The Semantics of Knowledge Attributions

257 Pages·2022·1.715 MB·English

by  Michael Blome-Tillmann

OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,13/5/2022,SPi
The Semantics of Knowledge Attributions
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,13/5/2022,SPi
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,13/5/2022,SPi
The Semantics of
Knowledge Attributions
MICHAEL BLOME-TILLMANN
1
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,13/5/2022,SPi
3
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Contents
Acknowledgements xi
ListofFigures xiii
Introduction xv
PART I: EPISTEMIC CONTEXTUALISM
1. EpistemicContextualism 3
1.1 WhatisEpistemicContextualism? 3
1.2 EvidenceforContextualism 7
1.3 ScepticalPuzzles 10
1.4 ErrorTheoryandContextualShifts 12
1.5 Closure 14
1.6 TheHistoryofContextualism 15
1.7 SuggestionsforFurtherReading 20
2. SemanticImplementations 21
2.1 Indexicality:CharacterandContent 21
2.2 ClassicalContextualism 24
2.3 RadicalContextualism 34
2.4 FancyContextualism 39
2.5 TheVarietiesofEpistemicContextualism 43
2.6 SuggestionsforFurtherReading 43
3. VersionsofContextualism 46
3.1 TheCharacterof‘Knowledge’ 46
3.2 DavidLewis:RelevantAlternatives 48
3.3 StewartCohen:InternalistEvidentialism 55
3.4 KeithDeRose:SafetyandSensitivity 59
3.5 FurtherViews 64
3.6 SuggestionsforFurtherReading 65
4. LinguisticObjections 67
4.1 SemanticBlindness 67
4.2 SyntacticGradability 79
4.3 OvertRestrictors 82
4.4 FreeShifting 85
4.5 ALinguisticScorecard 86
4.6 SuggestionsforFurtherReading 87
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5. PhilosophicalObjections 88
5.1 Over-generation 88
5.2 TooMuchofaConcession? 89
5.3 MisconstruingtheSceptic? 95
5.4 KnowledgeNorms 96
5.5 SurveysandExperimentalPhilosophy 100
5.6 SuggestionsforFurtherReading 101
AWishListforContextualists 102
PART II: EPISTEMIC IMPURISM
6. EpistemicImpurism 105
6.1 WhatisEpistemicImpurism? 105
6.2 EvidenceforImpurism 111
6.3 RelationtoContextualism:ImpuristContextualism? 116
6.4 EvaluatingtheArgumentsfromPrinciples 119
6.5 SuggestionsforFurtherReading 122
7. ProblemsandObjections 123
7.1 CounterexamplestotheKnowledge-ActionPrinciples 123
7.2 High-Attributor/Low-SubjectStakes 127
7.3 AretherePracticalFactorEffects? 129
7.4 UnpleasantConsequences:Embeddings 133
7.5 FurtherObjections 139
7.6 ConcludingRemarks 141
7.7 SuggestionsforFurtherReading 142
PART III: EPISTEMIC RELATIVISM
8. EpistemicRelativism 145
8.1 Truth-Relativismabout‘Knowledge’-Attributions 145
8.2 Motivation 147
8.3 ObjectionsandReplies 149
8.4 Conclusion 154
8.5 SuggestionsforFurtherReading 154
PART IV: STRICT INVARIANTISM
9. PsychologicalInvariantism 157
9.1 LackofBelief 157
9.2 TheAvailabilityHeuristic 160
9.3 EpistemicEgocentrismandEpistemicAnxiety 162
9.4 EpistemicFocalBias 168
9.5 FragilityandOver-generalization 171
9.6 SuggestionsforFurtherReading 172
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10. PragmaticInvariantism 173
10.1 ScepticalPragmaticInvariantism 174
10.2 ModeratePragmaticInvariantism 182
10.3 AMapofPositions 189
10.4 SuggestionsforFurtherReading 189
PART V: PRESUPPOSITIONAL EPISTEMIC
CONTEXTUALISM
11. ThePresuppositionEffect 193
11.1 TheInsufficiencyofSalience 193
11.2 ConcreteandVividSalience 197
11.3 ThePresuppositionEffect 199
11.4 TheIndirectRelevanceofStakesandSalience 203
11.5 Charity,Accommodation,andtheDeferralEffect 205
11.6 ConcessiveKnowledgeAttributions 210
11.7 ConcludingRemarks 211
11.8 SuggestionsforFurtherReading 212
12. PresuppositionalEpistemicContextualism 213
12.1 FromAttentiontoPresupposition 213
12.2 PresuppositionalEpistemicContextualism 215
12.3 PhilosophicalObjections:PECandNon-Elusiveness 216
12.4 LinguisticObjections:Automaticity,Blindness,and
Clarifiability 218
12.5 SuggestionsforFurtherReading 224
References 225
Index 237