The SAGE Handbook of Diplomacy PDF
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The SAGE Handbook of Diplomacy EDITORIAL BOARD Michele Acuto, University College London Rebecca Adler-Nissen, University of Copenhagen Karin Aggestam, Lund University, Sweden Peter van Bergeijk, Erasmus University, Netherlands Corneliu Bjola, University of Oxford Caitlin Byrne, Bond University, Australia David Clinton, Baylor University, USA Noé Cornago, University of the Basque Country Erik Goldstein, Boston University, USA Paul Harris, The Hong Kong Institute of Education Gunther Hellmann, Goethe University Frankfurt Alan Henrikson, Tufts University, USA Dennis Jett, Pennsylvania State University, USA Christer Jonsson, Lund University, Sweden Richard Langhorne, University of Buckingham Jan Melissen, Clingendael, Netherlands Raquel Meneses, University of Porto Iver Neumann, The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) Donna Oglesby, The Public Diplomacy Council Geoffrey Pigman, Bennington College, USA Kishan S. Rana, DiploFoundation Joana Setzer, The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) Mikael Soendergaard, Aarhus University, Denmark Yolanda Kemp Spies, University of Pretoria, South Africa Yannis Stivachtis, Virginia Tech, USA See Seng Tan, Nanyang Technical University, Singapore Sam Okoth Opondo, Vassar College, USA I. William Zartman, Johns Hopkins University, USA Qingmin Zhang, Peking University, China The SAGE Handbook of Diplomacy Edited by Costas M. Constantinou, Pauline Kerr and Paul Sharp SAGE Publications Ltd Introduction & editorial arrangement © Costas M. Constantinou, 1 Oliver’s Yard Pauline Kerr and Paul Sharp 2016 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP Chapter 1 © Costas M. Chapter 26 © Alan K. Henrikson Constantinou and Paul Sharp 2016 2016 SAGE Publications Inc. Chapter 2 © Halvard Leira 2016 Chapter 27 © Tatiana Zonova 2016 2455 Teller Road Chapter 3 © Sam Okoth Opondo Chapter 28 © Zhimin Chen 2016 Thousand Oaks, California 91320 2016 Chapter 29 © Pauline Kerr 2016 Chapter 4 © Markus Kornprobst Chapter 30 © Sean W. Burges and SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd 2016 Fabrício H. Chagas Bastos 2016 B 1/I 1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area Chapter 5 © Brian Hocking 2016 Chapter 31 © Stephan Stetter 2016 Mathura Road Chapter 6 © Christer Jönsson 2016 Chapter 32 © Asteris Huliaras and New Delhi 110 044 Chapter 7 © Rebecca Adler-Nissen Konstantinos Magliveras 2016 2016 Chapter 33 © Stephen Chan 2016 SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte Ltd Chapter 8 © Fiona McConnell and Chapter 34 © Stephen Calleya 2016 3 Church Street Jason Dittmer 2016 Chapter 35 © Ellen Huijgh 2016 #10-04 Samsung Hub Chapter 9 © Iver B. Neumann 2016 Chapter 36 © William Maley 2016 Singapore 049483 Chapter 10 © Corneliu Bjola 2016 Chapter 37 © Edward Avenell and Chapter 11 © Noé Cornago 2016 David Hastings Dunn 2016 Chapter 12 © Kishan S. Rana 2016 Chapter 38 © Peter Viggo Jakobsen Chapter 13 © Ana Mar Fernández 2016 Pasarín 2016 Chapter 39 © David Armstrong 2016 Chapter 14 © Paul Sharp and Chapter 40 © Paul Meerts 2016 Geoffrey Wiseman 2016 Chapter 41 © Michele Acuto 2016 Chapter 15 © David Clinton 2016 Chapter 42 © Melissa Conley Tyler Chapter 16 © Linda S. Frey and and Craig Beyerinck 2016 Marsha L. Frey 2016 Chapter 43 © Mark Wheeler 2016 Editor: Amy Jarrold Chapter 17 © I. William Zartman Chapter 44 © Eytan Gilboa 2016 Editorial Assistant: Mathew Oldfield 2016 Chapter 45 © Maaike Okano- Production editor: Sushant Nailwal Chapter 18 © Karin Aggestam 2016 Heijmans 2016 Copyeditor: David Hemsley Chapter 19 © David Hastings Dunn Chapter 46 © Huub Ruël and Tim Proofreader: Sunrise Setting Ltd. and Richard Lock-Pullan 2016 Wolters 2016 Indexer: Caroline Eley Chapter 20 © Donna Marie Oglesby Chapter 47 © David Joseph Marketing manager: Sally Ransom 2016 Wellman 2016 Cover design: Wendy Scott Chapter 21 © Alan James 2016 Chapter 48 © See Seng Tan 2016 Typeset by Cenveo Publisher Services Chapter 22 © Cornelia Navari 2016 Chapter 49 © Saleem H. Ali and Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Chapter 23 © Yolanda Kemp Spies Helena Voinov Vladich 2016 Croydon, CR0 4YY 2016 Chapter 50 © Stuart Murray 2016 Chapter 24 © Baldur Thorhallsson Chapter 51 © Daryl Copeland 2016 and Alyson J.K. Bailes† 2016 Chapter 52 © J. Marshall Beier 2016 Chapter 25 © Michael Smith 2016 Chapter 53 © Hussein Banai 2016 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form, or by any means, only with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction, in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. At SAGE we take sustainability seriously. Most of our products are printed in the Library of Congress Control Number: 2015956386 UK using FSC papers and boards. When we print overseas we ensure sustainable British Library Cataloguing in Publication data papers are used as measured by the A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library PREPS grading system. We undertake an annual audit to monitor our sustainability. ISBN 978-1-4462-9856-5 Contents List of Abstracts ix List of Figures, Tables and Boxes xxvi Notes on the Editors and Contributors xxvii Introduction: Understanding diplomatic practice 1 Costas M. Constantinou, Pauline Kerr and Paul Sharp PART I DIPLOMATIC CONCEPTS AND THEORIES 11 1 Theoretical perspectives in diplomacy 13 Costas M. Constantinou and Paul Sharp 2 A conceptual history of diplomacy 28 Halvard Leira 3 Diplomacy and the colonial encounter 39 Sam Okoth Opondo 4 Statecraft, strategy and diplomacy 54 Markus Kornprobst 5 Diplomacy and foreign policy 67 Brian Hocking 6 Diplomacy, communication and signaling 79 Christer Jönsson 7 Diplomatic agency 92 Rebecca Adler-Nissen 8 Diplomatic culture 104 Fiona McConnell and Jason Dittmer 9 Diplomacy and the arts 114 Iver B. Neumann 10 Diplomatic ethics 123 Corneliu Bjola 11 Diplomatic knowledge 133 Noé Cornago vi THE SAGE HANDBOOK OF DIPLOMACY PART II DIPLOMATIC INSTITUTIONS 147 12 Embassies, permanent missions and special missions 149 Kishan S. Rana 13 Consulates and consular diplomacy 161 Ana Mar Fernández Pasarín 14 The diplomatic corps 171 Paul Sharp and Geoffrey Wiseman 15 Diplomacy and international law 185 David Clinton 16 Diplomatic immunity 197 Linda S. Frey and Marsha L. Frey 17 Diplomacy and negotiation 207 I. William Zartman 18 Diplomatic mediation 220 Karin Aggestam 19 Diplomatic summitry 231 David Hastings Dunn and Richard Lock-Pullan 20 Diplomatic language 242 Donna Marie Oglesby PART III DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS 255 21 Diplomatic relations between states 257 Alan James 22 Great power diplomacy 268 Cornelia Navari 23 Middle power diplomacy 281 Yolanda Kemp Spies 24 Small state diplomacy 294 Baldur Thorhallsson and Alyson J.K. Bailes† 25 European Union diplomacy 308 Michael Smith 26 American diplomacy 319 Alan K. Henrikson Contents vii 27 Russian post-Soviet diplomacy 336 Tatiana Zonova 28 China’s diplomacy 348 Zhimin Chen 29 Diplomacy in East Asia 361 Pauline Kerr 30 Latin American diplomacy 372 Sean W. Burges and Fabrício H. Chagas Bastos 31 Middle East diplomacy 385 Stephan Stetter 32 African diplomacy 398 Asteris Huliaras and Konstantinos Magliveras 33 Southern African diplomacy 414 Stephen Chan 34 Developing states diplomacy 423 Stephen Calleya PART IV TYPES OF DIPLOMATIC ENGAGEMENT 435 35 Public diplomacy 437 Ellen Huijgh 36 Quiet and secret diplomacy 451 William Maley 37 Crisis diplomacy 462 Edward Avenell and David Hastings Dunn 38 Coercive diplomacy 476 Peter Viggo Jakobsen 39 Revolutionary diplomacy 487 David Armstrong 40 Conference diplomacy 499 Paul Meerts 41 City diplomacy 510 Michele Acuto 42 Citizen diplomacy 521 Melissa Conley Tyler and Craig Beyerinck viii THE SAGE HANDBOOK OF DIPLOMACY 43 Celebrity diplomacy 530 Mark Wheeler 44 Digital diplomacy 540 Eytan Gilboa 45 Economic diplomacy 552 Maaike Okano-Heijmans 46 Business diplomacy 564 Huub Ruël and Tim Wolters 47 Religion and diplomacy 577 David Joseph Wellman 48 Military diplomacy 591 See Seng Tan 49 Environmental diplomacy 601 Saleem H. Ali and Helena Voinov Vladich 50 Sports diplomacy 617 Stuart Murray 51 Science diplomacy 628 Daryl Copeland 52 Indigenous diplomacy 642 J. Marshall Beier 53 Pariah diplomacy 654 Hussein Banai Index 666 List of Abstracts 1. THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES IN DIPLOMACY – COSTAS M. CONSTANTINOU AND PAUL SHARP This chapter maps the evolution of diplomatic theory, within and across the discipline of International Relations (IR). It looks at early (classical and modern) perspectives in diplomacy as developed by orators, scholars and reflective practitioners. It also examines the perceived neglect of diplomacy within mainstream IR theory, its contested purpose and means, whether it is an instrument or a medium, its epistemic links to the study of foreign policy and statecraft, and its role in the production, maintenance and transformation of international systems. It out- lines the contributions of critical theorizing with regard to exposing the knowledge contests and power implications of dominant understandings and practices of diplomacy, and its retrieving of alternative, non-elitist and non-state-centric cultures and practices. Finally, it looks at theo- retical perspectives in diplomacy as developed within other disciplines, such as anthropology, psychology, religious and cultural studies. 2. A CONCEPTUAL HISTORY OF DIPLOMACY – HALVARD LEIRA This chapter deals with the development of the concept of diplomacy. The focus is on how a specific understanding of diplomacy emerged and has developed over the last 250 years. Detailing first the etymological roots, the chapter deals primarily with how diplomacy emerged as a derogatory term during the revolutionary period, and how its meaning was immediately challenged by revolutionaries seeking to replace the old diplomacy with a new one. Calls for new diplomacy have been many in the ensuing centuries, but the way in which diplomacy itself has changed content is evident in that the calls are now for reform, rather than for revolution and/or abolishment. 3. DIPLOMACY AND THE COLONIAL ENCOUNTER – SAM OKOTH OPONDO This chapter raises questions about modern diplomacy’s entanglements with colonial encoun- ters and practices. Through a contrapuntal reading of the ethic of ‘the necessity for continuous negotiations’ among other conceptions and practices of diplomacy, the chapter raises questions about discourses on the ‘genres of man’, Eurocentrism, elitism and the statist geophilosophy that underlines the monological conception of diplomacy as statecraft or a set of skills, norms and rituals peculiar to professional diplomats. It also reveals the coloniality of modern diplo- macy and the transgressive and life-affirming diplomatic practices and imaginaries that emerge in the colonies and elsewhere.
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