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The SAGE Handbook of Research Methods in Political Science and International Relations PDF

1332 Pages·2020·22.48 MB·english
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The SAGE Handbook of Research Methods in Political Science and International Relations SAGE was founded in 1965 by Sara Miller McCune to support the dissemination of usable knowledge by publishing innovative and high-quality research and teaching content. Today, we publish over 900 journals, including those of more than 400 learned societies, more than 800 new books per year, and a growing range of library products including archives, data, case studies, reports, and video. SAGE remains majority-owned by our founder, and after Sara’s lifetime will become owned by a charitable trust that secures our continued independence. Los Angeles | London | New Delhi | Singapore | Washington DC | Melbourne The SAGE Handbook of Research Methods in Political Science and International Relations Volume 1 Edited by Luigi Curini and Robert Franzese SAGE Publications Ltd Editorial arrangement, Foreword & Introduction © Luigi Curini and 1 Oliver’s Yard Robert Franzese, 2020 55 City Road Preface © Gary King, 2020 London EC1Y 1SP Chapter 1 © William Roberts Clark, Chapter 33 © Vera Troeger, 2020 SAGE Publications Inc. 2020 Chapter 34 © Mark Pickup, 2020 Chapter 2 © Adam McCauley and Chapter 35 © Kentaro Fukumoto, 2455 Teller Road Andrea Ruggeri, 2020 2020 Thousand Oaks, California 91320 Chapter 3 © Branislav L. Slantchev Chapter 36 © Marco Steenbergen, 2020 2020 SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd Chapter 4 © Ravi Bhavnani, Karsten Chapter 37 © Tobias Böhmelt and B 1/I 1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area Donnay and Mirko Reul, 2020 Gabriele Spilker, 2020 Mathura Road Chapter 5 © Mitchell Goist and Burt Chapter 38 © Eric Neumayer and New Delhi 110 044 L. Monroe, 2020 Thomas Plümper, 2020 Chapter 6 © Ezequiel González- Chapter 39 © Scott J. Cook, Jude C. Ocantos, 2020 Hays and Robert Franzese, 2020 SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte Ltd Chapter 7 © Thomas Bräuninger and Chapter 40 © Christopher L. Carter 3 Church Street Tilko Swalve, 2020 and Thad Dunning, 2020 #10-04 Samsung Hub Chapter 8 © John Aldrich and Jim Chapter 41 © Jake Bowers and Singapore 049483 Granato, 2020 Thomas Leavitt, 2020 Chapter 9 © Rose McDermott, 2020 Chapter 42 © Richard A. Nielsen, Chapter 10 © Maxfield J. Peterson 2020 and B. Guy Peters, 2020 Chapter 43 © Luke Keele, 2020 Editor: Natalie Aguilera Chapter 11 © Adam Meirowitz and Chapter 44 © Matias D. Cattaneo, Editorial Assistant: Umeeka Raichura Kris Ramsay, 2020 Rocío Titiunik and Gonzalo Vazquez- Production Editor: Jessica Masih Chapter 12 © James Adams, Samuel Bare, 2020 Copyeditor: Sunrise Setting Merrill III and Roi Zur, 2020 Chapter 45 © Jennifer N. Victor and Proofreader: Sunrise Setting Chapter 13 © Charles Cameron and Elsa T. Khwaja, 2020 Nathan Gibson, 2020 Chapter 46 © John P. Schoeneman Indexer: Marketing Manager: Susheel Chapter 14 © Lanny W. Martin and and Bruce A. Desmarais, 2020 Gokarakonda Georg Vanberg, 2020 Chapter 47 © Jong Hee Park and Cover Design: Naomi Robinson Chapter 15 © James D. Morrow and Sooahn Shin, 2020 Typeset by Cenveo Publisher Services Jessica S. Sun, 2020 Chapter 48 © Shawn Treier, 2020 Printed in the UK Chapter 16 © Deborah Beim, 2020 Chapter 49 © Florian M. Hollenbach Chapter 17 © Scott de Marchi and and Jacob M. Montgomery, 2020 Brandon M. Stewart, 2020 Chapter 50 © Jeff Gill and Simon At SAGE we take sustainability seriously. Chapter 18 © Scott J. LaCombe and Heuberger, 2020 Most of our products are printed in the UK Frederick J. Boehmke, 2020 Chapter 51 © Rebecca Morton and using responsibly sourced papers and Chapter 19 © Gerardo L. Munck, Mateo Vásquez-Cortés, 2020 Jørgen Møller and Svend-Erik Chapter 52 © Betsy Sinclair, 2020 boards. When we print overseas we ensure Skaaning, 2020 Chapter 53 © Anna M. Wilke and sustainable papers are used as measured by Chapter 20 © Christopher J. Fariss, Macartan Humphreys, 2020 the PREPS grading system. We undertake an Michael R. Kenwick and Kevin Chapter 54 © Gustavo Diaz, annual audit to monitor our sustainability. Reuning, 2020 Christopher Grady and James H. Chapter 21 © Lucas Leemann and Kuklinski, 2020 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of Fabio Wasserfallen, 2020 Chapter 55 © Kakia Chatsiou and research or private study, or criticism or review, as Chapter 22 © Dominic Nyhuis, 2020 Slava Jankin Mikhaylov, 2020 permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Chapter 23 © Pablo Barberá and Chapter 56 © Santiago Olivella and Act, 1988, this publication may be reproduced, stored Zachary C. Steinert-Threlkeld, 2020 Kelsey Shoub, 2020 or transmitted in any form, or by any means, only with Chapter 24 © David Darmofal and Chapter 57 © Adrian Dus¸a, 2020 the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in Christopher Eddy, 2020 Chapter 58 © Imke Harbers and the case of reprographic reproduction, in accordance Chapter 25 © Richard Traunmüller, Matthew C. Ingram, 2020 with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright 2020 Chapter 59 © Chiara Ruffa, 2020 Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction Chapter 26 © Ken Benoit, 2020 Chapter 60 © Klaus Brummer, 2020 outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. Chapter 27 © Benjamin C.K. Egerod Chapter 61 © Claire Greenstein and and Robert Klemmensen, 2020 Layna Mosley, 2020 Chapter 28 © Sarah B. Bouchat, 2020 Chapter 62 © Virginie Van Ingelgom, Library of Congress Control Number: Chapter 29 © Luigi Curini and Robert 2020 2020931911 A. Fahey, 2020 Chapter 63 © Xymena Kurowska Chapter 30 © Ernesto Calvo, Joan C. and Berit Bliesemann de Guevara, British Library Cataloguing in Publication Timoneda and Tiago Ventura, 2020 2020 data Chapter 31 © Robert Franzese, 2020 Editors’ Afterword © Luigi Curini and A catalogue record for this book is available Chapter 32 © Suzanna Linn and Rob Franzese, 2020 Clayton Webb, 2020 from the British Library 978-1-5264-5993-0 Contents List of Figures xi List of Tables xvii Notes on the Editors and Contributors xx An Introduction xxxix Foreword xliii VOLUME 1 Preface: So You’re A Grad Student Now? Maybe You Should Do This 1 Gary King PART I FORMULATING GOOD RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND DESIGNING GOOD RESEARCH PROJECTS 5 1. Asking Interesting Questions William Roberts Clark 7 2. From Questions and Puzzles to Research Project 26 Adam McCauley and Andrea Ruggeri 3. The Simple, the Trivial and the Insightful: Field Dispatches from a Formal Theorist 44 Branislav L. Slantchev 4. Evidence-Driven Computational Modeling 60 Ravi Bhavnani, Karsten Donnay and Mirko Reul 5. Taking Data Seriously in the Design of Data Science Projects 79 Mitchell Goist and Burt L. Monroe 6. Designing Qualitative Research Projects: Notes on Theory Building, Case Selection and Field Research 104 Ezequiel González-Ocantos 7. Theory Building for Causal Inference: EITM Research Projects 121 Thomas Bräuninger and Tilko Swalve 8. EITM: Applications in Political Science and International Relations 142 John Aldrich and Jim Granato vi THE SAGE HANDBOOK OF RESEARCH METHODS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE AND IR PART II METHODS OF THEORETICAL ARGUMENTATION 159 9. Political Psychology, Social Psychology and Behavioral Economics 161 Rose McDermott 10. Institutional Theory and Method 173 Maxfield J. Peterson and B. Guy Peters 11. Applied Game Theory: An Overview and First Thoughts on the Use of Game Theoretic Tools 192 Adam Meirowitz and Kristopher W. Ramsay 12. The Spatial Voting Model 205 James Adams, Samuel Merrill III and Roi Zur 13. New Directions in Veto Bargaining: Message Legislation, Virtue Signaling, and Electoral Accountability 224 Charles Cameron and Nathan Gibson 14. Models of Coalition Politics: Recent Developments and New Directions 244 Lanny W. Martin and Georg Vanberg 15. Models of Interstate Conflict 261 James D. Morrow and Jessica S. Sun 16. Models of the Judiciary 277 Deborah Beim 17. Wrestling with Complexity in Computational Social Science: Theory, Estimation and Representation 289 Scott de Marchi and Brandon M. Stewart 18. Learning and Diffusion Models 311 Scott J. LaCombe and Frederick J. Boehmke PART III CONCEPTUALIZATION AND MEASUREMENT 329 19. Conceptualization and Measurement: Basic Distinctions and Guidelines 331 Gerardo L. Munck, Jørgen Møller and Svend-Erik Skaaning 20. Measurement Models 353 Christopher J. Fariss, Michael R. Kenwick and Kevin Reuning 21. Measuring Attitudes – Multilevel Modeling with Post-Stratification (MrP) 371 Lucas Leemann and Fabio Wasserfallen Contents vii PART IV LARGE-SCALE DATA COLLECTION AND REPRESENTATION METHODS 385 22. Web Data Collection: Potentials and Challenges 387 Dominic Nyhuis 23. How to Use Social Media Data for Political Science Research 404 Pablo Barberá and Zachary C. Steinert-Threlkeld 24. Spatial Data 424 David Darmofal and Christopher Eddy 25. Visualizing Data in Political Science 436 Richard Traunmüller 26. Text as Data: An Overview 461 Ken Benoit 27. Scaling Political Positions from Text: Assumptions, Methods and Pitfalls 498 Benjamin C.K. Egerod and Robert Klemmensen 28. Classification and Clustering 522 Sarah B. Bouchat 29. Sentiment Analysis and Social Media 534 Luigi Curini and Robert A. Fahey 30. Big Relational Data: Network-Analytic Measurement 552 Ernesto Calvo, Joan C. Timoneda and Tiago Ventura VOLUME 2 PART V QUANTITATIVE-EMPIRICAL METHODS 575 31. Econometric Modeling: From Measurement, Prediction, and Causal Inference to Causal-Response Estimation 577 Robert Franzese 32. A Principled Approach to Time Series Analysis 599 Suzanna Linn and Clayton Webb 33. Time-Series-Cross-Section Analysis 616 Vera Troeger 34. Dynamic Systems of Equations 632 Mark Pickup viii THE SAGE HANDBOOK OF RESEARCH METHODS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE AND IR 35. Duration Analysis 659 Kentaro Fukumoto 36. Multilevel Analysis 679 Marco Steenbergen 37. Selection Bias in Political Science and International Relations Applications 701 Tobias Böhmelt and Gabriele Spilker 38. Dyadic Data Analysis 717 Eric Neumayer and Thomas Plümper 39. Model Specification and Spatial Interdependence 730 Scott J. Cook, Jude C. Hays, and Robert Franzese 40. Instrumental Variables: From Structural Equation Models to Design-Based Causal Inference 748 Christopher L. Carter and Thad Dunning 41. Causality and Design-Based Inference 769 Jake Bowers and Thomas Leavitt 42. Statistical Matching with Time-Series Cross-Sectional Data: Magic, Malfeasance, or Something in between? 805 Richard A. Nielsen 43. Differences-in-Differences: Neither Natural nor an Experiment 822 Luke Keele 44. The Regression Discontinuity Design 835 Matias D. Cattaneo, Rocío Titiunik, and Gonzalo Vazquez-Bare 45. Network Analysis: Theory and Testing 858 Jennifer N. Victor and Elsa T. Khwaja 46. Network Modeling: Estimation, Inference, Comparison, and Selection 876 John P. Schoeneman and Bruce A. Desmarais 47. Bayesian Methods in Political Science 895 Jong Hee Park and Sooahn Shin 48. Bayesian Ideal Point Estimation 910 Shawn Treier 49. Bayesian Model Selection, Model Comparison, and Model Averaging 937 Florian M. Hollenbach and Jacob M. Montgomery 50. Bayesian Modeling and Inference: A Postmodern Perspective 961 Jeff Gill and Simon Heuberger Contents ix 51. Laboratory Experimental Methods 985 Rebecca Morton and Mateo Vásquez-Cortés 52. Field Experiments on the Frontier: Designing Better 999 Betsy Sinclair 53. Field Experiments, Theory, and External Validity 1007 Anna M. Wilke and Macartan Humphreys 54. Survey Experiments and the Quest for Valid Interpretation 1036 Gustavo Diaz, Christopher Grady, and James H. Kuklinski 55. Deep Learning for Political Science 1053 Kakia Chatsiou and Slava Jankin Mikhaylov 56. Machine Learning in Political Science: Supervised Learning Models 1079 Santiago Olivella and Kelsey Shoub PART VI QUALITATIVE AND ‘MIXED’ METHODS 1095 57. Set Theoretic Methods 1097 Adrian Duşa 58. Mixed-Methods Designs 1117 Imke Harbers and Matthew C. Ingram 59. Case Study Methods: Case Selection and Case Analysis 1133 Chiara Ruffa 60. Comparative Analyses of Foreign Policy 1148 Klaus Brummer 61. When Talk Isn’t Cheap: Opportunities and Challenges in Interview Research 1167 Claire Greenstein and Layna Mosley 62. Focus Groups: From Qualitative Data Generation to Analysis 1190 Virginie Van Ingelgom 63. Interpretive Approaches in Political Science and International Relations 1211 Xymena Kurowska and Berit Bliesemann de Guevara Editors’ Afterword 1231 Luigi Curini and Robert Franzese Index 1232

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