The Second Digital Turn: Design Beyond Intelligence PDF
Preview The Second Digital Turn: Design Beyond Intelligence
THE SECOND DIGITAL TURN Writing Architecture series A project of the Anyone Corporation; Cynthia Davidson, editor Earth Moves: The Furnishing of Territories Bernard Cache, 1995 Architecture as Metaphor: Language, Number, Money Kojin Karatani, 1995 Differences: Topographies of Contemporary Architecture Ignasi de Solà-Morales, 1996 Constructions John Rajchman, 1997 Such Places as Memory: Poems 1953–1996 John Hejduk, 1998 Welcome to The Hotel Architecture Roger Connah, 1998 Fire and Memory: On Architecture and Energy Luis Fernández-Galiano, 2000 A Landscape of Events Paul Virilio, 2000 Architecture from the Outside: Essays on Virtual and Real Space Elizabeth Grosz, 2001 Public Intimacy: Architecture and the Visual Arts Giuliana Bruno, 2007 Strange Details Michael Cadwell, 2007 Histories of the Immediate Present: Inventing Architectural Modernism Anthony Vidler, 2008 Drawing for Architecture Léon Krier, 2009 Architecture’s Desire: Reading the Late Avant-Garde K. Michael Hays, 2009 The Possibility of an Absolute Architecture Pier Vittorio Aureli, 2011 The Alphabet and the Algorithm Mario Carpo, 2011 Oblique Drawing: A History of Anti-Perspective Massimo Scolari, 2012 A Topology of Everyday Constellations Georges Teyssot, 2013 Project of Crisis: Manfredo Tafuri and Contemporary Architecture Marco Biraghi, 2013 A Question of Qualities: Essays in Architecture Jeffrey Kipnis, 2013 Noah’s Ark: Essays on Architecture Hubert Damisch, 2016 The Second Digital Turn: Design Beyond Intelligence Mario Carpo, 2017 THE SECOND DIGITAL TURN DESIGN BEYOND INTELLIGENCE MARIO CARPO THE MIT PRESS CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS LONDON, ENGLAND © 2017 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. This book was set in Filosofia OT and Trade Gothic LT Std by Toppan Best- set Premedia Limited. Printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Carpo, Mario, author. Title: The second digital turn : design beyond intelligence / Mario Carpo. Description: Cambridge, MA : The MIT Press, 2017. | Series: Writing architecture | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016054313 | ISBN 9780262534024 (pbk. : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Architecture and technology. | Architecture--Information technology. | Architecture--Computer-aided design. Classification: LCC NA2543.T43 C37 2017 | DDC 720.72--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016054313 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 THE SECOND DIGITAL TURN 9 2.1 Data-Compression Technologies We Don’t Need Anymore 19 2.2 Don’t Sort: Search 23 2.3 The End of Modern Science 33 2.4 The New Science of Form-Searching 40 2.5 Spline Making, or the Conquest of Free Form 55 2.6 From Calculus to Computation: The Rise and Fall of the Curve 65 2.7 Excessive Resolution 70 2.8 The New Frontier of Alienation, and Beyond 79 3 THE END OF THE PROJECTED IMAGE 99 3.1 Verbal to Visual 102 3.2 Visual to Spatial 104 3.3 The Technical and Cognitive Primacy of Flatness in Early Modern Art and Science 111 3.4 The Underdogs: Early Alternatives to Perspectival Projections 115 3.5 The Digital Renaissance of the Third Dimension 120 4 THE PARTICIPATORY TURN THAT NEVER WAS 131 4.1 The New Digital Science of the Many 132 4.2 The Style of Many Hands 135 4.3 Building: Digital Agencies and Their Styles 140 5 ECONOMIES WITHOUT SCALE: TOWARD A NONSTANDARD SOCIETY 145 5.1 Mass Production, Economies of Scale, Standardization 147 5.2 The Rise and Fall of Standard Prices 149 5.3 The Digital Mass-Customization of Social Practices 153 6 POSTFACE: 2016 159 NOTES 165 INDEX 217
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