The Semantics of Derivational Morphology : a Synchronic and Diachronic Investigation of the Suffixes -age and -ery in English.

252 Pages·2015·2.074 MB·Language in Performance (LIP)

by  Schulte, Marion

LiP
Language in Performance
Marion Schulte
The Semantics of
Derivational Morphology
A Synchronic and Diachronic Investigation
of the Suffixes -age and -ery in English
The Semantics of Derivational Morphology
49
Edited by Rainer Schulze
Advisory Board:
Anita Fetzer (Augsburg), Thomas Herbst (Erlangen),
Andreas Jucker (Zürich), Manfred Krug (Bamberg),
Christian Mair (Freiburg i.Br.), Ute Römer (Atlanta, GA, USA),
Andrea Sand (Trier), Hans-Jörg Schmid (München),
Josef Schmied (Chemnitz) and Edgar W. Schneider (Regensburg)
Marion Schulte
The Semantics of
Derivational Morphology
A Synchronic and Diachronic Investigation
of the Suffixes -age and -ery in English
Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek
Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen
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Dissertation, Universität Bielefeld, D 361
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Contents
Tables .......................................................................................... 8
Figures ......................................................................................... 8
Acknowledgements ................................................................ 10
1 Introduction ......................................................................... 11
2 Affixes and Meaning ......................................................... 15
2.1 Morpheme-based Approaches to Morphology ................ 15
2.1.1 Morpheme-based Accounts and Affixes ............................... 17
2.2 Word-based Approaches to Morphology ......................... 21
2.3 Complex Words in the Mental Lexicon............................. 22
2.4 Summary ............................................................................... 27
3 Accounting for the Semantics of Grammatical
Categories ............................................................................ 29
3.1 Previous Approaches ........................................................... 29
3.2 Lieber's Skeleton and Body Model .................................... 31
3.3 Semantic Maps ...................................................................... 34
3.4 Summary ............................................................................... 38
4 Adapted Semantic Map Model ........................................ 39
4.1 Readings and Ontological Categories ............................... 39
4.2 Construction of Semantic Maps ......................................... 48
4.3 Semantic Structure ............................................................... 51
4.4 Productivity........................................................................... 58
4.5 Summary: Using Semantic Maps to Account
for Semantic Structure .................................................... 65
5 Dictionary Investigation of -age and -ery
Derivatives ........................................................................... 67
5.1 Data Source and Methodology ........................................... 67
5
5.2 The Suffix -age in the OED .................................................. 71
5.2.1 Previous Descriptions .............................................................. 71
5.2.2 Middle English Neologisms .................................................... 72
5.2.3 Present Day English Neologisms ........................................... 94
5.2.4 Comparison of ME and PDE Neologisms ........................... 103
5.3 The Suffix -ery in the OED ................................................. 106
5.3.1 Previous Descriptions ............................................................ 106
5.3.2 Middle English Neologisms .................................................. 107
5.3.3. Present Day English Neologisms ......................................... 126
5.3.4 Comparison of ME and PDE Neologisms ........................... 135
5.4 Summary: The Semantic Structure of -age and -ery
Neologisms in the OED ................................................ 137
6 Corpus Investigation of -age and -ery Derivatives .... 139
6.1 Data Source and Methodology ......................................... 139
6.2 The Suffix -age in the BNC ................................................ 142
6.2.1 CONCRETE Derivatives ............................................................ 143
6.2.2 ABSTRACT Derivatives ............................................................. 147
6.2.3 EVENT Derivatives ................................................................... 150
6.2.4 STATE Derivatives .................................................................... 152
6.2.5 Semantic Maps of -age Derivatives ....................................... 153
6.2.6 Comparison to Dictionary-based Analysis ......................... 157
6.3 The Suffix -ery in the BNC ................................................. 161
6.3.1 CONCRETE Derivatives ............................................................ 162
6.3.2 ABSTRACT Derivatives ............................................................. 166
6.3.3 EVENT Derivatives ................................................................... 168
6.3.4 STATE Derivatives .................................................................... 170
6.3.5 Semantic Maps of -ery Derivatives ....................................... 172
6.3.6 Comparison to Dictionary-based Analysis ......................... 176
6.4 Summary: The Semantic Structure of -age and -ery
Derivatives in the BNC ................................................. 180
7 Conclusion: The Semantic Structure of -age
and -ery Derivatives ......................................................... 183
7.1 Comparison of -age and -ery Derivatives ........................ 183
7.2 Evaluation of the Adapted Semantic Map Model ......... 187
6
8 References .......................................................................... 191
Primary Sources .......................................................................... 191
Secondary Sources ...................................................................... 191
9 Appendix ............................................................................ 197
7
Tables
Table 1: Calculation of box sizes on semantic maps ............................. 49
Table 2: Thickness of connecting lines on semantic maps ................... 50
Table 3: Ontological categories of -age neologisms (ME) ..................... 73
Table 4: CONCRETE readings of -age neologisms (ME) .......................... 75
Table 5: ABSTRACT readings of -age neologisms (ME) ........................... 80
Table 6: STATE readings of -age neologisms (ME) .................................. 88
Table 7: Ontological categories of -age neologisms (PDE) ................... 94
Table 8: CONCRETE readings of -age neologisms (PDE) ......................... 95
Table 9: ABSTRACT readings of -age neologisms (PDE).......................... 97
Table 10: Ontological categories of -ery neologisms (ME) ................... 109
Table 11: CONCRETE readings of -ery neologisms (ME) ......................... 110
Table 12: ABSTRACT readings of -ery neologisms (ME) ......................... 116
Table 13: STATE readings of -ery neologisms (ME) ................................ 120
Table 14: Ontological categories of -ery neologisms (PDE) ................. 126
Table 15: CONCRETE readings of -ery neologisms (PDE) ....................... 127
Table 16: ABSTRACT readings of -ery neologisms (PDE) ........................ 130
Table 17: Ontological categories of -age derivatives (BNC) ................. 142
Table 18: CONCRETE readings of -age derivatives (BNC) ...................... 143
Table 19: ABSTRACT readings of -age derivatives (BNC) ....................... 147
Table 20: EVENT readings of -age derivatives (BNC) ............................. 151
Table 21: STATE readings of -age derivatives (BNC) .............................. 152
Table 22: Ontological categories of -ery derivatives (BNC) ................. 162
Table 23: CONCRETE readings of -ery derivatives (BNC) ....................... 162
Table 24: ABSTRACT readings of -ery derivatives (BNC) ....................... 166
Table 25: EVENT readings of -ery derivatives (BNC) ............................. 168
Table 26: STATE readings of -ery derivatives (BNC) .............................. 170
Figures
Figure 1: Word formation schema –ing suffixation ................................ 22
Figure 2: First attestation dates of -age neologisms (ME)....................... 73
Figure 3: Number of OED entries in 50 year periods over the
course of the ME period ............................................................. 74
Figure 4: Semantic map of CONCRETE readings of –age
neologisms (ME) ......................................................................... 79
Figure 5: Semantic map of ABSTRACT readings of -age
neologisms (ME) ......................................................................... 86
8
Figure 6: Semantic map of STATE readings of -age neologisms (ME) .... 90
Figure 7: Semantic map of all readings of -age neologisms (ME) ......... 93
Figure 8: Semantic map of CONCRETE readings of -age
neologisms (PDE) ....................................................................... 97
Figure 9: Semantic map of ABSTRACT readings of -age
neologisms (PDE) ....................................................................... 99
Figure 10: Semantic map of all readings of -age neologisms (PDE) ...... 102
Figure 11: Semantic map of all readings of -age neologisms (ME) ....... 104
Figure 12: First attestation dates of -ery neologisms (ME) ..................... 108
Figure 13: Number of OED entries in 50 year periods over the
course of the ME period ........................................................... 108
Figure 14: Semantic map of CONCRETE readings of -ery
neologisms (ME) ....................................................................... 115
Figure 15: Semantic map of ABSTRACT readings of -ery
neologisms (ME) ....................................................................... 118
Figure 16: Semantic map of STATE readings of -ery neologisms (ME) .. 123
Figure 17: Semantic map of all readings of -ery neologisms (ME) ....... 125
Figure 18: Semantic map of CONCRETE readings of -ery
neologisms (PDE) ..................................................................... 130
Figure 19: Semantic map of ABSTRACT readings of -ery
neologisms (PDE) ..................................................................... 131
Figure 20: Semantic map of all reading of -ery neologisms (PDE) ....... 134
Figure 21: Semantic map of all reading of -ery neologisms (ME) ......... 136
Figure 22: Semantic map of all readings of -age derivatives (BNC)
based on token frequency ........................................................ 154
Figure 23: Semantic map of all readings of -age derivatives (BNC)
based on type frequency .......................................................... 156
Figure 24: Semantic map of all readings of ME -age
neologisms (OED) ..................................................................... 159
Figure 25: Semantic map of all readings of PDE -age
neologisms (OED) ..................................................................... 160
Figure 26: Semantic map of all readings of -ery derivatives (BNC)
based on token frequency ........................................................ 174
Figure 27: Semantic map of all readings of -ery derivatives (BNC)
based on type frequency .......................................................... 175
Figure 28: Semantic map of all readings of ME -ery
neologisms (OED) ..................................................................... 178
Figure 29: Semantic map of all readings of PDE -ery
neologisms (OED) ..................................................................... 179

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