The Russo-Japanese War in Global Perspective: World War Zero (History of Warfare, Vol. 29) (History of Warfare)

740 Pages·2005·8.76 MB·English

by  John W. Steinberg

THE RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
HISTORY
OF WARFARE
General Editor
kelly devries
Loyola College
Founding Editors
theresa vann
paul chevedden
VOLUME 29
THE RUSSO-JAPANESE
WAR IN GLOBAL
PERSPECTIVE
World War Zero
EDITED BY
JOHN W. STEINBERG
BRUCE W. MENNING
DAVID SCHIMMELPENNINCK VAN DER OYE
DAVID WOLFF
SHINJI YOKOTE
BRILL
LEIDEN BOSTON
•
2005
On the cover: Ernest Prater, “Japan at Russia’s Throat.” Gouache. (Arthur M. Sackler Gallery,
Smithsonian Institution, lent by Gregory and Patricia Kruglak.)
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Should any other party feel that its rights have been infringed we would be glad to take up contact with
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The Russo-Japanese war in global perspective : World War Zero / edited by John W.
Steinberg … [et al.].
p. cm. — (History of warfare, ISSN 1385-7827 ; v. 29)
Includes index.
ISBN 90-04-14284-3 (alk. paper)
1. Russo-Japanese War, 1904-1905. I. Title: World War Zero. II. Steinberg, John W.
III. Series.
DS517.R933 2005
952.03’1—dc22
2004062918
ISSN 1385–7827
ISBN 90 04 14284 3
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CONTENTS
Acknowledgements ...................................................................... ix
List of Illustrations ...................................................................... xi
List of Maps ................................................................................ xv
Conventions ................................................................................ xvii
Introduction ................................................................................ xix
John W. Steinberg, Bruce W. Menning, David Schimmelpenninck
van der Oye, David Wolff, Shinji Yokote
PART I
IN THE SHADOW OF WAR
Chapter One Japanese Strategy, Geopolitics and the
Origins of the War, 1792–1895 ............................................ 3
Michael Auslin
Chapter Two The Immediate Origins of the War .............. 23
David Schimmelpenninck van der Oye
Chapter Three Stretching out to the Yalu: A Contested
Frontier, 1900–1903 .............................................................. 45
Ian Nish
Chapter Four The Bezobrazovtsy .......................................... 65
Igor V. Lukoianov
Chapter Five Crimea Redux? On the Origins of the
War .......................................................................................... 87
David Goldfrank
PART II
WAR ON LAND AND SEA
Chapter Six The Operational Overview ................................ 105
John W. Steinberg
Chapter Seven Neither Mahan nor Moltke: Strategy in
the War .................................................................................. 129
Bruce W. Menning
vi contents
Chapter Eight The Russian Army’s Fatal Flaws .................. 157
Oleg R. Airapetov
Chapter Nine Human Bullets, General Nogi, and the
Myth of Port Arthur .............................................................. 179
Y. Tak Matsusaka
Chapter Ten The Russian Far Eastern Squadron’s
Operational Plans .................................................................. 203
Nicholas Papastratigakis with Dominic Lieven
Chapter Eleven The Russian Navy at War .......................... 229
Pertti Luntinen and Bruce W. Menning
Chapter Twelve Japanese Subversion in the Russian
Empire .................................................................................... 261
Antti Kujala
Chapter Thirteen Russian Military Intelligence .................... 281
Evgenii Yu. Sergeev
Chapter Fourteen Intelligence Intermediaries: The
Competition for Chinese Spies .............................................. 305
David Wolff
PART III
THE HOME FRONT
Chapter Fifteen The Specter of Mutinous Reserves: How
the War Produced the October Manifesto .......................... 333
John Bushnell
Chapter Sixteen The Far East in the Eyes of the Russian
Intelligentsia ............................................................................ 349
Paul Bushkovitch
Chapter Seventeen Love Thine Enemy: Japanese
Perceptions of Russia ............................................................ 365
Naoko Shimazu
Chapter Eighteen Battling Blocks: Representations of the
War in Japanese Woodblock Art .......................................... 385
James Ulak
Chapter Nineteen Russian Representations of the Japanese
Enemy ...................................................................................... 395
Richard Stites
contents vii
Chapter Twenty Images of the Foe in the Russian
Satirical Press .......................................................................... 411
Tatiana Filippova
Chapter Twenty-One The War in the Russian Literary
Imagination ............................................................................ 425
Barry Scherr
PART IV
THE IMPACT
Chapter Twenty-Two Russian War Financing ...................... 449
Boris Ananich
Chapter Twenty-Three Japan’s Other Victory: Overseas
Financing of the War ............................................................ 465
Ed Miller
Chapter Twenty-Four The Kittery Peace .............................. 485
Norman Saul
Chapter Twenty-Five The War in Russian Historical
Memory .................................................................................. 509
Dmitrii Oleinikov
Chapter Twenty-Six Commemorating the War in
Post-Versailles Japan .............................................................. 523
Frederick Dickinson
Chapter Twenty-Seven Tsushima’s Echoes: Asian Defeat
and Tsarist Foreign Policy .................................................... 545
David McDonald
Chapter Twenty-Eight Interservice Rivalry and Politics in
Post-War Japan ...................................................................... 565
Charles Schencking
Chapter Twenty-Nine “That Vital Spark”: Japanese
Patriotism in Russian Military Perspective .......................... 591
Don Wright
Chapter Thirty “Bravo, Brave Tiger of the East!” The
War and the Rise of Nationalism in British Egypt and
India ........................................................................................ 609
Steven Marks
viii contents
Chapter Thirty-One Inspiration for Nationalist Aspirations?
Southeast Asia and Japan’s Victory ...................................... 629
Paul A. Rodell
Notes on Contributors ................................................................ 655
Index ............................................................................................ 661
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This project was born in May 1995, when Bruce Menning first sug-
gested the undertaking to John Steinberg as they were examining
the Russian military history collection at the Finnish National Defense
Library. Within a short period, David Schimmelpenninck van der
Oye and David Wolff joined the cause to assist in brainstorming,
administering, and editing the collection of essays that ensued. Three
members of the editorial board (Schimmelpenninck, Steinberg, and
Wolff) visited Japan in February 2003, where they conferred with
academics, diplomats, and representatives from several foundations,
including the Japan Foundation and the Yomiuri Shimbun Research
Institute. These conversations brought commitments of Japanese
participation in the collaborative research effort and added support
for the overall project. Professor Emeritus Haruki Wada of Tokyo
University, Professor Shinji Yokote of Keio University, (who has since
joined the editorial board), Professor Teruyuki Hara of the Slavic
Research Center at Hokkaido University, and Professor Tatsuo Nakami
of Tokyo Foreign Studies University offered to participate in a pro-
ject secretariat based in Japan.
Since its inception nearly a decade ago, this venture has relied on
the goodwill and generosity of many individuals and institutions.
Among the former, the editorial board is particularly grateful to the
following: Paul Bushkovitch, John Bushnell, Mikiko Fujiwara, Teruyuki
Hara, Makoto Kito, Antti Kujala, Leena Kanninen, Jodi Koehn,
Kyoji Komachi, Dominic Lieven, Irina Lukka, Blair Ruble, Victoria
Steinberg, Richard Stites, Timo Vihavainen, Wendy Walker, and
Mikko Ylikangas. The editors would also like to express their pro-
found gratitude to the following institutions, all of which provided
valuable assistance: The American Association for the Advancement
of Slavic Studies, Brock University, Georgia Southern University, the
Guest House of Helsinki University, the Finnish National Defense
College Library, the Japan Foundation, the Kennan Institute for
Advanced Russian Studies, the London School of Economics, the
Renvall Institute of Helsinki University, Rodina, the Royal Canadian
Military Institute, the Slavic Research Center of Hokkaido University,