The Selected Writings of A. R. Luria

373 Pages·1978·12.506 MB·English

by  Aleksandr R. Luria, Michael Cole

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The
Selected
Writings
of
A.R.Luria

The
Selected
Writings
of
A.R.Luria
EDITEWDI THA NI NTRODUCTBIYO N
MichaeClo le
M.E .S harpe
INC.
WHITPEL AINNSE,W Y ORK
Copyrig©h t1 978b y M.E .S harpeI,n c.
901N orthB roadwayW,h itPel ainNse,w York1 0603
Thiasn tholoigsyd rawnf romS oviPesty choloSgoyv,i Neetu rolo&g Py sy­
chiatarnyd,S oviPesty cholo&g Pys ychiatqurayr,t erjloyu rnaplusb lishbeyd
M.E .S harpeI,n c(.f ormerIlnyt ernatiAorntasal n dS ciencPerse sIsn,c .).
Translati©o1n9s6 41,9 671,9 681,9 741,9 76b y InternatioAnratlsa nd
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InternatioSntaaln daBrodo kN umber0:- 87332-127-8
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CONTENTS
vii Introduction
MichaCeoll e
I.E arlbyeg innings
3 Psycnhaoylasiassa S ystoefMm o nisPtsiycc hology
A.R .L uira
IID.e velonptmaslet udies
45A ChislSp de'ecRhe psonessa ntd he iSaEolnc vironment
A.R .L uria
78 ExperimenPtsaylc hoalnoCdgh yi Dledv elopment
A.R .L urai
97P athosfD evelopomfTe hnotu gihnt th Ceh ild
A. LRu.r ia
145T heD evelopomfWe rnitt iinnt gh Ceh ild
A. R. Luria
195T heD evelopomfCe onnts tvreuA cctvtiiitiynt he
PreschoCohli ld
A.R . Luria
229T heF ormtaioonfV oluntMaorvye meinnCt hsi ldren
ofP rsec hoAogle
0.K .T kihomirov
IIIe.u rNo pslygyoc ho
237 L.S .V ygotasnkdty h Per boleomfF unocntail
Loclaitzinao
A.R .L uria
228 TwoA pproatcoha enEs v alunao tfti hoRee liability
ofP scyhologIincvaels tigations
A.R .L urainaEd .Y u.A retme'v a
294D isturobfanI cnet eulalFleu ccntitnos Piatni ents
witFhr notaLlob eL esniso
A.R .L uriaL .aSn .Td z vtkeova
302N eurposycholAongayilsciaoslft hPer decitaive
StrucotfUu trtee reasn c
A.R .L urainadL . TSz.vk eotva
391 Sydnrmoeso fM nemonDiiscro deArcsc mopanying
DiencehpalTiucm ors
A.R .L uriNa.K, . K iyashkco,hL e.n MIo.s vkciohuyt,e
T.0 .F alleran,Nd .A .F illippycheva
330E ye-MovemeMnetc nhsiamsi nN ormaanld
PatholoVgiisocina l
A.R .L uriEa.N, . P rvadina-Vinaanrds kaya,
A.L .I arbus
INTRODUCTION
Thea ritlceisn tvhouilmse a raes amlpeo ft hieed asc no­
sturctaenddf acctolslc eetdb yA lenxdaeRro manovLiurciha
( )
1902-1797durimnogr teh ahnaf l cane utryo fp sychoogcliarle­
sercah.I b eacmea cquaintweitdhp atrso ft hweo rdkur intgh e
lat1e950 s.I s tudwiitehdL u riian 1 96-263a nda tv ariootuehsr
perioidnst hlea s1t5y ea.rD sesptihitsel o gna sscioatitohne,
scpoeo fh sic nortibtuiotnoos u ru ndetrasnndgoi f hunmaatnu re
habs eedni cffutilf omre gtroa .s "pHlafc enat uriys"a ne asy
enuoghc nocepttou ndersftomaranllyd ,b utth lei visnugb stance
oft hpeh rawshee anp pltioea s dc ientiwsotri'kssr areilfy ,
evre,a ccesbselit oo htesr.T hee xpiotsitohnaf to lsli oswc e­r
taniyl icnmopleatnepd r obyai bnlcacuraittie st; h bee stth atth e
fatcsa th anwdil pl emrit.
AlenxdareR omanovbiecghha snip rofeisosnearlaa t a t umul­
tuomuosm etni nh umahnsi otry.T heB olshReevviuoktl ihoand
inrtreutpehdsi h gih-scchaoreoelr,i nt hpero viinacRlus sain
cmomecrailc entreo fK aza.n Changeisne ducnaatrlie ogula­
toinsa ncd urricluelhfamit freteoa cecelarthesi p assage
trhougthha ec rcetdiinpgro cesasn,wd itihnt hryeeeas hr eh ad
cmopletetdh feo ramlr eqeuimerntfso arc ollegdee gere.
(
Witlhi tgtulied afnrcoeam f acltuiynd iasrraoyw intgot he
)
abrucphta nignte h ietn leelcutala npdo itlciaclil mat,L euria
wasa lloewdt of aisohhnsi o wne ducatTihoepn ro.d utmc ayn ot
haveb eeind lelasyy stteimbcau,it tr erpesenatf eadis ncating
amaglamo ft hlee adiidnegia nts h seco ailsc ienceosft htemi e.s
Lurwiaas i tneersteidn U tpoiasnco ialiansdm,p artaircluyl,
vii
viii MichaCeolle
thper boleomfc han:gW ehawta st hseou rcoefi deaabosu sto ­
ciye?tH owc aonn ues es ucihd etaobs r ianbgo sucto ilac han?g e
Hiss ocitahli nk(iannhgde nctheme e dmi fuohri ssoc ilaa ctii­v
tise)w a,sf rotmh beeg innifnogc,u osnet dhi en diviHdouwa l.
can itdnhiiev daulb el nikedt ol aerrgs ociaulnt is?
In hissea rcfho arn a nswteotr h siq uestoin,L uriwaa sd rawn
tor edat hneeo -Knatisaocni -aslcnicepeh ilpohrsesoo ft hlea te
19tche nt-uDriyl they, anRdWi icnhdeerltb,a nwdhto,mt hef or
reloantsihbiept wepesny clhgooya nhdsi troyw asa p viotiasles .u
AltouhgWhu ndhta ds teu pa p syclhgooyl baoratoirn1y 8 8t0h,re e
wasn othaipnpgar cohianc go nsseunasb ouwth at okfsi nicde nce
psyclhgooyc ouldi,np ricnilper,pe rsenetE. venW undwth,o
maintatihnatethde e x perimmeetnhtdoaw la sa na pproptroioalt e
ofp syclhgoyod,i ndot b eileevt halta boramteohtroydw se raep ­
proprtioaa ltales pcetosft hseic encRea.t rh,ee xperimental
metdhsoc oulbde u setdos tuodnlyy e lemenptsayrcyh ological
proscseefsok;ll oarneed t nhographhaytd o b er eldiu epotno
spupliyn rfmoaotni oaubhti ghpesry clhgooilcf anuctniso.
Diltahnehdyi cso lleawgeurneeots w illitnocg o ncetdhieis n ­
terpreno tfae ttihireop arotfW undte'nst resirepO.n eo ft hier
centqrueaslitn osw asw hat kindw eorpfeo s lsiabwlfser otmh e
stduyo f hupmsaync holporogciecsasleS hso.ul odn ser tievf or
gene(rn"aolm toehtilca"w)ts h adtec sri"bMea "nb uatr uen able
toa cocunfto trh e csiipfcbe ehaviofoa rnsiy d niivdaul" mna"?
Thiwsa st hmeo deolft hnea tusrcianelc e(sN atusrsweinhasfc­
tena)ntd hmeo deald opbtyeW du ndt thfseot rdu yo fs nesroy
prcoeesss.O rs houdlp syclhgoyoa tteomnpyltt od ecsritbhee
intriccmoaptleer xe aliitnyd iuovafsil ,pd rovi"diiodngigr acp"h i
acocunitnst hter daiotnio ft hheu masnicee nc(eeGssi tweiss­
sneschaftseucnha) sh isrty?o
Lurias'i netreisntt eh smea tterwsa sn otn arowrlay cdaemic.
Caughutpi nt hreo manetnitch usoifta hsremev oulitno,h es ought
as icenitcbi afssf ioirn lufenchiunmga anff aris.Pe rhafposr
thirse ans,ho ew asn osta itsifewdi tthh ceh iocbeet weeann i di­
ogracp,dh eisctrieivp psyhcoloagnyad n omoetithcg,e nrelaiizng
psyhcologTyh.eg eneral"iscziiening"ct,p i sfyclhgooyo fW undt,
Brentaannodoht ,e lra boraptscoyhroygl siotsse emteodro e mtoe
Intrcotdniu o ix
froamn ry ealli-pfre oecstsh aotn eco uolbds reveo utsdiet he
laboratIt owraysb. l oeosdlsa,ri tficainadolf n, o u sweh atever
ind eanlgwi itthh per bolemfsa cihnugm anity.
Butt hneeo -Kantoifafnesnr oeu ds aballertn eatiTvhee.y
coul,dt ob es ure,p rovimducehm orei llumindaectsriinpgt ions
ofr ecoginzabplseyh cologpircoeacsls eBsut.t hemierht odl eft
thehma ncduffaessd c iesnt;tst ihey cnootlu alwdf uilnlfyl uence
thoeb ejctso fo bservantsi.oT hewye rhee lepsltso i nitoira te
guicdhaen g.e
Whatth sei attunis oeemteord e qiurwea sa nkeiwn odfp sy­
chloogtyh actou lddea lw ith rtinchhee sosfi ndivpisduyhaco­l
logiecxaple ribeunatcd em ioftg eneraliozfta htseior ottn hsa t
madet hnea tusricaeln cpeows erflu.F ors eevraly easpr sycho­
anyaslsis emeedt oL uriaap romisibnasgsio nw hicthof uond
thkei nodfp syhcolohgesy o ughtF.r edu'wsr itiwnegerst h e
sourcoefm aniytn eersntgih yptoehseasbo utth meo tivianotal
sourcseo fb ehiaovrb,uth ihsy postehasebo uvta risoyums bolic
proscseesse emoevde ralbsyta rcatn ddf ifictuosl tdtuy b yo b­
jectmievaens .J ungs'tsu diest hufeers e-inagsc saiotimoent hod,
hwoeevra,p peaarp erdmo isnigt oolt hactou lmda kteh meo tiva­
tinoadle etrminanotfsi ndivbiedhuvaailoa rc cseisbtloae n yaslis.
Bye alborattihnbega iscf erea-sscoiiaottnce hniqLuuer,ih ao ped
toc reaatnee x perimsecenintcaoelfi ndivmideunatllai l,f ea
sicentcheaw tol udb eb othi diograpnhoimco etatchni.d
Theseea lrys pceulataiboontusht fe u tudrier enco tfpi soyhcol­
ogwye ren eevrp ubslhie,ad lthoLuurgihpa r epaarm eadn surcipt
on tshbuejc etw,h ehne w as1 9y earols,d t hahtek eptth roughout
hicsa reer.T hedyi dh,o we,vg eurihdiees ar lcyl niciaaln de x­
perimewnotrakHl.e s petnitm aetK az'asnps ychihaotsrpiict al,
whree,u snigJ ung'fser ea-sscoiantm ieothohdei ,ne trviepwae­d
tite.sn Acecptianp gos tioini na l aboorradyt evotteodi ncreas­
intgh eef ficyo ifei nncduswtorkrieasrl,h ec arrieodu stt udies
oft heef cfteo ff ateio gnum entaactlvii yt.I tw asi nt hceo urse
oft hiwso rtkh ahted eevolpetdh fei tr,rsu mdeintrayt cehniques
focrmo binienxgp erimpernotcaeld wuirttehhs fe er e-associa­
tinot echuneih;qe u seadno lHdi pcph rocnpooest om easurte he
reactinot imoefw orrksea,td iffelreevneotlff s a tiwghuowe e,r e
x MichaCeoll e
asketdo a sosciattove a rious svtmeiulr.ib al
Thsiv erye aralcyt iwvoiutlbyde o fl titiltnere esitfi tw ere
nots oc elayra lndg eneyrr aellfletceidnL urai'lsa tweorrk; b ut
ast haer ctelisc ollcteehder ea tsttet,h beas cit ehcniqLueursai
deevolpewdh isltel ilas tduenwte rree atnieadn adp pltiheordu gh
altlh mea npyh asso efh icsar ee.r
192w3a sa t urnngpi onitf oSro vipseycth oolgya,t urnpionign t
thaatf fecLtureaida mlosti mmeidatelUyn.tt ihlay te aarc,a ­
demcip sycohlogry emnaeirde laetluiynav ffecbtyte hdOe c tober
Revoulti.o Tnhel eandgRi usisapnsy choogliwsatsG . CIh.e lpa­
novw,h oh abde net hderi etcoorf t hIesn ttiutoefP sychoogliyn
Moscows nicei tfso undiin1n 9g1 1C.h elpawnaosav p sychoo­l
gisitnt hter aitdioofWn u ndatn Td tihcenear" ,br assi ns-tru
.m entp"sy cohlogfioswrth omi ntroisopunen cdrte higcho­lny
trolcloendd itpiroovnisdt ehdee ss entdiaatolafp sychology.
Hisi nstipturustuepe rdte ytm ucohf t hsea miess uesb,y the
samtee chuneisaq,st hopsuer suienm dan yl aborationr ies
Geramnanyd t hUen itSetdas t.e
By1 92t3h iasp poracthop sychooglwya su ndeart tafcoakr
numboefrr eaonssm,a noyf w hicwhe rsei mlaitrot hreea sons
useidna rgumeangtnassi stmi ilaarp proatcoph seyscoh olgiyn
thUen itSetdas t.Ie nrtospetocinisptsy chooglwya sc riticized
for mietthsdo ologsihcoarlt icnsog;md iffelraebnotr atories
counlodat g reoneb aisce elmentpsrd oucebdyt raiintnerd­o
spercst.o Argumeanbtostu htee x sietneco rn onexistoefn ce
imageesltsh gohuatn d et"rdemniintge ndeesnh"cai pd rdouced
suffictiheenotir ceactlh aotsom akmea npysy cohlgositrse ecp­
tivteoW astno'csa lflo arp sychoogloyf b ehvaiotrh aetsh cewed
thceon ceopftc onscieoxupse reia elntecoteghr. Therwea sa los
widespdrsieasaitds fancw tiittohh veer yn arwr lomiitso fi tnr­o
spetcivpesy chooglyi;tc ounlodit n ucdelt hset duyo fs mall chil­
dreonfm, e ntpaaltn iste,o ro fp eopleen gagienpd r oudctiavc­e
tviitTyo.t hecsomep laiSnovtisec tr itaidcdset dhce h artghea t
inrtospcetipvsyec hlogoyw asn etihemrat earlitin soMra rxist.
Theis seuo ft hpero perf ramekwf oorSro vipesytc hooglye,s ­
pecilaylf oirt tsi tulledaearr C,he lpancoavm,te o a h eaadtt he
FritsP sychnoeurlogoicCaonl gress,h elidnL enngirad1 92i3.n