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The Russian Revolution, 1917 PDF

372 Pages·2017·8.689 MB·English
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The Russian Revolution, 1917 RexA.Wadepresentshereanewaccountofoneofthepivotalevents ofmodernhistory,combininghisownlongstudyoftherevolutionwith the bestofcontemporaryscholarship.Withinan overall narrative that providesacleardescriptionofthe1917revolution,heintroducesseveral new approaches to its political history and clears away many of the mythsandmisconceptionsthathavecloudedstudiesoftheperiod.He alsogivessignificantspacetothesocial,economic,andculturalhistory oftherevolutionandincorporatespeopleandplacestoooftenleftoutof thestory,includingwomen,nationalminoritypeoples,peasantry,and frontsoldiers,enablingaricherandmorecompletehistorytoemerge. Now appearing in a third edition, this highly readable book has been thoroughly revised and expanded. It will prove invaluable reading to anyoneinterestedinRussianhistory. rex a. wade isProfessorofRussianHistoryatGeorgeMasonUni- versity. He is the author of numerous books and articles on Russian history. new approaches to european history SeriesEditors william beik EmoryUniversity t. c. w. blanning SidneySussexCollege,Cambridge New Approaches to European History is an important textbook series, which providesconcise butauthoritativesurveysofmajor themes and problemsinEuropeanhistorysincetheRenaissance.Writtenatalevel andlengthaccessibletoadvancedschoolstudentsandundergraduates, each book in the series addresses topics or themes that students of European history encounter daily: the series embraces both some of themore“traditional”subjectsofstudy,andthoseculturalandsocial issues to which increasing numbers of school and college courses are devoted.Aparticulareffortismadetoconsiderthewiderinternational implicationsofthesubjectunderscrutiny. Toaidthestudentreaderscholarlyapparatusandannotationislight, but each work has full supplementary bibliographies and notes for furtherreading:whereappropriatechronologies,maps,diagrams,and otherillustrativematerialarealsoprovided. Foralistoftitlespublishedintheseries,pleaseseeendofbook. The Russian Revolution, 1917 Third Edition Rex A. Wade GeorgeMasonUniversity,Virginia UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,NY10006,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,VIC3207,Australia 4843/24,2ndFloor,AnsariRoad,Daryaganj,Delhi–110002,India 79AnsonRoad,#06–04/06,Singapore079906 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107130326 (cid:2)C CambridgeUniversityPress2017 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2017 PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyClays,StIvesplc AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Names:Wade,RexA.,author. Title:TheRussianRevolution,1917/RexA.Wade,GeorgeMasonUniversity, Virginia. Description:Thirdedition.|Cambridge;NewYork,NY:CambridgeUniversity Press,2016.|Series:NewapproachestoEuropeanhistory;53|Includes bibliographicalreferencesandindex. Identifiers:LCCN2016036249|ISBN9781107130326(hbk.:alk.paper)| ISBN9781107571259(pbk.:alk.paper) Subjects:LCSH:SovietUnion–History–Revolution,1917–1921. Classification:LCCDK265.W242016|DDC947.084–dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2016036249 ISBN978-1-107-13032-6Hardback ISBN978-1-107-57125-9Paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracy ofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. Contents Listofplates pagevi Listofmaps viii Preface ix Chronology xiv 1 Thecomingoftherevolution 1 2 TheFebruaryRevolution 28 3 Politicalrealignmentandthenewpoliticalsystem 52 4 TheaspirationsofRussiansociety 86 5 Thepeasantsandthepurposesofrevolution 127 6 Thenationalities:identityandopportunity 144 7 Thesummerofdiscontents 170 8 “AllPowertotheSoviets” 205 9 TheBolshevikstakepower 232 10 TheConstituentAssemblyandthepurposesofpower 254 11 Conclusions 282 Notes 302 Furtherreading 320 Index 339 v Plates 1 StreetbarricadeduringtheFebruaryRevolution.Prints andPhotographsDivision,LibraryofCongress. page37 2 CrowdburningtheRomanovroyalinsignia.Printsand PhotographsDivision,LibraryofCongress. 40 3 Avoluntarymilitia.TheHooverInstitution. 40 4 “TheProvisionalGovernmentatWork.”Printsand PhotographsDivision,LibraryofCongress. 54 5 PrinceG.E.Lvov.PrintsandPhotographsDivision,Library ofCongress. 61 6 AlexanderKerensky.PrintsandPhotographsDivision, LibraryofCongress. 62 7 AmeetingoftheSoldiers’SectionofthePetrogradSoviet. PrintsandPhotographsDivision,LibraryofCongress. 64 8 IrakliTsereteli.12,14i15avgustavMoskve;Risunkilu.K. ArtsybushevanazasedaniiakhGosudarstvennagosoveshchaniia (1917)(Moscow,1917). 67 9 VladimirLenin.PrintsandPhotographsDivision,Libraryof Congress. 68 10 Workers’demonstrationheadedbyarmedRedGuards. Proletarskaiarevoliutsiiavobrazakhikartinakh(Leningrad, 1926). 93 11 Soldiersparadingwiththeslogan,“NicholastheBloodyinto thePeter-PaulFortress.”CourtesyofJonathanSanders. 104 12 Meetingatthefront.NationalArchivesandRecords Administration. 107 13 Partofademonstrationforwomen’srights.Courtesyof JonathanSanders. 116 14 Soldiers’wives’demonstration.PrintsandPhotographs Division,LibraryofCongress. 121 15 Estoniansoldiersdemandingtheformationofseparate Estonianmilitaryunits.EestiVabadussoda,1918–1920 (Tallinn,1937). 159 vi Plates vii 16 Kerenskyaddressingtroopsatthefront.Courtesyof ColumbiaUniversityLibraryBakhmeteffArchive. 175 17 AbulletholeinaPetrogradtobaccostorewindowafter shootingduringtheJulyDays.PrintsandPhotographs Division,LibraryofCongress. 185 18 GeneralKornilovbeingcarriedaloftfromthetrainstation onhisarrivalfortheMoscowStateConference.GeneralA. I.Denikin,OcherkiRusskoismuty(Paris,1921). 201 19 Afoodline.CourtesyofJonathanSanders. 217 20 ARedGuarddetachmentonguarddutyattheSmolny Institute.Proletarskaiarevoliutsiiavobrazakhikartinakh (Leningrad,1926). 236 21 DamagetotheKremlinfromthefightingduringtheOctober RevolutioninMoscow.NationalArchivesandRecords Administration. 252 22 ReadingcampaignpostersfortheConstituentAssembly elections.CourtesyofJonathanSanders. 277 Maps 1 Petrograd,1917. 30 2 EuropeanRussia,1917. 50 3 EuropeanRussia:majornationalities. 146 4 Russia,May1917:militaryfrontsagainstGermanyand Austria-Hungary. 176 viii

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