EDITORIAL BOARD Robert A. Ackerman, PhD, University of Texas at Dallas Jonathan M. Adler, PhD, Olin College of Engineering Mathias Allemand, PhD, Universität Zürich Jack J. Bauer, PhD, University of Dayton Peter Borkenau, PhD, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Bradley J. Brummel, PhD, University of Tulsa Amy B. Brunell, PhD, The Ohio State University at Mansfield Susan T. Charles, PhD, University of California at Irvine A. Timothy Church, PhD, Washington State University C. Randall Colvin, PhD, Northeastern University Anthony D. Hermann, PhD, Bradley University Jan Hofer, PhD, Universität Osnabrück Christopher J. Holden, PhD, Appalachian State University Chris J. Jackson, PhD, University of New South Wales Sydney John A. Johnson, PhD, Pennsylvania State University Kevin Lanning, PhD, Florida Atlantic University Christopher T. Leone, PhD, University of North Florida Shanhong Luo, PhD, University of North Carolina Wilmington Charlotte N. Markey, PhD, Rutgers University Matthew J. W. McLarnon, PhD, Oakland University Kate C. McLean, PhD, Western Washington University Fred L. Oswald, PhD, Rice University Peter J. Rentfrow, PhD, University of Cambridge Willibald Ruch, PhD, Universität Zürich William G. Shadel, PhD, RAND Corporation Jefferson A. Singer, PhD, Connecticut College Ashton C. Southard, PhD, Oakland University Steven J. Stanton, PhD, Oakland University Howard Tennen, PhD, University of Connecticut Health Center Todd M. Thrash, PhD, College of William and Mary Viviana A. Weekes-Shackelford, PhD, Oakland University Dustin Wood, PhD, Wake Forest University SAGE Publications Ltd Chapter 1 © Jennifer Guinn Chapter 14 © Odilia M. Laceulle 1 Oliver’s Yard Sellers and Thanh Thanh L. and Marcel A. G. van Aken 2018 55 City Road Nguyen 2018 Chapter 15 © Marcus Mund, Julia London EC1Y 1SP Chapter 2 © Kostas A. Zimmermann and Franz J. Neyer Papageorgiou and Vijeinika 2018 SAGE Publications Inc. Vipulananthan 2018 Chapter 16 © Erik G. Helzer, 2455 Teller Road Chapter 3 © John T. Manning and Eranda Jayawickreme and R. Thousand Oaks, California 91320 Bernhard Fink 2018 Michael Furr 2018 Chapter 4 © James Marvel- Chapter 17 © Jüri Allik and Anu SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd Coen, Coltan Scrivner and Dario Realo 2018 B 1/I 1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area Maestripieri 2018 Chapter 18 © Iris M. Wang, Mathura Road Chapter 5 © Turhan Canli 2018 Nicholas M. Michalak and Joshua New Delhi 110 044 Chapter 6 © Theodore E. A. M. Ackerman 2018 Waters and Christin Köber 2018 Chapter 19 © Daniel J. Kruger SAGE Publications Asia-Pacifc Pte Ltd Chapter 7 © Marie-Hélène Cigna, 2018 3 Church Street Jean-Pierre Guay and Nathalie Chapter 20 © Takeshi #10-04 Samsung Hub M. G. Fontaine 2018 Hamamura, Karim Bettache and Singapore 049483 Chapter 8 © Eunike Wetzel, Yi Xu 2018 M. Brent Donnellan, Richard W. Chapter 21 © Siobhan Robins and Kali H. Trzesniewski Kennedy-Costantini and Mark 2018 Nielsen 2018 Chapter 9 © Ugo Pace and Chapter 22 © Brent A. Mattingly, Alessia Passanisi 2018 Kevin P. McIntyre and Dylan Chapter 10 © Julia Zimmermann Faulkner Selterman 2018 and Anne K. Reitz 2018 Chapter 23 © Jennifer L. Chapter 11 © Theo A. Klimstra, Petersen 2018 Jeroen Borghuis and Wiebke Chapter 24 © Eranda Editor: Becky Taylor Bleidorn 2018 Jayawickreme and Corinne E. Editorial Assistant: Umeeka Raichura Chapter 12 © P. Douglas Sellers Zachry 2018 Production Editor: Rudrani Mukherjee II, Karin Machluf and David F. Chapter 25 © Jocelyn J. Copyeditor: Sunrise Setting Bjorklund 2018 Bélanger, Birga M. Schumpe, Proofreader: Sunrise Setting Chapter 13 © Marc A. Fournier Bhavna Menon, Joanna Conde Indexer: Sunrise Setting and D. S. Moskowitz 2018 Ng and Noёmie Nociti 2018 Marketing Manager: Emma Turner Cover Design: Wendy Scott Typeset by: Cenveo Publisher Services Printed in the UK Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form, or by any means, only with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction, in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. At SAGE we take sustainability seriously. Most of our products are printed in the Library of Congress Control Number: 2017955554 UK using responsibly sourced papers and boards. When we print overseas we British Library Cataloguing in Publication data ensure sustainable papers are used as measured by the PREPS grading system. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library We undertake an annual audit to monitor our sustainability. ISBN 978-1-5264-4518-6 Contents List of Figures vi List of Tables ix Notes on the Editors and Contributors x PART I B IOLOGICAL ORIGINS OF PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 1 1 Hormonal Influences on Personality and Individual Differences 3 Jennifer Guinn Sellers and Thanh Thanh L. Nguyen 2 Molecular Genetic Studies of Human Temperament 20 Kostas A. Papageorgiou and Vijeinika Vipulananthan 3 Digit Ratio and Personality and Individual Differences 40 John T. Manning and Bernhard Fink 4 Morningness–Eveningness and Sociosexuality from a Life History Perspective 51 James Marvel-Coen, Coltan Scrivner and Dario Maestripieri 5 Toward the Molecular Basis of Personality 67 Turhan Canli PART II D EVELOPMENTAL ORIGINS OF PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 93 6 Individual Differences in Personal Narrative: Coherence, Autobiographical Reasoning and Meaning Making 95 Theodore E. A. Waters and Christin Köber 7 Developmental Profiles of Individuals with Psychopathic Traits: The Good, the Bad and the Snake 112 Marie-Hélène Cigna, Jean-Pierre Guay and Nathalie M. G. Fontaine 8 Generational Changes in Self-Esteem and Narcissism 132 Eunike Wetzel, M. Brent Donnellan, Richard W. Robins and Kali H. Trzesniewski 9 The Role of the Family in Personality Development 146 Ugo Pace and Alessia Passanisi iv THE SAGE HANDBOOK OF PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 10 The Role of Peers in Personality Development 164 Julia Zimmermann and Anne K. Reitz 11 Personality Development in Adolescence and Young Adulthood 181 Theo A. Klimstra, Jeroen Borghuis and Wiebke Bleidorn 12 The Development of Evolutionarily Adaptive Individual Differences: Children as Active Participants in Their Current and Future Survival 203 P. Douglas Sellers II, Karin Machluf and David F. Bjorklund 13 Cross-Situational Consistency, Variability and the Behavioral Signature 218 Marc A. Fournier and D. S. Moskowitz 14 Transactions of Personality and the Social Environment During Development 241 Odilia M. Laceulle and Marcel A. G. van Aken 15 Personality Development in Adulthood 260 Marcus Mund, Julia Zimmermann and Franz J. Neyer 16 Moral Character: Current Insights and Future Directions 278 Erik G. Helzer, Eranda Jayawickreme and R. Michael Furr PART III E NVIRONMENTAL ORIGINS OF PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 301 17 Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Personality and Individual Differences 303 Jüri Allik and Anu Realo 18 Threat of Infectious Disease 321 Iris M. Wang, Nicholas M. Michalak and Joshua M. Ackerman 19 Sex Ratio Influences on Personality and Individual Differences 346 Daniel J. Kruger 20 Individualism and Collectivism 365 Takeshi Hamamura, Karim Bettache and Yi Xu 21 Exploring Potential Causes of Individual Differences in the Expression of Neonatal Imitation 383 Siobhan Kennedy-Costantini and Mark Nielsen 22 Individual Differences and Romantic Relationships: Bidirectional Influences on Self and Relational Processes 402 Brent A. Mattingly, Kevin P. McIntyre and Dylan Faulkner Selterman 23 The Gender Similarities Hypothesis 431 Jennifer L. Petersen Contents vii 24 Positive Personality Change Following Adversity 450 Eranda Jayawickreme and Corinne E. Zachry 25 Self-Sacrifice for a Cause: A Review and an Integrative Model 465 Jocelyn J. Bélanger, Birga M. Schumpe, Bhavna Menon, Joanna Conde Ng and Noёmie Nociti Index 486 List of Figures 1.1 The hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal axis 5 1.2 The hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis 10 1.3 Testosterone metabolism 12 11.1 G raphical representation of the magnitude of individual differences in boys’ personality trait change in conscientiousness 186 12.1 B elsky et al. (1991) identifed pathways of developmental individual differences that lead to different reproductive strategies in humans 209 12.2 B oyce et al. (1998) reported differential susceptibility to injury of monkeys when confned to a new environment based upon their inhibitory abilities 210 14.1 G raphical representations of social selection, social infuence, and reciprocal effects 245 14.2 A ssociations between number of idiosyncratic stressful experiences and adolescent temperament change 246 14.3 E xample of a longitudinal mediation model of how person-characteristics can predict life outcomes via their effects on the social environment 251 15.1 Hypothetical development of six individuals and sample mean 262 15.2 Hypothetical development of six individuals and sample mean 264 17.1 Multidimensional scaling plot of 75 samples representing 62 countries/cultures 311 21.1 The four social and non-social gestures, as modeled by experimenter 388 22.1 Bidirectional association of individual differences and relational processes 403 22.2 Two-dimensional model of relationship-induced self-concept change 417 List of Tables 2.1 Brief description of frequently used terms in genetic research on temperament 22 2.2 C andidate genes that have been associated with temperament across development 24 7.1 T he Good, the Bad and the Snake: proposed characteristics distinguishing profles of individuals with psychopathic traits 121 8.1 I llustration of developmental changes and cohort differences in a cohort-sequential longitudinal design 133 8.2 Research on generational differences in narcissism and related constructs 138 21.1 Infant behavior as a function of gesture modeled 389 21.2 Mean and standard deviations of maternal responses to BF-SF items 391 21.3 Intercorrelations between matching frequency and individual items 391 21.4 Intercorrelations between matching frequency and reasons for modeling 392 21.5 Infant behavior as a function of gesture modeled 395 21.6 Intercorrelations between matching frequency and individual items 396