The Second Crusade: Extending The Frontiers Of Christendom

401 Pages·2010·3.555 MB·English

by  Jonathan Phillips

THE SECOND CRUSADE
Jonathan Phillips is Professor of Crusading History, Royal Holloway, University
of London. He has published extensively including The Crusades, 1095–1197
and The Fourth Crusade and the Sack of Constantinople, and is a frequent
contributor to BBC History Magazine and History Today.
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T
HE
S
ECOND
C
RUSADE
EXTENDING THE FRONTIERS OF CHRISTENDOM
JONATHAN PHILLIPS
YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS
NEW HAVEN AND LONDON
Copyright © 2007 Jonathan Phillips
First printed in paperback 2010
All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced in whole or in part, in any form
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Set in Minion and Meridien by J&L Composition, Filey, North Yorkshire
Printed in Great Britain by Hobbs the Printers Ltd, Totton, Hampshire
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Phillips, Jonathan.
The Second Crusade: extending the frontiers of Christendom/Jonathan Phillips.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978–0–300–11274–0 (alk. paper)
1. Crusades—Second, 1147–1149. I. Title.
D162.2.P55 2007
956 .014—dc22
2007005980
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 978–0–300–16475–6 (pbk)
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TO NIKI, TOM AND MARCUS
WITH ALL MY LOVE
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C
ONTENTS
Acknowledgements ix
Abbreviations xi
List ofMaps xv
List ofIllustrations xvi
Prologue: The Fall ofEdessa,December 1144 xvii
Introduction xxiii
Chapter 1 Ongoing Contact between the Latin East and the West
and the Development ofCrusading,1099–1145 1
Chapter 2 The Legacy ofthe First Crusade in Writing,Reputations
and Architecture 17
Chapter 3 Quantum praedecessores:The Crusade Appeal of
Pope Eugenius III – Context and Content 37
Chapter 4 The Launch ofthe Second Crusade:Bourges,Vézelay
and the Preaching Message ofBernard ofClairvaux 61
Chapter 5 Bernard’s Preaching Tour to Flanders and Germany:
the Attacks on the Jews and the Recruitment of
King Conrad III 80
Chapter 6 People,Practicalities and Motivation 99
Chapter 7 The Final Preparations ofLouis and Conrad:
Diplomacy,Regency and Ceremonial 115
Chapter 8 The Conquest ofLisbon 136
Chapter 9 Conrad’s March to Constantinople and into Asia Minor 168
Chapter 10 The March ofLouis VII to Constantinople and into
Asia Minor 185
Chapter 11 The Crusade at Antioch and the Siege ofDamascus 207
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viii CONTENTS
Chapter 12 The Wendish Crusade 228
Chapter 13 Crusading in Iberia:Almería,Jaen,Tortosa and Lérida 244
Chapter 14 The Aftermath ofthe Second Crusade in the Holy Land
and the West 269
Appendix 1 Translation ofQuantum praedecessores 280
Appendix 2 Translation ofChevalier,mult estes guariz 283
Notes 285
Bibliography 330
Index 349
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A
CKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The research and writing ofthis book have,with a few interruptions,been in
progress since 1994; it has, in the main, been a genuine pleasure to write. I
have been fortunate to receive the good advice and help of a great many
people on matters ofhistory,translation and publishing.I would like to thank
Marcus Bull,Alan Murray,John France,Jonathan Harris,David Bates,Rudolf
Hiestand, Nikolas Jaspert, Susan Edgington, Linda Paterson, Benjamin
Arnold, Peter Edbury, Matthew Bennett, Jason Roche, Colin Morris, Marco
Meschini, Kurt Villads Jensen, Carole Hillenbrand, Thérèse de Hemptinne,
Penny Cole, Natasha Hodgson, Mari Williams, Pedro Teixeira-Dias, Iben
Fonnesberg-Schmidt,Merav Mack,Tony Luttrell,Bernard Hamilton,Osman
Latiff, Emmett Sullivan, Maria Joa¯o V. Branco, Zsolt Hunyadi and Francis
Robinson.The enthusiastic encouragement ofJonathan Riley-Smith has been
particularly motivating.I am greatly indebted to William Purkis and Martin
Hoch for their views on drafts of chapters, and especially so to Malcolm
Barber,who read the manuscript for Yale and made many cogent and valuable
comments. I would also like to thank the Arts and Humanities Research
Council for their generous ‘matching leave’award in 2001–2,which gave me
the time to make several major advances on this project.Similarly,my thanks
to the staff and five successive heads of the History Department at Royal
Holloway for backing this work over the years. Seminars at the Institute of
Historical Research, the Wessex Medieval Centre, the Hebrew University of
Jerusalem,York University,CardiffUniversity,the Portuguese Studies Centre,
Oxford, and the Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East
Conference in Istanbul gave me valuable opportunities to try out my ideas.
I am extremely grateful to Robert Baldock of Yale University Press for his
good faith in commissioning this book and his patience in waiting for its
arrival.My thanks also to his cheerful and supportive staffincluding Candida
Brazil, Hannah Godfrey, Stephen Kent and Sarah Faulkner; the index was
compiled by Meg Davies. I appreciate the kindness of Jonathan and Louise