The Sacred Law of Andania: A New Text with Commentary

312 Pages·2011·4.949 MB·English

by  Laura Gawlinski

Laura Gawlinski
The Sacred Law of Andania
Sozomena
Studies in the Recovery of Ancient Texts
Edited
on behalf of the Herculaneum Society
by
Alessandro Barchiesi, Robert Fowler,
Dirk Obbink and Nigel Wilson
Vol.11
De Gruyter
Laura Gawlinski
The Sacred Law of Andania
A New Text with Commentary
De Gruyter
ISBN 978-3-11-026757-0
e-ISBN 978-3-11-026814-0
ISSN 1869-6368
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Gawlinski,Laura.
ThesacredlawofAndania:anewtextwithcommentary/
LauraGawlinski.
p.cm.(cid:2)(Sozomena)
Includesbibliographicalreferences(p. )andindex.
ISBN978-3-11-026757-0(hardcover:alk.paper)
1. Mysteries, Religious (cid:2) Greece. 2. Cults (cid:2) Greece.
3. Greece (cid:2) Religion. 4. Inscriptions, Ancient (cid:2) Greece.
I.Title.
BL795.M9G39 2011
292.08093819(cid:2)dc23
2011039342
BibliographicinformationpublishedbytheDeutscheNationalbibliothek
TheDeutscheNationalbibliothekliststhispublicationintheDeutsche
Nationalbibliografie;detailedbibliographicdataareavailableintheInternet
athttp://dnb.d-nb.de.
©2012WalterdeGruyterGmbH&Co.KG,Berlin/Boston
Printing:Hubert&Co.GmbH&Co.KG,Göttingen
(cid:3)Printedonacid-freepaper
PrintedinGermany
www.degruyter.com
Acknowledgments
This project began as a dissertation supported by several fellowships: the
Lane Cooper (2002–2003) and Sage (2003–2004) Fellowships from Cor-
nell University and the Eugene Vanderpool Advanced Fellowship (2004–
2005) and Oscar Broneer Travel Award (fall 2003) from the American
School of Classical Studies at Athens. Examination and photography of
the inscription was made possible by a permit from the Permission to re-
produce my photographs here is from the Thirty-Eighth Ephoreia (Kala-
mata).
My advisor Kevin Clinton at Cornell provided indispensable guid-
ance during the dissertation stage and beyond. Also at Cornell, I owe a
debt of gratitude to department administrator Sue Payne for helping
things run smoothly between Athens and Ithaca. The staff at the Blegen
library of the American School, especially Phyllis Graham and Ben Mil-
lis, came through on many occasions when I needed som ething obscure
tracked down in the stacks or ordered. I would like to single out several
people who made significant impact on this work at various stages,
whether it be through reading drafts, sharing research, or driving me
around the Peloponnese: Matt Baumann, Nancy Bookidis, John Camp,
Tasos Kakouros, Nigel Kennell, Matt McCallum, Isabelle Pafford, Jen
Palinkas, Molly Richardson, Sara Saba, Guy Sanders, Jim Sickinger,
Jonathan Tomlinson, and Stephen Tracy. Finally, I thank Dirk Obbink
and Sabine Vogt at Walter de Gruyter for seeing this manuscript through
to completion. All those who have influenced this work through conver-
sations and encouragement are too numerous to note though I am no less
grateful to them.

Table of Contents VII
Table of Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Chapter I: The Text and its Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1. TheDiagramma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2. The Date of theDiagramma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. The Context of theDiagramma . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4. The Mystery Festival . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.1 Contents of the Festival . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.2 Deities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.3 Officials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.4 Participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.5 Conclusion: The Mysteries Reconstructed . . . . . 28
Chapter II: Topography: The Site of Andania and the Karneiasion 33
1. The Location of the City and Sanctuary . . . . . . . . . 33
2. The Sanctuary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3. The Procession . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3.1 Origin and Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3.2 Walking Directions from Messene to the
Divari Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4. Current Location of theDiagramma . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Chapter III: The Inscription . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Physical and Epigraphic Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Text and Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Commentary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
§1. Oaths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
§2. Transferal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
§3–5. Dress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
§3. Wreaths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
§4. Clothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
§5. Oath of theGynaikonomos . . . . . . . . . 133
VIII Table of Contents
§6. Procession . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
§7–8. Tents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
§7. Concerning Tents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
§8. The Things Which One Must Not Have
in the Tents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
§9–10. Order Kept byRhabdophoroi . . . . . . . . . . . 149
§9. Concerning Those Who Are Disorderly . . . 151
§10. ConcerningRhabdophoroi . . . . . . . . . . 152
§11. About Funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
§12. Supplying of Sacrificial Animals . . . . . . . . . 164
§13. Artisans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
§14. Crimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
§15. Cutting Wood in the Sanctuary . . . . . . . . . . 184
§16. Slave Refuge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
§17. Fountain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
§18. Treasuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
§19. Sacred Meal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
§20. Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
§21–22. Water, Bath and Ointments . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
§21. Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
§22. Bath and Ointments . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
§23. Reporting ofSunesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
§24. Copy of theDiagramma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
§25. The Ten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
§26. Unwritten Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Appendix: An Oracle Inscription Concerning the Mysteries . . . 243
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Indices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
1. Index Verborum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
2. Ancient Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
3. General Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Preface IX
Preface
When I completed my dissertation in 2006, I was able to write that since
its discovery in 1858, the sacred law of Andania had been the subject of
few studies. With the publication of Deshours’s study of the history of the
cult that same year and the new attention brought by the redating of the
text proposed by Themelis (2004, 2007) that is no longer the case.1 One
may question why yet another monograph is warranted, but it is precisely
this renewed interest that requires a close reexamination of the text itself.
Sauppe published the first significant analysis of the content of the in-
scription shortly after its discovery.2 Foucart included a thorough dis-
cussion with his publication of a new edition of the text sixteen years
later, but his work has been less influential.3 The scholarship of the early
twentieth-century falls into two main categories: attempts to refine de-
tails of the text in shorter articles,4 and works which focused less on the
inscription itself and more on the Mystery cult to which it related. The
latter tied the information from the inscription to the description by Paus-
anias (4.33.4–6) to form a historical reconstruction of the cult.5 The in-
scription has also been included in collections of so-called sacred laws,
sometimes with brief commentaries like that of Sokolowski (LSCG 65).
Georgountzos later published a short commentary; although it includes
comments on the cult in general, the focus is lexicography and dialect.6
A renewed interest in Messenia and Pausanias has resulted in several
new studies which mention the Mysteries and, to a lesser extent, the in-
scription. The connection of the inscription to Pausanias has been re-
visited, and the cult’s place in the history of its region has been high-
1 Deshours 2006 has been reviewed by Pirenne-Delforge 2008b. I thank N. Des-
hours for making her table of contents available to me through my advisor so
that I could ensure that my work had a different focus.
2 Sauppe 1859. Reprinted in Sauppe 1860 and again in 1896, pp.261–307 with the
text fromSyll.1.
3 Foucart 1876, with French translation.
4 Wilhelm 1940; Zingerle 1937.
5 Ziehen 1925 and 1926; Guarducci 1934.
6 Georgountzos 1979, with modern Greek translation. Cf. the more recent work on
linguistics by López Salvá 1997.
X Preface
lighted. These studies include short notes by Alcock, but also more
thorough explorations of the cult in its context such as those by Zunino,
Deshours and Piolot.7
The inscription and the cult practices it records have also found a
place in studies focused on ancient Greek religion more broadly. Meyer
includes the only complete English translation of the text in his source-
book on ancient Mysteries.8 Graf’s short study of so-called “lesser Mys-
teries” also incorporates information about the inscription and sanctu-
ary.9 Because a wide range of subjects is covered in the inscription,
references to particular passages are used as evidence for their related
topics. For example, Dillon’s work on pilgrimage makes substantial use
of the text, and it is Petropoulou’s exemplum of what kind of information
a “sacred law” can provide about animal sacrifice.10 Frequently, however,
it is quickly cited as a comparandum or relegated to a footnote.
My interest in the inscription came out of a fascination with what
might be considered the mundane aspects of ancient religion, particularly
sanctuary and festival management. This work seeks to place this text
into a wider context of “sacred law” and religious practice by connecting
it to similar regulations. Through the incorporation of archaeology, the
text receives a topographical and geographical background and is linked
to other studies of sacred space. I explore the cult and its form to give a
view of the festival at the time of the publication of the inscription, but in
so doing provide a framework that can be used to inform the study of any
Greek festival or sanctuary.
The introductory section begins by laying out the basic information
on the text and its content, including the type of text, date, and historical
context. The key aspects of the festival (officials, participants, order of
events) are summarized in order to provide a simple overview before the
7 Alcock 2001, p.146, n. 14; Alcock 2002, p.143 and p.144, n. 23; Zunino 1997
(with Italian translation); Deshours 1999, 2004a, 2004b, and 2006 (with French
translation); Piolot 1999. See also Robertson 1988b; Siapkas 2003, pp.161–163;
Grandjean 2003; and Lo Monaco 2009, pp.55–62.
8 Meyer 1987.
9 Graf 2003.
10 Dillon 1997a; Petropoulou 2008, pp.64–67. See alsoNGSL. Dillon neglects to
define what he means by the terms “pilgrim” or “pilgrimage” and instead in-
cludes practically any information about any visit to a sanctuary. The use of the
term is a problem: see Elsner and Rutherford 2005, pp.1–38 on the issues and
possible solutions; I will be avoiding the term here, even though it would not be
unreasonable to use it since it is about Messenians traveling to a specific sanc-
tuary.