The SAGE Encyclopedia of Leadership Studies Editorial Board Editors George R. Goethals University of Richmond Scott T. Allison University of Richmond Georgia J. Sorenson University of Cambridge Associate Editors James K. Beggan University of Louisville Kristin M. S. Bezio University of Richmond Ronald E. Riggio Claremont McKenna College Editorial Board Joanne Ciulla Julian Maxwell Hayter Rutgers University University of Richmond David L. Collinson Gill Robinson Hickman Lancaster University University of Richmond Nurcan Ensari Crystal L. Hoyt Alliant International University University of Richmond Jessica Flanigan Christopher von Rueden University of Richmond University of Richmond The SAGE Encyclopedia of Leadership Studies 1 Edited by George R. Goethals University of Richmond Scott T. Allison University of Richmond Georgia J. Sorenson University of Cambridge Copyright © 2023 by SAGE Publications, Inc. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedorutilized FOR INFORMATION: in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including SAGEPublications,Inc. photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval 2455TellerRoad system, without permission in writing from the publisher. ThousandOaks,California91320 Alltradenamesandtrademarksrecited,referenced,orreflectedherein E-mail:[email protected] arethepropertyoftheirrespectiveownerswhoretainallrightsthereto. SAGEPublicationsLtd. Printed in the United States of America 1Oliver’sYard 55CityRoad Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data London,EC1Y1SP Names: Goethals, George R., editor. | Allison, Scott T., editor. | UnitedKingdom Sorenson, Georgia Jones, editor. SAGEPublicationsIndiaPvt.Ltd. Title:TheSageencyclopediaofleadershipstudies/editedbyGeorge B1/I1MohanCooperativeIndustrialArea R. Goethals, University of Richmond, Scott T. Allison, University of MathuraRoad,NewDelhi110044 Richmond, Georgia J. Sorenson, University of Cambridge. India Description: Thousand Oaks, Calif. : SAGE, [2023] | Includes SAGEPublicationsAsia-PacificPte.Ltd. bibliographicalreferencesandindex.|Summary:“LeadershipStudies 18CrossStreet#10-10/11/12 is a multi-disciplinary academic exploration of the various aspects of ChinaSquareCentral how people get along, and how together they get things done. The Singapore048423 fields that contribute to leadership studies include history, political science, psychology, anthropology, sociology, philosophy, literature, and behavioral economics. Leadership Studies is also about the ethical dimensions of human behavior. The discipline considers what leadership has been in the past (the historical view), what leadership actually looks like in the present (principally from the perspectives of the behavioral sciences and political science), and what leadership should be (the ethical perspective). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Leadership Studies will present both key concepts and research illuminating leadership and many of the most important events in human history that reveal the nuances of leadership, good and bad. Entries will include topics such as power, charisma, identity, persuasion, personality, social intelligence, gender, justice, unconsciousconceptions of leadership, leader-follower relationships, and moral transformation”– Provided by publisher. Identifiers: LCCN 2023000513 | ISBN 9781071840849 (hardcover ; 2 volume set) | ISBN 9781071840832 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781071840825 (epub) | ISBN 9781071840818 (epub) Subjects: LCSH: Leadership–Encyclopedias. AcquisitionsEditor:AndrewBoney Classification: LCC HM1261 .S3448 2023 | DDC 303.3/7203–dc23/ AssistantEditor:ElizabethHerna´ndez eng/20230110 DevelopmentalEditor:SanfordJ.Robinson ProductionEditor:Vijayakumar LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2023000513 CopyEditor:ChristobelColleenHopman This book is printed on acid-free paper. Typesetter:TNQTechnologies Proofreader:BennyWillyStephen Indexer:TNQTechnologies CoverDesigner:CandiceHarman MarketingManager:VictoriaVelasquez 23 24 25 26 27 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Volume 1 List of Entries vii Reader’s Guide xi Contributors xx Introduction xxvii Entries A 1 F 349 B 45 G 377 C 79 H 421 D 221 I 451 E 273 Volume 2 List of Entries vii Reader’s Guide xi Entries L 507 S 827 M 603 T 915 N 663 U 963 O 681 V 967 P 689 W 981 R 781 Index 1017 List of Entries Ableism Collective Action Accountability Collective Intelligence Actor–Network Theory Collective Leadership Adam Smith and Leadership Collective Responsibility Adaptive Leadership Communication Aesthetic Leadership Community Leadership Age and Leadership Community Wealth Building Alienation Complexity Leadership Theory Altruism Conformity Appearance Confucian Ethics Atatu¨rk and Turkish Transformation Congressional Leadership Authentic Leadership Connective Leadership Autocratic Leadership Conspiracy Theories Context-Sensitive Leader Preferences Bad Leadership Contingency Theories Bathsheba Syndrome Cooperation Behavioral Economics Corporate Social Responsibility Behavioral Theories of Leadership COVID-19 Pandemic Big Five Personality Traits Creativity Big Six of Civil Rights Movement Creativity, Innovation, and Leadership Biology of Leadership Criminal Law Black Lives Matter and Leadership Crisis Leadership Board Leadership Critical Leadership Studies Bureaucracy Critical Race Theory Cuban Missile Crisis Caring Leadership Cultural Differences in Leadership Styles CEO Hubris Culturally Relevant Leadership in Education Change and Leadership Charismatic Leadership Daoist Moral Obligations Charismatic Theory Dark Triad CIP Model of Leadership Death Positivity Bias and Leadership Civil Rights Movement Deception and Manipulation, Ethics of Climate Change and Leadership Decision-Making Theory Coalitions Democratic Leadership Coercive Management Deontology and Rights Cognitive Biases in Leadership Destructive Leadership Cognitive Dissonance Theory Dirty Hands Collapsing Toxic Triangles Disagreement, Ethics of vii viii List of Entries Discourse Ethics Group Satisfaction Distributed Leadership Groupthink Distributive Egalitarianism Diversity Health Psychology and Leadership Diversity Ideologies Health, Well-Being, and Leadership Dominance and Prestige Heroic Leadership Higher Education Economic Justice History Economic Recovery and Leadership Human Trafficking Educational Attainment Humane Education Educational Leadership Humility Effective Leadership and Selflessness Humor Effects of Power E-Leadership Idiosyncrasy Credit Embodied Leadership Idiosyncratic Deals Emotion and Leadership Implicit Leadership Theories Emotional Intelligence Inclusive Leadership Empathic Leadership Income Inequality Employee Rights Indigenous International Diplomacy Empowerment Influence Tactics for Leaders Endogeneity and Endogenous Theorizing Innovation Entrepreneurship Institutional Culture Versus Structure in the Army Ethical Consumerism Instrumental Leadership Ethical Leadership Intelligences Ethics and Effectiveness Intelligent Disobedience Evolution of Inequality Intergroup Processes Evolutionary Leadership Theory International Leadership Association Executive Compensation Intersectionality: Race, Gender, and Leadership Exemplary Leadership Labeling Theory Feminine Mystique, The Language and Leadership Feminism Leader Emergence and Performance Film and Leaders in Politics, Sports, and Society Leader Exceptionalism Film, Television, and Social Change Leader Manipulation in Warfare Followership Leader Self-Efficacy Foucault and Postmodernism Leader–Follower Relationships Foundational Lawgiving Leader–Member Exchange (LMX) Full Range Leadership Theory Leaders’ Personal Crisis Leaders’ Stories Gender Stereotypes Leaders’ Power Resources and Followers’ Glass Ceiling and the Labyrinth Reactions Global Business Leadership Leadership and Empathy on the Screen Global Leadership Leadership and Management Globalism, Nationalism, and Leadership Leadership and US International Relations GLOBE 2020 Leadership Development GLOBE Research Program Leadership for the Common Good Group Effectiveness Leadership in Children and Adolescents Group Norms Leadership in Dogs Group Process Leadership in Nonhuman Mammals List of Entries ix Leadership in Science Political Obligation Leadership in Violence Prevention Power and Culture Leading Diversity Power and Powerlessness Leading From Below Presidential Leadership LGBTQ1 Social Movements Pride and the Psychology of Prestige Liberal Tradition, The Procedural Justice Liberalism and Toleration Property-Owning Democracy Literature Prosocial Behavior Proximate and Ultimate Evolutionary Approaches Majority and Minority Influence to Leadership Manhattan Project Prozac Leadership Marketing Leadership Purpose and Invisible Leadership Me Too Movement Men and Masculinities Race and Ethnicity Military Leadership Racial Disparities Mindful Leadership Reconstructive Presidents Monetary Policy Regulating Private Sector Leadership Moral Character Religion and Leadership Moral Imagination Religious Disagreement Moral Language Resilient Leadership Moral Pluralism Resonant Leadership Moral Risk Responsible Leadership Motional Intelligence Rhetoric Multiculturalism, Ethics of Rhetoric and Persuasion Multiple Roles of Leaders Romance of Heroism Mutiny Romance of Leadership Rosy Halo and Power Narcissistic Leadership Networks and Networked Organizations Schemas, Scripts, and Mental Models Neuroscience Self-Leadership Nonprofit Leadership September 11 Terrorist Attacks and Leadership Nostalgia and Leadership Servant Leadership Service Innovation Obedience Service-For-Prestige Theory of Leadership Organizational Leadership Sexual Harassment Sexual Identity Panama Canal Treaties Sexuality Paradoxes of Leadership Shared Leadership Paternalism: Origins and Theoretical Context Situational Leadership Paternalistic Leadership: Conceptual Frameworks Skills Path–Goal Theory Social Change Patriarchy and Its Origins Social Identities Pearl Harbor Speech Social Identity Theory Persuasion Social Media Philosophy and Leadership Special Obligations and Leadership Ethics Plutarch Sports Political Identities State Aggression Political Leadership Stereotype Threat Political Leadership and Historical Memory Strategic Leadership