The Scottish Glass Industry 1610-1750: "To Serve the Whole Nation with Glass"

340 Pages·2001·52.761 MB·English

by  Jill Turnbull

THE SCOTTISH GLASS INDUSTRY 1610-1750
Jill Turnbull

For Gael, SIeve, JOimey alld Carrie
C,.\ l'r illu~lrJII\'n lJl_I/<lII/ ,.1<,:. of I ...' illi. P:lul ~JndIH. 1--1-
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SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARII':S OF SCOTLAND
A10NOGRAPII SERIES
Thi, \'Illumc i~ publi~Il<:d ",ilh Ihe g ...· nefllu .. a~~istal1c"" 01
till' Rako\\' (;ranl li'r Ghl<;~ RC\l'afl.:h a\\:mkd by Thc Corning .\ lu ...... um ,)f (,1a",
T .... xl ' Jill Turnbull
Hrnl'h 1.lbran <:al;Jk'J!uillg-in-1'uhlicLlh,n 1)",,1
\ .... IUh~J;th: n:n'rd ti'r Ihi .. 1"",1.; I" ,11,ul'lr.k
fr.'111 TIll' I~nll'.h I.lbr,lrl
ISH;"; () <,IO\<}03 l~ II
CONTENTS
AckJ /(/~dt'dg('lIh'lll S ix
1.ISi o./illllSlmllOIlS Xl
LiS/ (~r labb X\'
I is! of abb,.evialivl/S (/1/(/ CllIIVC'1I/ iOIl!; )\\'11
Introduction
The manufacture of glass: some aspects of technique and
tcchoolo!.')' 7
The raw materials 7
TIll' prot:(:~~ II
The products 17
2 The commercial background in Scotland 26
j\'\casllres 10 encourage manufanorics 26
Size of the workforce and production len~ls 29
The effects or the 10\\" kn:l (,I" (kmand 31
\'>;lages and competition 31
CoSts and sources of capit:ll 34
Pall(TtlS of ill\"cstmcnt 37
Business praClico.:s )g
!Jc\'e]oprm:nts in Glasgo\\' 41
3 Patterns of consunlption: the ownership and distribution
of glass 43
I )rinking-glasscs 44
Containers: buttks, Hasks and \"ials 46
!\ \irrors 51
\'\"ind()\\s 52
A possible sideline: beads 56
4 The found.nion Ill' the Scouish glass industry - the Hay patent S8
Background \<) 11K Engli:.h gla~~ industry 58
b 'cnLS in Scotland 61
Sir George I b~' and his patent 63
"I'he cas,-' for gbss prodUClil)n in \""ester Rl'~~ 6-1-
" \;():-':·IE:"'I'~
Other areas of I-lay\ ('p<.:rati(\n~
I b (s <':llmpClil(!r~ and cullaborall'urs
Support and cOll1p<.:titioll from blglunJ
"j"ho.: creation of thl: (ilu~s COmrl1I~~I"lb
Pn,hkm\ of imp(lrt and export
Stt'alcgil'S and m:H.:hin<lliollS
Sllll1rnar~'
; Glassworks at j\lorison's Ha\'cn and \Vcstpans 93
Tho.: u\-ailahility (If raIl m:lIcri:lh 90
Thl' ~ill' of Jan1l'~ Ord'" g1a~"\\·(lrb.:' 95
Sir R"bert ,\\:lIN.:II\ nppo\ition In lh\., 2,,·1 Earl'" :lCti,"ities 95
SIl" Philihert Vl'rnatti\ gkiss\\"(lrks ')6
Sir .1:11l1l's 110l-w llf Cr:lighall and a gla\~\\'{lrk" at '"!h.: PUl1l1(,s' 103
(:"l"llo.::iiu<; \';\;lI.:lIa', plan>, f"l" a gb" llOu'>e lOS
J(l\1n .I"'\I\:\ g:hl,,\\ork~ m \'\\·,tp:m\ IIU
Thl' \'isitella" al \,\\:qp:ms 110
6 Leith: the first 25 years of glassmaking
An unknown gla"'\\(lrk-. <II \:":\1 haH:ll 11-1
'l'h..: (:itaJd ,,1'1, I:ilh gla~ShOU~l' 116
[{uhlTt Papl' llf LllrlidlOpe: !"unckr "I' Ihl.: CHadd gla~~\\(lrb 119
Pn,bkms of IIp..:raling Ih..: \\()rk~ 123
Sal...' and uhimal": failure oftl1l' Cit add glasslI',nk-. 125
Thl' mOI"t: to ::';llnh I,..::ith 126
Chang..:~ f() Ih..: managl·m..:111 1.12
'['hl' gla~~ pnldm'l'd ~11 ;":llnh [,l'ith 130
[:nd of thl' partnl'r~hip and of 11K gl:l~~h\IU~l' 116
.\ n":II' h..:ginnmg ~Ind a n":l\ l~ Pl' pI" /!la~~ UR
Stra(..:gil'~ fnr ~lIn II al 1-12
Thl' Illunkr of Sir Jam..::s S(;Jl1lh!idd 1-13
7 :\lanufaelure at Leith after 1688 1'0
.\ I1l'lI l'anlh'l"~hll' 100
.\k"lIkkr Ain~li..: ,ill.! [H~ p:lnnl'r~ 1- I ()
Thl' 1'1"IIgrl'~~ "I" thl' ).!:1a~"'\\','rk~ 1-18
OIl n.:r~hil' of the g1a~~hou~1.: ~itl.: 1 "1
l'r'Ihkm~ Ilf 0P":I";lIll>l1 15 -1
["':r~\'nl1d and 1']"(,dth.:ti" l1 160
hlnhn I.:h;lIlgl·~ ;l11d ;1111.:\1 gb"I\"rk, 1( »)
·l'b..: S,luth [.l'ith ~llI.: 1( )9
~llrnrnary of gla", prlldul.-'linl1 ,It 1.l.:irh n
8 The eelllHJnlY and the Union 175
E.,pan,jol1 ~llld IT'-Iricliolls "I' \r.ld.: ;Ill.! iI1Ju"rr~ Ill) Ihl.:
l'l"I' Ilf Ih.: L'l1hll1
'"
The irn1l1.:di,Hl' dlel'b III' l'ni"l1 1-9
The pcrilld of tran,itiun 181
The irnpor!alll.:e of honk prnductiun 18.
9 Morison's Haven: the later ghtssworks, 1698-1710s 187
Ratificatiull of Ihe glass m;lIlllfaclOry of 1698 187
,\ lirror-rnakers and Edinburgh custom(:n. for plate-glass 189
\'\'il1ialll ,\\orison of Preston~range 192
The progrl'Ss llf the ghissh('lIse 195
AI1cgati"lls of failurl' at till' 1\ I"rison 's Ila\"ell \\'(Irks 191)
A pl'rilld III' mixed f,.rtuncs 200
Additi<.nal complil"at;ons: ,\\,)ris,)n ellco'urages another glassIH)lI~c
tit \),.lphinstone 21 1
The continuing operation of til(' Morison's Ha\"Cll \\"(",rks 213
FinUlll"C and il1\"e~tll1l'nts 221
The l"nJ "fthe \\",'rk, and tIll" cnd of " 'illiam ,\\ori~un 224
2r
1":pilll~Ul"
10 Glassmaking at Wemyss and Kirkcaldy in the 18th century 228
E\"idcnce for the 169H manuti.lclory al Wemyss 22R
E\"idcl1l.:": for glass\\"orking at Kirkcaldy 233
II The Port Seton glassworks 238
The: im"olvcrnelll of Ihe '''ork Buildings Company 238
The \,\'inlUn (:Mate 239
\\Ia:o. gl;l,s made al Pur! S~:hl1l hcfore 172S~ 2"U
Establil-olum:nt and tinaneing of thc Port Seton glass,,"urks 2-'7
Output ;md operation nfthe \\'orks -2,,5 - 4-
A catalogue of difficulties
Possihk d,'~ure of th..: glas~IHlrk~ 261
End Ill' the j!hlss\\ urb and '~11e Ilf the \,"inlun e~tate 26-'
12 The Glasgow bottleworks 266
Argllllle11lS fOr" and against a I\"es\-coast glassworks 266
Cons\r"lletillll tlnct operalion pf \he glass\\"orks 268
Sale Ilf th~ glassworks 273
t\ cuntemporar"Y aeel'unt PI" the (ibsgo\\" glasshouse 275
A rre~h l-otart. l"l",'rganis<ltion "I' Ihe co-partnership 275
1\tl\JlheT co-partm'rship 27H
13 In conclusion - :'1 review of past and present issues 281
TIll' illlp,""taIKl' ,If fud, e'pe..:ial1y coal lSI
Pn.dIK"li,'ll and Ihe \H'rkfl'rel' 282
The gla" indll'trie' in England and SCl.tiand 1R"l
01\ n..:r,hip of Ih~' gb,~ pall.'111 1S3
Thl' pnlt.lIKI~ 285
VII,
Financial management anJ ~un·i\·al 287
Boule exr()rt~ ahn 1-... 5 2Xg
The fUlLlr~' of th(' sites 291
Glossal'i.'s
(il.lssury of g:la~s terms 295
Glossary of S..:ouish \\'\'rd~ and kgal terms 29-
Refer"I1('!'.' 3()U
Ilides 109