The SAGE Encyclopedia of Economics and Society PDF
Preview The SAGE Encyclopedia of Economics and Society
About the pagination of this eBook This eBook contains a multi-volume set. To navigate the front matter of this eBook by page number, you will need to use the volume number and the page number, separated by a hyphen. For example, to go to page v of volume 1, type “1-v” in the Go box at the bottom of the screen and click "Go." To go to page v of volume 2, type “2-v”… and so forth. The SAGE Encyclopedia of ECONOMICS AND SOCIETY SAGE was founded in 1965 by Sara Miller McCune to support the dissemination of usable knowledge by publishing innovative and high-quality research and teaching content. Today, we publish more than 850 journals, including those of more than 300 learned societies, more than 800 new books per year, and a growing range of library products including archives, data, case studies, reports, and video. SAGE remains majority-owned by our founder, and after Sara’s lifetime will become owned by a charitable trust that secures our continued independence. Los Angeles | London | New Delhi | Singapore | Washington DC The SAGE Encyclopedia of ECONOMICS AND SOCIETY Frederick F. Wherry General Editor Yale University Juliet Schor Consulting Editor Boston College 1 Copyright © 2015 by SAGE Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized FOR INFORMATION: in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval SAGE Publications, Inc. system, without permission in writing from the publisher. 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320 Printed in the United States of America. E-mail: [email protected] Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data SAGE Publications Ltd. 1 Oliver’s Yard Names: Wherry, Frederick F., editor. 55 City Road London, EC1Y 1SP Title: The SAGE encyclopedia of economics and society / Frederick F. Wherry, editor, Juliet Schor, consulting editor. United Kingdom SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd. Description: First Edition. | Thousand Oaks : SAGE Publications, Inc., 2015. | Includes index. B 1/I 1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044 Identifiers: LCCN 2015040606 | ISBN 9781452226439 India (hardcover : alk. paper) SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte. Ltd. Subjects: LCSH: Economics—Encyclopedias. | Social policy— 3 Church Street Encyclopedias. #10-04 Samsung Hub Singapore 049483 Classification: LCC HB61 .S17564 2015 | DDC 330.03—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015040606 Acquisitions Editor: Andrew Boney Editorial Assistant: Jordan Enobakhare Author Manager: Joanne Steinberg Production Editor: Jane Haenel Reference Systems Manager: Leticia Gutierrez Copy Editors: QuADS Prepress (P) Ltd. Typesetter: Hurix Systems (P) Ltd. Proofreaders: C aryne Brown, Jeff Bryant, Christine Dahlin, Susa Schon Indexer: Jay Kreider Cover Designer: Candice Harman Marketing Manager: Teri Williams 15 16 17 18 19 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Volume 1 List of Articles vii Reader’s Guide xv About the Editor xxiii List of Contributors xxv Introduction xxxv Acknowledgments xxxix Chronology xli Articles A 1 C 273 B 165 Volume 2 List of Articles vii Reader’s Guide xv Articles D 541 G 757 E 595 H 835 F 661 I 899 Volume 3 List of Articles vii Reader’s Guide xv Articles J 987 O 1197 K 1005 P 1239 L 1013 Q 1361 M 1057 R 1369 N 1143 Volume 4 List of Articles vii Reader’s Guide xv Articles S 1431 W 1679 T 1561 X 1733 U 1635 Y 1735 V 1655 Glossary 1743 Resource Guide 1761 Index 1767 List of Articles ABC (American Broadcasting Company) Angie’s List Abilities Animal Spirits Abundance and Scarcity Antiforeclosure Movement Academy Awards Anti-Semitism and Immigration Acceptable Risk Antisocial Behavior Accountability Apollo Theater Accounting, Business Arousal and Economic Evaluation Accounting, Critical Art Auctions Accounting, Mental Art Dealers Accounting, Personal Art Prices Accounting, Relational Artisanal Production Achievement Tests Artist Communities Acting White Arts and Culture, Economic Impact of Actors’ Equity Association (AEA) Asset Building Movement Adbusters Asset Holdings, Disparities by Race/Ethnicity Adoption Assimilation Advergaming Attention, Capture of Advertising Age Attention Deficit Disorder Advertising Agencies Attention Deficit Disorder in Children Advertising Campaigns Audits Advice Networks and Consumption Decisions Authenticity Affirmative Action Automatic Impulse Affluent Society, The Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) B Movies African Immigration Babysitting Afterlife Bail Age Compression Banked, Fully Age of Consent Banked, Un- Agricultural Industry Banked, Under- Agriculture and Food Production Bankruptcy Alcohol Advertising Bar/Bat Mitzvah Alcohol-Related Crime Barbie Dolls Allowances Bargaining Alternative Financial Services BBC (British Broadcasting Company) Alternative Trading Associations Beliefs About Money Altruism Benevolence Alumni Networks Big Brothers Big Sisters American Federation of Musicians Bitcoin American Federation of Television and Radio Black Baptist Women’s Movement Artists Black Power and Market Economy vii viii List of Articles Black-White Achievement Gap Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Blockbusting Chief Financial Officer (CFO) Blogs Child Labor Blood Diamonds Child Marriage Body Image Child Soldiers Bollywood Child Trafficking Book Clubs Childhood Vaccinations Border Militia Children, Cost of Raising Border Patrol Chinatown Border Towns Chinese Immigration Born Again CHIP (Children’s Health Insurance Program) Borrowing, Relational Choice Boycotts Christianity Bracero Program Church Activism Brand Communities Cinema Chains Brand Equity Civil Rights Act of 1964 Brand Experience Civil Rights Movement Brand Loyalty Civil War Branding Cities Climate Activism Branding National Identity Climate Denial Movement Bretton Woods Codes of Ethics Broadway Theater Coleman Report Broken Windows Theory Collective Bargaining by Teachers Brothels College Applications Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka College Debt Buddhism Colonialism, Contemporary Effects of Business Associations Comic Books Business School Common Core State Standards Initiative Common Goods (Renewable Resources) Cable Communications Policy Act Common Morality Cable News Common School Movement Cable TV Communism California Gold Rush Communism and Immigration Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood Community Penalties Car Clubs Compensation Principle Career Criminals Competition Carjacking Consumer Boycotts Cassette Tape Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Catholic Relief Services Contingent Work Cause Marketing Contracts Causes of Crime Conversions, Religious Caveat Emptor Coolhunting CBS (Columbia Broadcasting System) Co-Pays CDs (Compact Discs) Copyrights Center for a New American Dream Corporate Boards Cereal Boxes Corporate Campaign Contributions Charisma Corporate Crimes Charismatic Capitalism Corporate Culture Charter Schools Corporate Governance Checking Accounts Corporate Social Responsibility
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