The Self in European and North American Culture: Development and Processes PDF
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The Self in European and North American Culture: Development and Processes NATO ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Series A Series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities. The Series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation B Physics London and New York C Mathematical and Physical Sciences Kluwer Academic Publishers D Behavioural and Social Sciences Dordrecht, Boston and London E Applied Sciences F Computer and Systems Sciences Springer-Verlag G Ecological Sciences Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London, H Cell Biology Paris and Tokyo I Global Environmental Change PARTNERSHIP SUB·SERIES 1. Disarmament Technologies Kluwer Academic Publishers 2. Environment Springer-Verlag / Kluwer Academic Publishers 3. High Technology Kluwer Academic Publishers 4. Science and Technology Policy Kluwer Academic Publishers 5. Computer Networking Kluwer Academic Publishers The Partnership Sub-Series incorporates activities undertaken in collaboration with NA TO's Cooperation Partners, the countries of the CIS and Central and Eastern Europe, in Priority Areas of concern to those countries. NATO-PCO-DATA BASE The electronic index to the NATO ASI Series provides full bibliographical references (with keywords and/or abstracts) to more than 50000 contributions from international scientists published in all sections of the NATO ASI Series. Access to the NATO-PCO-DATA BASE is possible in two ways: - via online FILE 128 (NATO-PCO-DATA BASE) hosted by ESRIN, Via Galileo Galilei, 1-00044 Frascati, Italy. - via CD-ROM "NATO-PCO-DATA BASE" with user-friendly retrieval software in English, French and German (© WTV GmbH and DATAWARE Technologies Inc. 1989). The CD-ROM can be ordered through any member of the Board of Publishers or through NATO- PCO, Overijse, Belgium. Series D: Behavioural and Social Sciences - Vol. 84 The Self in European and North American Culture: Development and Processes edited by Annerieke Oosterwegel Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K. and Robert A. Wicklund Department of Psychology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on The Self in European and North American Culture: Development and Processes Chersonnisos, Crete, Greace January 10-14, 1994 A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 978-94-010-4146-1 ISBN 978-94-011-0331-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-0331-2 Printed on acid-free paper AII Rights Reserved © 1995 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1995 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1995 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo- copying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without wrilten permission from the copyright owner. Contents ACKNOWLEOOEMENTS ix LIST OF CONlRIBUTORS xi INTRODUCTION: THE SELF FROM ALL DIRECTIONS Annerieke Oosterwegel, University of Southampton, United Kingdom Robert A. Wicklund, University of Bielefeld, Germany IDENTITY AND IDENTITY PROCESSES: WHAT ARE WE TALKING ABOUT? Harke A. Bosma, University of Groningen, The Netherlands 5 IDENTITY STATUS DEVELOPMENT AND STUDENTS' PERCEPTION OF THE UNIVERSITY ENVIRONMENT: A COHORT-SEQUENTIAL STUDY Luc Goossens, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium 19 ADOLESCENT IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL CONTEXT: TOWARDS AN INTEGRATIVE PERSPECTIVE Sandy Jackson, University of Groningen, The Netherlands 33 THE PROBLEM OF SELF-CONTINUITY IN THE CONTEXT OF RAPID PERSONAL AND CULTURAL CHANGE Michael J. Chandler, University of British Columbia, Canada Chris E. Lalonde, University of British Columbia, Canada 45 SELF-NARRATIVES AS PERSONAL STRUCTURES OF MEANING Jeroen Jansz. Leiden University, The Netherlands 65 NARRATIVE SELF, UNDERSTANDING, AND ACTION Jerzy Trzebinski, University of Warsaw, Poland 73 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ABILITY TO REPRESENT ONESELF Belen Garcia Torres, Universidad Complutense of Madrid, Spain 89 PRIVATE GOALS AND SOCIAL INFLUENCES: THE COMPLEXITY OF STUDYING SELF-SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT Annerieke Oosterwegel, University of Southampton, United Kingdom 103 vi THE SELF AS "VIRTUAL MACHINE": STRUCTURE VERSUS CONTENT Louis Oppenheimer, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands 127 SELF-CONCEPT AND INFORMATION-PROCESSING: METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS AND THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS Waldemar Mittag, Humboldt-University Berlin, Germany 143 ON INTEGRATING COGNITIVE AND MOTIVATIONAL EXPLANATIONS IN PSYCHOLOGY William M. Bernstein, Herbert Lipton Center, Massachusetts 159 Low MUTUALITY OF SELF- AND OTHER-DESCRIPTIONS AS A RISK FACTOR FOR ADOLESCENTS' COMPETENCE AND SELF-ESTEEM Marcel A.G. van Aken, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands Cornelis F.M. van Lieshout, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands Gerbert 1. T. Haselager, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands 169 PARANOIA AND SELF-FOCUSED ATTENTION Allan Fenigstein, Kenyon College, Ohio 183 THE ROLE OF OPTIMISM VERSUS PESSIMISM IN THE EXPERIENCE OF THE SELF Charles S. Carver, University of Miami, Florida Michael F. Scheier, Carnegie Mellon University, Pennsylvania 193 SELF-CONCEPT AND MOTIVATION DURING ADOLESCENCE: THEIR INFLUENCE ON SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENT Anne Marie Fontaine, Porto State University, Portugal 205 DIMENSIONS OF MATH AND VERBAL SELF-CONCEPT AND THE INTERNAUExTERNAL FRAME OF REFERENCE MODEL Einar M. Skaalvik, University of Trondheim, Norway Richard J. Rankin, University of Oregon, Oregon 219 THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN SELF- AND OTHER-RELATED FAILURE OUTCOME EXPECTANCIES: AN INTERNAL DOMAIN STUDY OF INDIAN AND NORWEGIAN STUDENTS Knut A. Hagtvet, University of Bergen, Norway Sagar Sharma, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India 239 COGNITIVE DISTINCTNESS OF SELF - WE - OTHERS SCHEMATA AND THE TENDENCY TO SOCIAL CATEGORIZATION Anna Kwiatkowska, Warsaw University, Bialystok Branch, Poland 257 vii THREE DIMENSIONS OF THE SOCIAL SELF Stephen Reicher, University of Exeter, United Kingdom 277 FACETS OF SELF IN NORTHERN IRELAND: EXPLORATIONS AND FURTHER QUESTIONS D. E. Benson, Kent State University, Ohio Karen J. Trew, Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland 291 ISOLATING THE COLLECTIVE SELF Russell Spears, University ofA msterdam, The Netherlands 309 WHAT EVIDENCE DOES ONE ACCEPT FOR THE WORKINGS OF A SELF? Robert A. Wicklund, University of Bielefeld, Germany 323 POSSUM, ERGO SUM-NEQUEO, ERGO SUM QUI SUM August Flammer, University of Bern, Switzerland 333 THE SELF AND TAKING AN INTENTIONAL STANCE Brigitte Porzgen, University of Koblenz, Germany 351 THE LmERAT ING AND CONSTRAINING ASPECTS OF SELF: WHY THE FREED BIRD FINDS A NEW CAGE Tom Pyszczynski, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs Sheldon Solomon, Skidmore College, New York Jeff Greenberg, University ofA rizona, Arizona Michelle Stewart-Fouts, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs 357 DISCUSSION: A MULTIFACETED MULTILEVEL ATTACK ON THE SELF Robert A. Wicklund, University ofB ielefeld, Germany Annerieke Oosterwegel, University of Southampton, United Kingdom 375 SUBJECT INDEX 381 AUTHOR INDEX 385 Acknowledgements We would like to thank the North Atlantic Treaty Organization for their funding of the workshop on which this book is based. We also owe a debt of gratitude to Ingeborg Ohlendorf, University of Bielefeld for her efficient handling of a good part of the pre- conference correspondence. Annerieke Oosterwegel Robert A. Wicklund December, 1994 List of Contributors Benson, D. E., Kent State University Kent, Ohio, Department of Sociology, Ohio 44242 USA. E-mail: xii Jackson, Sandy E., University of Groningen, Department of Psychology, Developmental Psychology Section, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, NL 9712 TS Groningen, the Netherlands. Fax: + 31 50 636304 Jansz, Jeroen, Leiden University, Experimental & Theoretical Psychology, P.O. Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, the Netherlands. E-mail:
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