry Street Farnham Burlington Surrey, Gu9 7PT vT 05401-4405 england uSA www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Stephens, W. B. The seventeenth-century customs service surveyed : William Culliford’s investigation of the western ports, 1682–84. 1. Great Britain. h.m. Customs and excise – history – 17th century – Sources. 2. Customs inspection – england – West Country – history – 17th century – Sources. 3. Customs inspection – Wales – history – 17th century – Sources. 4. Culliford, William. i. Title 352.4’48235’09423’09032–dc23 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Stephens, W. B. The seventeenth-century customs service surveyed : William Culliford’s investigation of the western ports, 1682-84 / William B. Stephens. p. cm. includes index. iSBn 978-1-4094-3837-3 (hardcover : alk. paper)—iSBn 978-1- 4094-3838-0 (ebook) 1. Customs administration—england--history—17th century. 2. Customs administration—Wales—history—17th century. i. Title. hJ6891.S744 2012 382’.7094209032—dc23 2011035118 iSBn 9781409438373 (hbk) iSBn 9781409438380 (ebk) V Printed and bound in Great Britain by the mPG Books Group, uK For Shaenna and in memory of our brother, George This page has been left blank intentionally Contents List of Tables ix List of Maps xi List of Appendices xiii List of Abbreviations xv Preface xix 1 Introduction 1 The Crown and the Customs 1 The Rise of William Culliford 7 The Structure of the Customs Service 9 Weaknesses of the System 15 The Survey of William Culliford 26 2 Bristol and the Ports of South Wales 35 Bristol 35 Chepstow to Swansea 54 3 The Ports of Somerset and North Devon 63 Bridgwater, Minehead and Watchet 63 Barnstaple and Bideford 79 4 The Dorset Ports 85 5 Exeter and Dartmouth 107 Exeter 107 Dartmouth 126 6 Plymouth and Looe 129 Plymouth 129 Looe 151 viii The Seventeenth-Century Customs Service Surveyed 7 The Cornish Ports 157 The Problem of the Tin Trade 159 Fowey 164 Falmouth, Penryn and Truro 169 Penzance and St Ives 184 8 Conclusion 193 Appendix I 205 Appendix II 211 Appendix III 215 Appendix IV 217 Index 219 List of Tables I Customs returns (£s) at the North Devon and Somerset ports 80 II Frauds committed by two Plymouth importers 134 III The financial account of Paul Hicks, smuggler 138

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