The Second Creation: Dolly and the Age of Biological Control PDF
Preview The Second Creation: Dolly and the Age of Biological Control
mm THE SECOND CREATION D LY L AND THE AGE OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL IAN WILMUT, KEITH CAMPBELL, and COLIN TUDGE U.S.A.$27.00 Canada$43.00 Human cloning has grabbed people's imagination, but — that is merely a diversion and one we personally regret andfind distasteful. We did not make Dollyfor that . . . Our work completes the biotechnological trio: genetic engineering, genomics, cloning. It also provides an extraordinarily powerful scientific modelforstudying — the interactions ofthe genes and theirsurroundings interactions that accountforso much ofdevelopment and disease. Taken together, the new biotechnologies and the pending scientific insights will be immensely powerful. Truly they will take humanity into the age of biological control. The cloning of Dolly in 1996 from the cell of an adult sheep was a pivotal moment in history. For the first c/» time, a team of scientists, led by Ian Wilmut and Keith Campbell at the Roslin Institute near Edinburgh, was able to clone a whole mammal using a single cultured adult body cell, a breakthrough that revolu- o tionized three technologies and brought science ever closer to the possibility of human cloning. In this definitive account, the scientists who accomplished this stunning feat explain their P3 hypotheses and experiments, their conclusions, and the implications of their work. Researchers have already incorporated into sheep the gene for human factor IX, a blood-clotting protein used to treat hemo- philia. In the future, cultures of mammary cells may prove to be valuable donor material, and genetically modified animal organs may be transplanted into humans. Normal pig organs, for example, are rapidly destroyed by the human immune system, but if altered genetically, they could alleviate the serious shortage of available organs. Genetically engineered sheep are also expected to be valuable as models for genetic defects that mimic human disorders such as cystic fibrosis, and for cell-based therapies for diseases- such as Parkinson's, diabetes, and muscular (continued on backflap) THE SECOND CREATION ALSO BY COLIN TUDGE TheFamineBusiness HomeFarm (with Michael Allaby) FutureFood TheFood Connection Food CropsfortheFuture LastAnimals attheZoo TheEngineerin the Garden TheDayBefore Yesterday Neanderthals, Bandits, andFarmers THE SECOND CREATION DOLLY AND THE AGE DF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL WILMUT IAN KEITH CAMPBELL CDLIN TUDGE FARRAR, STRAUS AND GIRDUX new YORK BR BR QH442.2 W545 2.000 Farrar, Straus and Giroux 19 Union SquareWest, NewYork 10003 Copyright © 2000 by Ian Wilmut. Keith Campbell, and ColinTudge Photographs © Roslin Institute All rights reserved Distributed in Canada by Douglas&Mclntyre Ltd. Printed in the United States ofAmerica Designedby Patrice Sheridan First published in 2000 by Headline BookPublishing, U.K. First published in the United States byFarrar, Straus and Giroux First edition, 2000 Appendix reprinted by permissionfrom Nature, Vol. 385, pp. 811-13. Copyright © 1997 Macmillan Magazine Ltd. Photographs supplied by Design andPrint Services, Roslin Institute LibraryofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wilmut, Ian. The second creation : Dol—ly and the age ofbiological control/by IanWilmut and Keith Campbell and Colin Tudge 1sted. p. cm. ISBN 0-374-14123-1 (alk. paper) — 1. Cloning. 2. Cloning Moral and ethical aspects 3- Dolly (Sheep). I. Campbell, Keith. II. Tudge. Colin. III. Title. QH442.2 W545 1999 . 174\957—dc21 99-050032 CONTENTS Preface: The Place and the People vii PART THE NEW AGE BEGINS I: 1 The Importance of Being Dolly 3 2 Tracy—the Most Valuable Milk in the World 22 PART THE SCIENCE DF II: C LD N N G I 3 So What Exactly Is a Clone? 45 — 4 Embryos and Clones Early Days 62 5 The Facts of Life Revisited 82 PART III: THE PATH TD D D L LY 6 Mammals Cloned 109 7 Cloning Comes to Roslin 139 CONTENTS Vi 8 Keith and the Cell Cycle 159 9 Megan and Morag 183 10 Dolly 208 — 11 The Denouement Polly 231 PART THE AGE DF IV: BIDLDGICAL CDNTRDL 12 The New Biotechnology 243 13 Cloning People 267 Epilogue: Moving On 299 Appendix: The Letter to NatureAnnouncing Dolly's Birth 307 Glossary 315 Index 325
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